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https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1097/STIDS2013_Preface.pdf
Semantic Technologies for Big Data
THE
8TH
INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE
ON
SEMANTIC
TECHNOLOGIES
NOVEMBER
12-‐15,
2013
Mason
Inn
Conference
Center
George
Mason
University
Fairfax,
Virginia
Campus
Conference Proceedings
Kathryn
B.
Laskey
Ian
Emmons
Paulo
C.
G.
Costa
(Eds.)
Preface
The
8th
International
Conference
on
Semantic
Technologies
for
Intelligence,
Defense,
and
Security
(STIDS
2013)
provides
a
forum
for
academia,
government
and
industry
to
share
the
latest
research
on
semantic
technology
for
defense,
intelligence
and
security
applications.
Semantic
technology
is
a
fundamental
enabler
to
achieve
greater
flexibility,
precision,
timeliness
and
automation
of
analysis
and
response
to
rapidly
evolving
threats.
The
STIDS
2013
theme
is
Semantic
Technologies
for
Big
Data.
Topics
of
general
interest
for
STIDS
include:
• Creating
an
interoperable
suite
of
public-‐domain
ontologies
relevant
to
intelligence
analysis
covering
diverse
areas
• Ontologies
and
reasoning
under
conditions
of
uncertainty
• Semantic
technology
and
ontological
issues
related
to:
o Source
credibility
and
evidential
pedigree
o Use
of
sensing
devices
including
security,
e.g.
global
infrastructure
grid
(GIG),
images
and
intelligence
collection
in
general
• Usability
issues
relating
to
semantic
technology
• Best
practices
in
ontological
engineering
Fairfax,
VA
November
2013
Ian
Emmons
and
Kathryn
Laskey
STIDS
2013
Technical
Chairs
Paulo
Costa
STIDS
2013
General
Chair
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page i
STIDS
2013
Committees
STIDS 2013 Program Committee
Stephen Allen Semantic Research, Inc.
Carl Andersen Raytheon BBN Technologies
Robert Battle Amazon.com
Rom m el
George Mason University
Carvalho
W erner Ceusters University at Buffalo
Suzanne Collier Raytheon BBN Technologies
Paulo Costa George Mason University
M ike Dean Raytheon BBN Technologies
Jody Des Roches Joint Warfare Analysis Center
Ian Em m ons Raytheon BBN Technologies
M att Fisher Progeny Systems Corporation
Katherine
Xcelerate Solutions
Goodier
M ark Greaves Pacific Northwest National Lab
Richard
George Mason University
H aberlin
Brian H augh Institute for Defense Analyses
John H ebeler University of Maryland - BC
Terry Janssen SAIC, Inc.
Greg Joiner Raytheon BBN Technologies
Kenneth Kisiel Office of Naval Research
M ieczylaw
Northeastern University
Kokar
Dave Kolas Raytheon BBN Technologies
Kathryn Laskey George Mason University
N ancy Lawler US Department of Defense
M ike Letsky Office of Naval Research
W illiam
Data Tactics, Inc.
M andrick
Dan M axwell KaDSci, Inc.
Dave M ireles Raytheon BBN Technologies
Ranjeev M ittu US Navy Research Laboratory
Jeffrey M orrison Office of Naval Research
Leo Obrst MITRE Corporation
M ary Parm elee MITRE Corporation
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page ii
Andrew Perez-
Opower, Inc.
Lopez
Plam en Petrov Raytheon BBN Technologies
Setareh
George Mason University
Rafatirad
Doug Reid Google, Inc.
Cyladian Technology
Joe Rockm ore
Consulting
Dorene Ryder Raytheon BBN Technologies
Ciara Sibley US Navy Research Laboratory
Barry Sm ith NCOR, University at Buffalo
Tony Stein Raytheon BBN Technologies
Gheorghe Tecuci George Mason University
Andreas Tolk Old Dominion University
Brian U licny Vistology, Inc.
Andrea
SAIC
W esterinen
Dum inda
George Mason University
W ijesekera
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page iii
STIDS Steering Committee
Paulo Costa George Mason University
M ike Dean Raytheon BBN Technologies
Ian Em m ons Raytheon BBN Technologies
Katherine Goodier
NIC, Inc.
