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https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1007/preface.pdf
SHAPES 2.0
The Shape of Things
Workshop held at the
World Congress and School on Universal Logic
April 3-4 2013
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Editors
Oliver Kutz Mehul Bhatt Stefano Borgo Paulo Santos
PREFACE
Shape, Form, and Structure
Shape, Form, and Structure are some of the most elusive notions within diverse
disciplines ranging from humanities (literature, arts) to sciences (chemistry, bi-
ology, physics etc.) and within these from the formal (like mathematics) to the
empirical disciplines (such as engineering and cognitive science). Even within do-
mains such as computer science and artificial intelligence, these notions are re-
plete with commonsense meanings (think of everyday perception and communi-
cation), and formalisations of the semantics and reasoning about shape, form,
and structure are often ad hoc. Whereas several approaches have been proposed
within the aforementioned disciplines to study the notions of shape, form and
structure from different standpoints, a comprehensive formal treatment of these
notions is currently lacking and no real interdisciplinary perspective has been put
forward.
The workshop series SHAPES provides an interdisciplinary platform for the dis-
cussion of all topics connected to shape (broadly understood): perspectives from
psycho-linguistics, ontology, computer science, mathematics, aesthetics, and cog-
nitive science, amongst others, are welcome to contribute and participate in the
workshops. We seek to facilitate a discussion between researchers from all dis-
ciplines interested in representing shape and reasoning about it. This includes
formal, cognitive, linguistic, engineering and/or philosophical aspects of space, as
well as their application in the sciences and in the arts.
We also welcome contributions on the relationship of shape representations at
different levels of detail (e.g. 2D, 3D) and in different logics, and with respect
to different qualitative and quantitative dimensions, such as topology, distance,
symmetry, orientation, etc.
Form and Function in Natural and Artificial Systems
Within the philosophy and practice of design, the ontological notions of shape,
form and structure have a further role of constraining function, malfunction, and
behaviour of things. In this perspective, the decision-making process in design
is a trade-off between physical, logical and cognitive laws and constraints that
intertwine shapes and functionalities. Here, the spatio-linguistic, conceptual, for-
mal, and computational modeling of shape serves as a crucial step towards the
realization of functional affordances. This line of thought extends to several other
disciplines concerned not only with the design of technical systems, but also with
the understanding of biological as well as socio-technical systems. For instance,
in biochemistry the shape of molecular entities (proteins, small molecules) has a
direct effect on their interactions which give rise to the capacities they can man-
ifest and, in turn, to the processes of life and death. Representing and reasoning
about the shapes and realizable functionalities of these entities is essential to un-
derstand basic biological processes. Of special importance, in this as well as other
contexts, is the understanding of shape complementarity, that is, categorising the
shapes of holes as well as the shapes of the entities that can fit into those holes,
which can either facilitate or block the functionality of the overall system.
The results of this workshop will stimulate and facilitate an active exchange on
interdisciplinary applications, ideas, approaches, and methods in the area of mod-
elling shape, form, pattern and function. The format of the workshop combined
invited speakers, peer-reviewed full contributions, as well as short position and
demo papers, and allowed ample time for open discussions amongst the partici-
pants. Topics covered included:
Linguistics / Philosophy shape and form in natural language; differences between
shape, form, structure, and pattern; shape in natural and artificial objects.
Cognition shape perception and mental representation; gestalt vs. structuralist
understanding of shape cognition; perception and shape (e.g. identifying
objects from incomplete visual information); affordances, dispositions, and
shape.
Logics, Spatial Representations formal characterisations of shape and form; log-
ics for shape: e.g. fuzzy, modal, intensional; logics for topology, symmetry,
shape similarity; design semantics, spatial semantics; shape and 3D space;
shape and space in cognitive assistance systems.
Ontology ontologies and classifications of shapes; ontological relations among
shape, objects and functions; patterns as shapes of processes; forms and
patterns in ontology.
