Mismuseos.net: Art After Technology. Putting cultural data to work in a Linked Data platform Ricardo Alonso Maturana María Ortega Susana López-Sola GNOSS GNOSS* GNOSS* th *Piqueras 31, 4 floor mariaortega@gnoss.com susanalopez@gnoss.com E-26006 Logroño. La Rioja. Spain +34 941248905 María Elena Alvarado María José Ibáñez riam@gnoss.com GNOSS* GNOSS* elenaalvarado@gnoss.com mariajoseibanez@gnoss.com ABSTRACT documents written in HTML), to a Web of Data where data link Mismuseos.net shows a case of consumption and use of Linked and connect with other data [1], [2]. LOD contain a hidden graph, Data from museums and their valorisation in education, through made up of nodes (entities) and lines (relationships) with innovative end-user applications, like facet-based searches, enormous possibilities of discovering and knowledge. The semantic context creation and navigation through graphs, which software applications based on semantic web technologies allow improve user experience. The search engine enables aggregated computing those concealed relationships, and exposing the searches by different facets and summarization of results for each connexions that exist inside our collective memory graph (under successive search. The solution is built on GNOSS, a semantic some conditions). and social software platform. In particular, a museum –says Wikipedia- “is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of MisMuseos.net gathers museum metadata from multiple Spanish scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes Public Institutions, which includes seven Spanish Great Museums until now. It is a semantic Museum of Museums (a meta-museum) them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be where users can browse over 17,700 pieces of art and 2,700 permanent or temporary”.1 The more official definition given by artists. ICOM (International Council of Museums) includes the purposes of the museum: “A museum is a non-profit, permanent institution The project is a free access online solution available in the web in the service of society and its development, open to the public, address http://mismuseos.net. which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education, study and Categories and Subject Descriptors enjoyment. This definition is a reference in the international Information systems - Data management systems - Database community”.2 design and models - Graph-based database models What do we know about data contained in museums in relation to Information systems - Information retrieval - Document the consumption of those data? According to ICOM, The World representation – Ontologies Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries [3], taking as reference the directory Museum of the General Terms World published by De Gruyter Saur [4]. Nevertheless, the data of Algorithms, Documentation, Standardization, Languages. the museums are distributed in those museums and countries, and those data are not connected. Keywords The knowledge contained in these spaces, the relationships semantic solution, semantic end-user application, museums, between works, authors, and between them and their periods or education, linked data, cultural datasets, faceted searches, gnoss, styles, has been an issue that has occupied art historians, artists meta-museum, semantic web themselves and many teachers for a long time. Unfortunately, it is actually impracticable to know all the possible relationships among all those entities without semantic computing. With the 1. INTRODUCTION: DESCRIPTION information contained in the current formats of knowledge OF THE PROBLEM representation, we cannot do interesting uses utilizing the capacity Libraries, Archives and Museums (identified by the acronym of the machines. LAM) are the group of institutions that care for and preserve our culture. Therefore, they are the places of our collective memory, 1 being known as the Memory Institutions. As such, they Museum, entry in Wikipedia, available online: accumulate a huge amount of knowledge, contents and data. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum. [December 2013]. 2 When considering the potential of consuming and reuse LAM’s Museum definition according to the ICOM Statutes, adopted open content, it leads us to Linked Open Data (LOD). Linked during the 21st General Conference in Vienna, Austria, in 2007. Open Data make it possible to move from the current web of Available online: http://icom.museum/the-vision/museum- documents with hyperlinks between web pages (links in hypertext definition/ [December 2013]. In fact, the knowledge representation model used by archivists, 2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION librarians and curators has not foreseen the use of those resources beyond the professional needs of each group. As a consequence, 2.1 Goals ontologies are deeply focused in solving problems and satisfying The main goal of Mismuseos.net is to present a case of interest of these professional groups. On the other hand, there consumption of Linked Data from museums and their valorisation have been other groups, like researchers, teachers, business men, in education, through end-user applications. In more detail, the etc., who have valorised that kind of contents for other purposes, project is guided by the following specific goals: for instance educational or touristic ones. • To put data to work: consume public datasets and Up till now, human intelligence has been what puts into contact information on museums to generate benefits for