Terry Janssen SAIC
Kathryn Laskey George Mason University
W illiam M andrick Data Tactics
Leo Obrst MITRE Corporation
Barry Sm ith NCOR, University at Buffalo
STIDS 2013 Organizing Committee
General Chair
Paulo Costa
Technical Chairs
Ian Em m ons
Kathryn Laskey
Publicity Chair
W illiam M andrick
Classified Session Chair
Brian H augh
Local Team (GM U )
Debra Schenaker (Adm inistrative Chair)
Priscilla M cAndrews
Shou M atsum oto
Felipe Bom barda
Karen Tai
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page iv
STIDS
2012
Platinum
Sponsor
Data
Tactics
Corporation
is
a
minority-‐
owned
small
business
that
specializes
in
Data
Management,
Data
Architecture,
Data
Engineering,
Semantic
Data
Representations,
and
Big
Data.
Since
2005,
our
engineers
have
been
on
the
forefront
of
large,
multi-‐domain,
data
systems
supporting
Government
and
commercial
organizations.
Our
engineering
staff
is
over
90%
TS/SCI
cleared
(many
with
polygraphs)
with
over
25%
having
advanced
degrees
and
doctorates.
We
offer
a
suite
of
solutions
to
help
customers
handling
very
large,
“Big
Data”
problem
sets.
Our
team
of
senior
engineers
and
data
scientists
excel
at
the
most
intractable
problems
for
customers
such
as
AIR
FORCE,
ARMY,
DARPA,
DHS,
DNI,
NSA
and
many
others.
From
tactical
to
strategic
efforts,
our
team
has
led
the
creation,
integration,
and
implementation
of
innovative
and
proven
solutions
in
the
world
of
Data
Alignment,
Modeling,
and
Analytics.
We
are
also
very
active
in
standards
development
including
the
NIST
Cloud
Computing
and
Big
Data
standards
along
with
Semantic
Standards
(e.g.
BFO,
SUMO,
DOLCE,
etc)
and
actively
contribute
to
the
open
source
communities
(e.g.
Apache,
Source
Forge,
GIT,
etc).
Data
Tactics
is
highly
invested
in
fostering
and/or
leading
collaborations
with
academia
and
national
labs
in
advanced
research
&
development
initiatives
that
support
disruptive
technologies.
Our
team
brings
a
rich
history
of
supporting
prototyping,
experimental
technology
integration,
mission
oriented
demonstrations,
and
specifically
cloud
development
and
integration.
DATA
TACTICS
–
WHAT
WE
DO
CLOUD/DISTRIBUTED
COMPUTING
• Information
Artifact
Ontology
REFERENCE
ARCHITECTURES
Development
• IC
ITE
DNI
Enterprise
Strategy
• Advanced
Machine
Learning
• Army
Red
Disk/NSA
Ghost
(i.e.
NLP)
integration
Machine
• Advanced
Video
and
Image
• DCGS-‐A
Standard
Cloud
(DSC)
Entity
extraction
• Air
Force
TENCAP
SECURE
DATABASE
ARCHITECTURES
TURNKEY
BIG
DATA
IMPLEMENTATIONS
• Secure
Entity
Database
(SED)
• Secure
Enterprise
Hadoop
• Defense
Cross-‐Domain
Analytic
Capability
(DCAC)
• Elastic
Ingest
and
Semantic
Markup
CYBERSECURITY
• Distributed
Analytics
• Information
Assurance
ADVANCED
ANALYTICS
• Security
Architecture,
Design,
and
Configuration
• Multiple
Algorithm
Development
Programs
• Policies,
Process
Development,
and
Validation
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page v
STIDS
2012
Keynote
Speaker:
November
13
Dr.
Benjamin
Grosof
Highly
Expressive
yet
Scalable
Knowledge
for
Intelligence,
Defense,
and
Security
We
present
recent
results
on
semantic
web
knowledge
representation
&
reasoning,
and
knowledge
acquisition,
that
tightly
combine
highly
expressive
rules
and
ontologies
specified
semi-‐automatically
-‐-‐
yet
rapidly
-‐-‐
by
starting
from
effectively
unrestricted
English
text.
The
knowledge
employs
a
new
logic,
Rulelog,
that
has
strong
capabilities
to
express
meta
knowledge.
Rulelog
permits
higher-‐order
logic
formulas
that
are
defeasible
(i.e.,
can
have
exceptions).
It
is
rich
enough
to
serve
as
a
relatively
direct
target
for
natural
language
processing,
using
Textual
Logic,
a
new
method
that
employs
logic-‐based
mappings
in
natural
language
(NL)
text
interpretation
and
text
generation.
Rulelog
also
leverages
its
meta
capabilities
to
achieve
computational
tractability
via
restraint,
a
new
form
of
bounded
rationality.