Applications Biology & Chemistry: molecular shapes, shape in anatomy and phe-
notype definitions, shape complementarity between objects and holes, shape
in medical image analysis and annotation.
Visual Art and Aesthetics: shape in Film and Photography; shape in com-
putational creativity.
Naive Physics and Geography: e.g. qualitative classifications of shapes of
geographic objects.
Design & Architecture: shape grammars; CAD, symmetry and beauty in
architectural design.
Engineering: formal shape analysis in engineering processes.
The workshop SHAPES 2.0 followed a successful first event held at CONTEXT
2011 in Karlsruhe, Germany.1
SHAPES 2.0 grew significantly in its second installment2 , running as a full two-
day workshop, and attracting a total of 23 contributed submissions of which
we selected 14 for presentation at the workshop, with an additional 5 invited
contributions. We thank all the speakers for their great presentations, and the
audience for generating very lively and fruitful discussions.
1 See http://cindy.informatik.uni-bremen.de/cosy/events/shapes/ for the workshop website. The
proceedings have been published as Vol. 812 of the CEUR workshop proceedings, edited by
Janna Hastings, Oliver Kutz, Mehul Bhatt, and Stefano Borgo, see http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-812/.
2 See http://cindy.informatik.uni-bremen.de/cosy/events/shapes2/ for the workshop website
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the program committee members and the additional reviewers for their
timely reviewing. We thank our invited keynote speakers—Roberto Casati, Roberto M. Cesar
Jr, Simon Colton, Antony Galton, and Barbara Tversky—for their support and contributions.
We also thank the UniLog conference, in particular Jean-Yves Béziau, for hosting the second
edition of SHAPES, and for generously providing free conference registration to our keynote
speakers and workshop organisers.
SHAPES 2.0 has been generously sponsored by the following organisations:
• CAPES – Coordination for the improvement of Higher-level Personnel (www.capes.gov.br)
• CNPq – National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (www.cnpq.br)
• International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA) (www.iaoa.org)
SHAPES is an initiative of the IAOA Special Interest Group:
Design Semantics (www.designsemantics.org)
Mehul Bhatt and Oliver Kutz acknowledge support of the German Research Foundation (DFG)
via the Spatial Cognition Research Center (SFB/TR 8) co-located at the University of Bremen,
and the University of Freiburg, Germany (http://www.sfbtr8.spatial-cognition.de).
Shapes 2.0 – Organisation
Programme Chairs
Oliver Kutz Spatial Cognition Research Center (SFB/TR 8)
University of Bremen, Germany
Mehul Bhatt Cognitive Systems (CoSy), and
Spatial Cognition Research Center (SFB/TR 8)
University of Bremen, Germany
Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA), ISTC-CNR, Trento, Italy
Paulo Santos Artificial Intelligence in Automation group, Centro Universitrio da FEI
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Programme Committee
Colin Batchelor Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK
John Bateman University of Bremen, Germany
Thomas Bittner SUNY, Buffalo, USA
Walter Carnielli State University of Campinas, Brazil
Hannah Dee Aberystwyth University, UK
Christian Freksa University of Bremen, Germany
George Gkoutos University of Cambridge, UK
Michael Grüninger University of Toronto, Canada
Giancarlo Guizzardi University of Espı́rito Santo, Brazil
Janna Hastings University of Geneva, Switzerland
Shyamanta Hazarika Tezpur University, India
Roberto Hirata Jr. University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Ingvar Johansson Umea University, Sweden
Joao Kogler University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Kai-Uwe Kühnberger University of Osnabrück, Germany
Frieder Nake University of Bremen, Germany
Susanna Siegel Harvard University, USA
Achille Varzi Columbia University, USA
Pieter Vermass Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Additional Reviewers
Pawel Garbacz The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
Torsten Hahmann University of Toronto, Canada
Valquiria F. Pereira University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Vinicius Romanini University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Flávio Soares Corrêa Da Silva University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Marcio Lobo Netto University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Nicolau Leal Werneck Geekie Software, Brazil
Carlos da Silva dos Santos Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
Yossi Zana Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil