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https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1081/womo2013_preface.pdf
Preface
Modularity has been and continues to be one of the central research topics in
ontology engineering. The number of ontologies available, as well as their size, is
steadily increasing. There is a large variation in subject matter, level of specifica-
tion and detail, intended purpose and application. Ontologies covering different
domains are often developed in a distributed manner; contributions from differ-
ent sources cover different parts of a single domain. Not only is it difficult to
determine and define interrelations between such distributed ontologies, it is also
challenging to reconcile ontologies which might be consistent on their own but
jointly inconsistent. Further challenges include extracting the relevant parts of
an ontology, re-combining independently developed ontologies in order to form
new ones, determining the modular structure of an ontology for comprehension,
and the use of ontology modules to facilitate incremental reasoning and version
control.
Modularity is envisaged to allow mechanisms for easy and flexible reuse,
combination, generalization, structuring, maintenance, collaboration, design pat-
terns, and comprehension. This is analogous to the role of modularity in software
engineering, where there are well-understood notions of modularity that have led
to generally accepted and widely supported mechanisms for the named tasks. In
contrast, modularity for ontologies is still an active research field with open
questions because existing approaches are heterogeneous and less universally
applicable. For ontology engineering, modularity is central not only to reducing
the complexity of understanding ontologies, but also to maintaining, querying
and reasoning over modules. Distinctions between modules can be drawn on the
basis of structural, semantic, or functional aspects, which can also be applied to
compositions of ontologies or to indicate links between ontologies.
In particular, reuse and sharing of information and resources across ontolo-
gies depend on purpose-specific, logically versatile criteria. Such purposes include
“tight” logical integration of different ontologies (wholly or in part), “loose” as-
sociation and information exchange, the detection of overlapping parts, travers-
ing through different ontologies, alignment of vocabularies, module extraction
possibly respecting privacy concerns and hiding of information, etc. Another
important aspect of modularity in ontologies is the problem of evaluating the
quality of single modules or of the achieved overall modularization of an ontol-
ogy. Again, such evaluations can be based on various (semantic or syntactic)
criteria and employ a variety of statistical/heuristic or logical methods.
Recent research on ontology modularity has produced substantial results and
approaches towards foundations of modularity, techniques of modularization and
modular developments, distributed and incremental reasoning, as well as the use
of modules in different application scenarios, providing a foundation for further
research and development. Since the beginning of the WoMO workshop series,
there has been growing interest in the modularization of ontologies, modular
development of ontologies, and information exchange across different modular
ontologies. In real life, however, integration problems are still mostly tackled
in an ad-hoc manner, with no clear notion of what to expect from the resulting
ontological structure. Those methods are not always efficient, and they often lead
to unintended consequences, even if the individual ontologies to be integrated
are widely tested and understood.
Topics covered by WoMO include, but are not limited to:
What is Modularity?
– Kinds of modules and their properties
– Modules vs. contexts
– Design patterns
– Granularity of representation
Logical/Foundational Studies
– Conservativity and syntactic approximations for modules
– Modular ontology languages
– Reconciling inconsistencies across modules
– Formal structuring of modules
– Heterogeneity
Algorithmic Approaches
– Distributed and incremental reasoning
– Modularization and module extraction
– Sharing, linking, and reuse
– Hiding and privacy
– Evaluation of modularization approaches
– Complexity of reasoning
– Implemented systems
Application Areas
– Modularity in the Semantic Web
– Life Sciences
– Bio-Ontologies
– Natural Language Processing
– Ontologies of space and time
– Ambient intelligence
– Social intelligence
– Collaborative ontology development and ontology versioning
Previous events. The WoMO 2013 workshop follows a series of successful
events that have been an excellent venue for practitioners and researchers to
discuss latest work and current problems. It is intended to consolidate cutting-
edge approaches that tackle the problem of ontological modularity and bring
together researchers from different disciplines who study the problem of modu-
larity in ontologies at a fundamental level, develop design tools for distributed
ontology engineering, and apply modularity in different use cases and applica-
tion scenarios. Previous editions of WoMO are listed below. The links refer to
their homepages and proceedings.
WoMO 2006. The 1st workshop on modular ontologies, co-located with ISWC
2006, Athens, Georgia, USA. Invited speakers were Alex Borgida (Rutgers)
and Frank Wolter (Liverpool). Organizers and program chairs were
http://www.cild.iastate.edu/events/womo.html
http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-232
WoMO 2007. The 2nd workshop, co-located with K-CAP 2007, Whistler BC,
Canada. The invited speaker was Ken Barker (Texas at Austin).
http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-315
WoRM 2008. The 3rd workshop in the series, co-located with ESWC 2008,
Tenerife, Spain, entitled ‘Ontologies: Reasoning and Modularity’ had a spe-
cial emphasis on reasoning methods.
http://dkm.fbk.eu/worm08
http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-348
WoMO 2010. The 4th workshop in the series, co-located with FOIS 2010,
Toronto, Canada. Invited speakers were Simon Colton (London) and Marco
Schorlemmer (Barcelona).