Rulelog,
and
the
Textual
Logic
that
leverages
it,
constitute
a
pretty
radical
step
forward
in
terms
of
fundamental
capabilities
in
semantic
tech,
with
a
number
of
advantages
including
in
the
social
scalability
of
knowledge
authoring
and
reuse.
Yet
this
step
is
incremental
relative
to
legacy
technology,
in
that
the
new
knowledge
representation
transforms
into
the
same
fundamental
logic
as
used
in
relational
and
RDF
databases
and
in
commercially
predominant
business
rule
systems.
It's
applicable
in
several
intelligence,
defense,
and
security
(IDS)
areas
including:
info
access
policies
(e.g.,
confidentiality,
compliance);
info
integration,
flow
and
ontology
mapping
(e.g.,
in
situation
awareness);
modeling
of
causal
events
and
risk;
intelligence
analysis
and
debate;
e-‐learning
(e.g.,
just-‐in-‐time
training);
contracts
(e.g.,
compliance);
question-‐
answering
(QA);
and
NL-‐based
human-‐computer
interaction
(HCI).
We
discuss
some
of
the
exciting
opportunities
and
challenges.
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page vi
Biography:
Dr.
Benjamin
Grosof
Benjamin
Grosof
is
an
industry
leader
in
knowledge
representation,
reasoning,
and
acquisition.
He
has
pioneered
semantic
technology
and
industry
standards
for
rules,
the
combination
of
rules
with
ontologies,
the
applications
of
rules
in
e-‐commerce
and
policies,
and
the
acquisition
of
rules
and
ontologies
from
natural
language
(NL).
He
has
had
driving
roles
in
RuleML,
W3C
RIF
(Rule
Interchange
Format),
and
W3C
OWL-‐RL
(rule-‐based
ontologies).
He
led
the
invention
of
several
fundamental
technical
advances
in
knowledge
representation,
including
courteous
defeasibility,
restraint
bounded
rationality,
and
the
rule-‐based
technique,
which
rapidly
became
the
currently
dominant
approach
to
commercial
implementation
of
OWL.
He
has
extensive
experience
in
machine
learning,
probabilistic
reasoning,
and
user
interaction
design.
Dr.
Grosof
has
experience
applying
core
technology
for
knowledge,
reasoning,
and
related
HCI
in
a
wide
variety
of
application
areas,
including:
trust/privacy/security,
contracts,
compliance,
legal,
and
services
engineering;
financial/
insurance
services,
risk
management,and
regulations;
defense
and
national
intelligence;
biomedical
research;
and
data/
decision
analytics.
From
fall
2007
to
early
2013,
he
led
a
large
research
program
in
Artificial
Intelligence
(AI)
and
rule-‐based
semantic
technologies
at
Vulcan
Inc.
for
Paul
G.
Allen;
this
centered
around
the
SILK
system
for
highly
expressive,
yet
scalable,
rules.
Previously
he
was
an
IT
professor
at
MIT
Sloan
(2000-‐2007)
and
a
senior
software
scientist
at
IBM
Research
(1988-‐2000).
He
is
president
of
the
expert
consulting
firm
Benjamin
Grosof
&
Associates
founded
while
he
was
at
MIT,
and
co-‐founder
of
the
recent
start-‐up
Coherent
Knowledge
Systems.
His
background
includes
4
major
industry
software
releases,
2
years
in
software
startups,
a
Stanford
PhD
(Computer
Science),
a
Harvard
BA
(Applied
Mathematics),
2
patents,
and
over
50
refereed
publications.
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page vii
STIDS
2013
Keynote
Speaker:
November
14
Dr.
Jeffrey
Morrison
Exploring
the
role
of
Context
in
Applied
Decision
Making
Decision
makers
in
operational
environments
are
often
surprised
by
emerging
events
and
have
little
time
to
give
deep
consideration
to
alternative
courses
of
action
before
being
forced
to
make
a
decision.
Decision
support
has
evolved
over
the
last
20
years
but
even
today,
decision
support
tools
do
not
dynamically
adapt
to
a
decision
maker’s
context.
This
often
results
in
less
than
optimal
decision
making.
Recent
advances
in
the
fields
of
cognitive
science,
the
mathematics
of
decision
science,
human
behavioral
modeling,
team
decision
making,
knowledge
creation
and
transfer,
mental
model
processes,
semantic
techniques
and
human
factors
present
new
opportunities
to
create
decision
support
that
is
context
sensitive,
and
potentially,
proactive.