users and entities with entities, generating interpretations and knowledge. improve the user’s experience. But now Linked Data expresses the mechanical possibilities of discovering knowledge related to almost every domain of human • To link datasets both to enrich content and generate accurate interest and let us amplify our faculties for understanding. contexts of information. Putting together all the resources of all museums would • To clean up, curate, unify, extend and hybridize data into a previously require that each work and each author had an URI, knowledge domain. and therefore a unified and specialized underlying graph is • To express all the data through a unified graph in the context required. If we could have it, we could make explicit all possible of a specialized Micro Linked Data Cloud for culture and relationships between all entities. education (see Figure 1). So, the first part of the problem consists of building a Museums • To connect cultural and educational worlds in knowledge Micro Cloud of Linked, Clean and Curated Data with an ecosystem through the development of Hybrid or Extended underlying Specialized and Unified Graph. Ontologies thought for that purpose. Secondly, we wanted to connect cultural and educational worlds in a knowledge ecosystem. In other words, we wanted to valorise cultural information of our cultural heritage for educational purposes. If we want to make that kind of Micro Clouds by using only ontologies and vocabularies that mimic the knowledge representation models of archivists, curators, etc., that aim is unachievable. This poses a particular problem of ontological engineering that we have addressed: the problem of building Hybrid Ontologies or extended ontologies; the problem of which is the method for doing that from a universal point of view and, at last, the problem of which is the nature of them. Our project shows the way for overcoming the challenge of linking the resources of different museums, by making real that Figure 1. Specialized Micro Linked Data Cloud for culture possibility for a group of Spanish Greatest Museums. We present and education a working solution (a final solution, not a prototype) that is open Mismuseos.net structures, organizes and makes available to you, access. in accordance with the principles promoted by the Linking Open MisMuseos.net gathers museum metadata from multiple Spanish Data Project, an extensive catalogue of artworks that museums public institutions. It is a semantic museum of museums where publish on the Web. Moreover, it links the catalogue with other users can browse over 17,700 pieces of art and 2,700 artists. We existing LOD educational knowledge bases allowing the currently have a collection of seven Spanish Great Museums (a generation of educational contexts related to cultural goods. meta-museum): Museo del Prado, Biblioteca Nacional de España Escolar (School National Spanish Library), Museo Reina Sofía, 2.2 Motivation Museo Bellas Artes de Bilbao, Museo Sorolla, Museo de la The solution has been designed with an important focus in Fundación Lázaro Galdiano and Museo del Greco. It works education. Although it is also applicable across multiple domains, according to the standards of the Semantic Web and the principles a specific target group is the educational community (teachers, of the Linked Open Data Web. professor, students, scholars…) as this project connects cultural Mismuseos.net obtains the information about cultural goods from and educational worlds by offering educational content related to the Europeana dataset and the online collections of public Spanish artworks and artist through the linking of their data. museums. It also extracts and links data from additional datasets Mismuseos.net can also have a direct use by professionals in the of the LOD cloud, either to supplement information or to generate cultural area and ‘museum consumers’, such as museum curators, enriched contexts: Dbpedia, Geonames and Didactalia (a GNOSS museum workers, researchers, visitors or just people interested in project with an index of over 56,000 open educational resources). art that want to find information about museums, artworks and artists. If we focus again in the use of Mismuseos.net with and educational sense, Mismuseos.net introduces elements of innovation in education. Faceted search applied to cultural goods, such as the ones offered 2.3 Datasets used: Europeana (CER.ES by a museum, can be used as a learning tool, since this type of search allow people to develop skills of exploration and collection), Dbpedia, Geonames and Didactalia discovery, while giving information about the results with (GNOSS) refinement options (only filtering options with possible results are Mismuseos.net uses several datasets and sources of information: shown). Then, if we look for Velázquez’s paintings in MisMuseos.net, the refinement options offered by the facets will • Europeana dataset [5], specifically the data from the CER.ES show us that he was a painter of the seventeenth century and collection;3 the online collections of public Spanish Baroque style. Museums; and primary databases provided by certain institutions (Fundación Lázaro Galdiano and National Moreover, as explained above, MisMuseos.net uses the linking Spanish Library). These data were used in order to obtain the data possibilities of the semantic web to connect cultural content information about cultural goods (pieces of art and museum with related educational resources, which are presented as context information