http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/%7Eokutz/womo4
http://www.booksonline.iospress.nl/Content/View.aspx?piid=16268
WoMO 2011. The 5th workshop in the series, co-located with ESSLLI 2011,
Ljubljana, Slovenia. Invited speakers were Stefano Borgo (Trento), Stefan
Schulz (Graz) and Michael Zakharyaschev (London).
http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/%7Eokutz/womo5
http://www.booksonline.iospress.nl/Content/View.aspx?piid=20369
WoMO 2012. The 6th workshop in the series, co-located with ICBO/FOIS 2012,
Graz, Austria. Invited speakers were Thomas Eiter (Vienna) and Luciano
Serafini (Trento).
http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/∼ts/womo2012/
http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-875/
Organizers of the previous editions and editors of the proceedings were Diego
Calvanese (Bozen-Bolzano) – 2008; Bernardo Cuenca Grau (Manchester, Oxford)
– 2007, 2008, 2010; Peter Haase (Karlsruhe) – 2006; Jie Bao (Rensselaer) –
2010; Joana Hois (Bremen) – 2010; Vasant Honovar (Iowa State) – 2006, 2007;
Oliver Kutz (Manchester, Bremen) – 2006, 2010, 2011; Ulrike Sattler (Manch-
ester) – 2008; Anne Schlicht (Mannheim) – 2007; Thomas Schneider (Bremen) –
2011, 2012; Luciano Serafini (Trento) – 2008; Evren Sirin, (Clark & Parsia LLC,
Washington DC) – 2008; York Sure (Karlsruhe) – 2006; Andrei Tamilin (Trento)
– 2006, 2008; Michael Wessel (Hamburg) – 2008; Dirk Walther (Madrid) – 2012;
Frank Wolter (Liverpool) – 2007, 2008
This volume contains the papers presented at the 7th International Workshop
on Modular Ontologies (WoMO 2013) held on September 15, 2013 in Corunna,
Spain as a satellite event of the conference LPNMR 2013. We received 9 sub-
missions. Each submission was reviewed by three program committee members.
The committee decided to accept five papers for long or short presentations. The
program also included two invited talks:
– Till Mossakowski (University of Bremen, Germany)
The Distributed Ontology, Modeling and Specification Language
– George Vouros (University of Piraeus, Greece)
Combining ontologies in settings with multiple agents
Acknowledgments. We would like to thank the PC members and the addi-
tional reviewers for their timely reviewing work, our invited speakers for deliv-
ering keynote presentations at the workshop, and the authors and participants
for contributing to the workshop program. We would also like to thank the or-
ganizers of LPNMR 2013 for hosting the WoMO workshop, the IAOA and SIN-
TELNET for their generous financial support, and the EasyChair developers for
greatly simplifying the work of the program committee.
September 27, 2013 Chiara Del Vescovo
Manchester, Toronto, Madrid Torsten Hahmann
and Dresden David Pearce
Dirk Walther
Table of Contents
Summaries of Invited Talks
The Distributed Ontology, Modeling and Specification Language . . . . . . . . 1
Till Mossakowski, Oliver Kutz, Mihai Codescu and Christoph Lange
Combining ontologies in settings with multiple agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
George Vouros
Regular Papers
Modularization of Graph-Structured Ontology with Semantic Similarity . . 25
Soudabeh Ghafourian, Mahmoud Naghibzadeh and Amin Rezaeian
Implementation and Evaluation of Forgetting in ALC-Ontologies . . . . . . . . 37
Patrick Koopmann and Renate A. Schmidt
Module Extraction for Acyclic Ontologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
William Gatens, Boris Konev and Frank Wolter
Fast atomic decomposition using axiom dependency hypergraphs . . . . . . . . 61
Francisco Martı́n-Recuerda and Dirk Walther
Short Papers
Towards a Unified Approach to Modular Ontology Development Using
the Aspect-Oriented Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Ralph Schäfermeier and Adrian Paschke
Program Committee
Kenneth Baclawski Northeastern University, Boston, USA
Eva Blomqvist Linköping University, Sweden
Alex Borgida Rutgers University, Piscataway, USA
Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, ISTC-CNR,
Trento, Italy
Gerhard Brewka University of Leipzig, Germany
Mike Dean Raytheon BBN Technologies, Ann Arbor, USA
Chiara Del Vescovo The University of Manchester, UK
(co-chair)
Thomas Eiter Technical University of Vienna, Austria
Pawel Garbacz The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin,
Poland
Dagmar Gromann Vienna University of Economics and Business,
Austria
Michael Gruninger University of Toronto, Canada
Torsten Hahmann (co-chair) University of Toronto, Canada
Robert Hoehndorf University of Cambridge, UK
Dieter Hutter DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany
Tomi Janhunen Aalto University, Finland
Pavel Klinov University of Ulm, Germany
Christoph Lange University of Birmingham, UK
Thomas Meyer CSIR Meraka Institute, Pretoria, South Afrika
Leo Obrst MITRE, McLean, VA, USA
David Pearce (co-chair) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Marco Schorlemmer IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
Luciano Serafini Fundazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
Dmitry Tsarkov The University of Manchester, UK
Dirk Walther (co-chair) TU Dresden, Germany