To
accomplish
this,
a
systematic
exploration
of
the
role
of
context
needs
to
be
studied
in
decision
support
systems
that
enable
operational
decision
making.
Decision
making
is
challenging
for
a
number
of
reasons.
Finding
and
integrating
decision-‐relevant
information
is
hard.
Context
is
often
absent,
implicit,
sparsely
or
poorly
represented
in
task
environments
requiring
its
laborious
and
error-‐prone
internal
reconstruction
by
decision
makers.
The
modern
pace
of
operations
often
means
that
warfighters
find
themselves
engaging
in
tasks
in
ways,
and
in
combinations,
for
which
they
hadn’t
planned,
and
for
which
they
may
not
be
prepared.
This
forces
decision
makers
to
multi-‐task
amongst
many
competing
and
often
conflicting
mission
objectives
concurrently.
Next
generation
decision
support
will
not
just
“get
the
decision
maker
in
the
ball
park”
but
will
be
proactive
in
trying
to
“keep
the
decision
maker
in
the
ball
park”
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page viii
throughout
the
process
despite
the
high
levels
of
uncertainty
and
highly
dynamic
environments.
At
the
center
of
this
new
research
initiative
is
the
idea
that
we
can
develop
technologies
that
are
contextually
aware
of
a
decision
makers’
missions
and
tasks.
It
is
asserted
that
algorithms
can
be
developed
that
effectively
anticipate
the
decision
and
information
needs
of
decision
makers,
in
many
kinds
of
task
environments.
Algorithms
would
then
enable
the
timely
presentation
of
information.
Enabling
machines
to
dynamically
model
and
share
context
with
the
human
decision
makers
will
be
key
to
enabling
Proactive
Decision
Support
(PDS).
Such
decision
support
will
enable
the
recognition
of
changes
in
the
environment
and
the
implications
for
shifting
priorities
for
decisions
that
could
address
operational
complexity
and
make
enable
decision
makers
to
make
more
optimal
decisions,
faster.
Biography:
Dr.
Jeffrey
Morrison
Dr.
Jeffrey
G.
Morrison
joined
ONR’s
Human
&
Bioengineered
Systems
Department
(341)
as
a
Program
Officer
in
January
2011
where
he
leads
the
Command
Decision
Making
(CDM)
program.
The
program
is
conducting
Basic
&
Applied
cognitive
science
research
for
application
to
individual
&
group
decision
making.
The
current
operational
focus
is
on
multi-‐echelon
Command
&
Control.
The
science
focus
is
on
developing
Proactive
Decision
Support
tools
(PDS)
that
are
aware
of
mission
and
tasks
context
as
well
as
the
facilitating
the
development
of
a
science
of
Context-‐Driven
Decision
Making
(CDDM).
Prior
to
coming
to
ONR,
Dr.
Morrison
was
an
Engineering
Psychologist
/
Cognitive
Scientist
with
the
Space
and
Naval
Warfare
Systems
Center
–
Pacific
(SSC
Pacific)
for
17
years.
He
was
most
recently
embedded
as
a
Navy
Scientist
with
the
Combating
Terrorism
Technical
Support
Office
(CTTSO)
where
he
served
as
Chief
Scientist
to
the
ASD
RDT&E
sponsored
Human
Social
Culture
and
Behavior
Modeling
Program
(HSCB).
During
2007-‐
2008,
Dr.
Morrison
was
detailed
to
the
Director
of
National
Intelligence
where
he
served
as
an
IARPA
Program
Manager
studying
the
analytic
process
and
the
potential
application
of
virtual
world
technologies
to
enable
it.
Dr.
Morrison
was
a
senior
scientist
supporting
several
DARPA
projects,
including
the
development
of
user-‐composable
automation
for
Maritime
Domain
Awareness
(FastC2AP),
Predictive
Analysis
for
Naval
Deployment
Activity
(PANDA),
and
the
Augmented
Cognition
program.
He
also
was
principle
investigator
for
numerous
ONR
sponsored
projects,
including:
Knowledge
Web
(K-‐Web),
and
Tactical
Decision
Making
Under
Stress
(TADMUS).
Dr
Morrison
has
been
the
recipient
of
numerous
professional
awards
including:
The
2005
Jerome
H
Ely
Award
for
Article
of
the
Year
in
the
Journal
of
Human
Factors;
the
2004
ONR
Arthur
E.
Bisson
Prize
for
Naval
Technology
Achievement;
and
the
American
Psychological
Association
-‐
Division
21,
George
E.
Briggs
Award
for
Original
Research.
STIDS 2013 Proceedings Page ix