basically). information. • Dbpedia [6], used to supplement the information about the In addition, showing the results and contexts of a query in very author, such as biography or dates of birth and death, and specialized ways can be itself a formative or educational tool. extract information about the location of authors and Now, we can in some cases search on a map, but in the future the museums. solution would allow doing that on timelines and other ways of presentation. For example, we could see ‘Las Meninas’ by • Geonames [7], in order to obtain the geolocation data of Velázquez, together with some contemporary works and, besides, artists and museums, once we have obtained the names of the we could present these results on a timeline or on a map. In this places from the primary source or from Dbpedia. This last case, we could see the centres of art production in this period. information will be used in the future to locate entities in a Eventually, we could present the artistic style of the pieces of art map view. on a map too, so that we could see the connection and transitions • Didactalia (www.didactalia.net), an index of over 56,000 among them. Another possibility would be browsing through the educational resources on the semantic and social platform authors’ graph. For instance, we could see the contemporary gnoss.com, linked to the museum’s data to provide users artists of Velázquez, where they were painting, in which styles and techniques, and so on. with related educational content. In conclusion, the connection between specialized fields of The museums included until now are the following ones: Museo knowledge has not only an ontological solution, but also a del Prado, Biblioteca Nacional de España Escolar (School solution based on the way the results are shown. National Spanish Library), Museo Reina Sofía, Museo Bellas Artes de Bilbao, Museo Sorolla, Museo de la Fundación Lázaro An ontological solution could be necessary for establishing the Galdiano and Museo del Greco. use of the results in terms of curricula, academic level, skills, subjects and this kind of didactic and pedagogic considerations. To sum up the process, we have followed the next basic steps to But navigating through a knowledge graph could be itself an create the Linked Data catalogue ‘MisMuseos’: educational experience. 1. We have obtained primary information of artworks and Other direct advances or benefits for the educational and cultural museum as explained above. community could come from: 2. The primary information has been enriched, cleaned-up, • Extending the cultural graph with additional contexts through normalized and extended when necessary. This phase has the connection to other cultural heritage resources of libraries several points of interest from the end-user perspective. First, and archives. it allows us to show extended information about artists and • Offering a semantic web publishing service to serve museums directly in their corresponding web pages. customized semantic web pages with selected data coming Secondly, it widens the potential of linking data to generate from mismuseos.net. significant related content or recommendations, for instance, contemporary artists, artists of the same artistic style, • Providing linked data or semantic contexts to third parties, recommended museums, etc. Thirdly, it can contribute to the putting your cultural information inside new platforms and future generation of new ways of visualizing data and spaces. presenting results, for example in maps or timelines. Other potential advances could be: 3. We have published the data in the online space of the project • Developing personalized cultural/educational assistants on the gnoss.com platform, so that we can consume the data depending on the user preferences. and set up the end-user applications. • Offering varied levels of specialized information using different views and searching tools for every kind of user, 2.4 Presentation of the solution: general from kids and teachers to researchers; navigation in MisMuseos • Promoting the development of new applications for your We have prepared a general navigation through tabs that includes exposed linked data, from games to digital books. a homepage with content selection, a tab for the collection (pieces 3 CER.ES is the Digital Network of Collections of Spanish Museums: http://ceres.mcu.es. of art) and another one for artists (see Figure 2). In the future, we will also include a tab for museums. Figure 3. Html and RDF of a resource on MisMuseos.net 2.5.2 Faceted Searches The usual search experience based on a text box to search, offers a list of results sorted by a theoretical relevance, which, in general, satisfies the user expectations. However, there are cases in which this operation is insufficient, often in searches of much value in Figure 2. MisMuseos.net homepage specific environments (catalogues, business environments). What The previous entities (pieces of art, artists and museums) are happens if the user does not know exactly what he is looking for? represented on the platform with their specific ontologies thanks What tools does the user have to refine his search? to the Semantic Content Management System of GNOSS using In recent years, the convergence of studies in the areas of standard vocabularies if available. Information Retrieval (IR) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has generated a specific study area, Human-Computer 2.5 Technology and featured applications Information Retrieval (HCIR) [8]. It deals with information The solution has been developed on gnoss.com, a social and retrieval techniques that introduce human intelligence in the semantic platform with a deep focus on the generation of social search process. Some of the ideas generated, which are already knowledge ecosystems and end-user applications in a Linked Data being applied in the most advanced search engines, are: environment. It includes faceted searches, recommendation • Give responsibility and control on the search to the person. It systems and adapted contexts in education, university and takes effort, but the person will be rewarded. enterprises. GNOSS could be conceived as a network of networks or a linked networks space oriented to using semantic • Not guess the intentions, but improve communication. technologies for data and service integration. Moreover, it has a • Support refinement and exploration. wide range of configurable social tools, which have been mostly deactivated in the case of Mismuseos.net. • Reply to a set of orderly and adequate results, which includes offering different presentation modes depending on the type The featured applications in Mismuseos.net are: semantic content of results: lists, mosaics, maps, timelines, etc. management system (SemCMS), faceted searches, contexts of significant information and semantic dynamic publishing. • Extend the results and information with contexts, which are, in turn, results from other searches. 2.5.1 Semantic Content Management System One of the concrete proposals is the use of faceted search engines (SemCMS) as interface. Web sites like Amazon or eBay have been pioneers GNOSS has an engine for developing specific ontologies to in the use of this type of interface. For its part, Google has represent knowledge objects, and, as a consequence, specific introduced faceted search engines in specific areas, such as search engines if necessary. GNOSS SemCMS allows uploading recipes or travel, but without summarization. an OWL file describing the concepts and relations within a particular knowledge domain, and it generates a semantic form Following this approach, MisMuseos.net presents a faceted search with all the classes and properties represented in the OWL file. engine based on the use of semantic web standards, given the This semantic form includes also edition tools, in case data should greater expressiveness and extensibility of the data provided by be modified directly in the platform. The presentation and edition those standards, and that they help to build more powerful, pages can be personalized. flexible and evolutionary search systems for human beings. MisMuseos.net makes use of the GNOSS SemCMS to express the The faceted search engine of Mismuseos.net has been generated ontologies for artworks, artists and museums. So, all the by its semantic graphs (RDF triplets); and it makes use of these information in Mismuseos.net is available in RDF files (machine graphs through reasoned or inference-based searches. It provides readable), as well as in the usual HTML format (for end-users). specific configurable facets for each item type. For instance, in the See Figure 3. case of pieces of art, users can search by facets such as collection type (sculpture, drawing, painting, etc.), museum, key words, author, time period, art techniques, etc (see Figure 4). combining search options that return no results is a common defect of some search engines. The faceted search system of MisMuseos.net offers exploration and discovery capability and can support the individual reasoning of users, without need for previous administration of all routes to reach content. 2.5.3 Contexts or related information: enriched content and navigation through graphs One of the benefits that arise when machines understand the content and digital resources represented in accordance with the semantic web standards, is the potential to link data and generate meaningful contexts for given information. In MisMuseos.net we have taken advantage of this possibility to enrich the content and link educational content dynamically. We have set several contexts depending on the object or entity that the user is viewing, which offer dynamically generated content: 1. Contexts for the entity ‘piece of art’: related works by the same artist and artworks within the same particular time period, artist information and related educational resources of Didactalia. For example, if you are visiting the painting ‘The Surrender of Figure 4. Faceted searches in MisMuseos.net Breda’ (also known as ‘Las Lanzas’) by Velázquez (see Figure The search engine of Mismuseos.net meets the characteristics of 5),7 in addition to all the details of the painting, you can access faceted search engines: extra information within MisMuseos collection: other works by Velázquez, like ‘Felipe IV’ or ‘Las Meninas’; works in the same • Each possible value of a property can be an option of period of time like ‘The Rape of Proserpina’ by Rubens and his refining the search. By selecting a search option, it allows workshop; connection to the Velázquez page in MisMuseos, or you to filter the results in consecutive searchers, and linked educational resources from Didactalia.net. Also, the tags of therefore restrict the results to a manageable number of the resource are linked to Dbpedia entries, so in this example you entries. For example, once you have searched for artworks on can read information about the city of Breda. horses,4 you have a list of artistic styles. Choosing one of them, Baroque,5 33 paintings would be obtained. Among these results, we note that one of the authors is Velázquez, which takes us to 3 paintings:6 recall and precision. • It offers summarization of the results, based on properties that specifically characterize the results shown, so that users can better understand how the results relate to all search facets. For example, if it is showing pieces of art, the properties could be author, museum, period of time, style, school, artistic technique, etc. The values are recalculated for every set of results in aggregated searches. • The refinement options offer only possible results, avoiding incoherent search options. In the above example, you cannot choose Goya as author, as none of his works corresponds to the Baroque style. The possibility of 4 See the search example for horse (‘caballo’ in Spanish) in: http://mismuseos.net/comunidad/museos/Colección?search=cab allo. 5 See the filtered search results for this example, Baroque (‘Barroco’ in Spanish) in: http://mismuseos.net/comunidad/museos/Colección?search=cab allos&dbpedia-owl:movement=barroco. 6 Figure 5. Contexts for ‘piece of art’ See the filtered search example in: http://mismuseos.net/comunidad/museos/Colección?search=cab 7 allo&dbpedia- Resource available online in: owl:movement=barroco&dce:creator@@@foaf:name=velázque http://mismuseos.net/comunidad/museos/recurso/la-rendicion- z,%20diego%20rodríguez%20de%20silva%20y. de-breda-o-las-lanzas/5385c9fe-b140-4684-9795-29775f8e4b32 2. Contexts for the entity ‘artist’: artworks of the artist, In addition, other vocabularies were included for representing the contemporary artists, related paper toys and educational resources extended information and/or correlating datasets, for instance of Didactalia. SIOC (Semantically Interlinked Online Communities) [12], SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) [13], DBPROP [14] or If you go on browsing through Velázquez and go to the author's GN (Geonames) [15]. website in MisMuseos.net, besides the basic information of Velázquez, you can follow his works (Las Lanzas, Mercurio and Performance Argos, Mariana de Austria, etc.) and know what other artists painted at that time, like Rubens. Users can also download the The system runs stable and is scalable; it has a fast response time Velázquez paper toy, or enter educational resources from even with increasing user or content data. The precision and recall Didactalia, like one to study the Fibonacci sequence through the value of our facets interface is 1. When the number of results is paintings of Velazquez. too large to show all of them to the user in each facet (the interface and the user have a limited capacity), we restrict the results on the presentation view, so that depending on the facet, 2.5.4 Semantic Dynamic Publishing we show a limited list (tags), a navigable tree (thesaurus) or a list Mismuseos.net offers the possibility of serving subsets of its data of ranges (number of comments). in other web pages with their own design and way of presentation. This makes it possible, for example, the creation of a particular Mismuseos.net has an average of 9,000 visits per month and the web for a specific museum only with its artworks (see Figure 6 scalability can be checked through other projects running on our with the example of the catalogue of the museum Fundación technology and much larger than MisMuseos.net. For example, Lázaro Galdiano), or a thematic virtual museum, like Picasso www.didactalia.net serves up to 40,000 daily unique visits, or Museum, regardless the museum that owns or exhibits the www.researchgroups.gnoss.com has over 2 million scientific artworks. publications in IT and a social graph of almost 500,000 authors. We use several solutions to deal with increasing numbers of users and data. First, we horizontally scale our web and data servers, without going offline. Second, we distribute our data in many data servers, even dedicating one data server for just one graph, if necessary. Finally, we use cache systems to serve as fast as possible frequents queries, and pre-generated HTML code. Usability The application has been built considering general principles of web usability, such as the ones related to web structure and navigation, clear URLs, issues related to identity and information, searches, multimedia elements, web design, or compatibility in different browsers, among others. We have taken special care for the look & feel to present the information in a very attractive end Figure 6. Semantic Dynamic Publishing example: collection of user interface. We have paid special attention to how a faceted Fundación Lázaro Galdiano search should work from an intuitive point of view, and how contexts should be presented from an educational perspective. 3. PERFORMANCE AND USE Data usage and quality 4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We have linked four data sources from the LOD cloud We have presented the solution Mimuseos.net, a use case of (Europeana, Dbpedia, Geonames and Didactalia); as well as other consumption of cultural Linked Open Data in the LAM sector data sources that correspond to specific museums. The detail of (Libraries, Archives and Museums). More specifically the the data sources is described in section 2.3. solution uses museum data and revalorizes them for education. We have built a digital meta-museum (museum of museums) with We have reused the datasets of Europeana (CER.ES collection) in 17,700 artworks and 2,700 artists from seven Great Spanish the case of the following museums: Museo Sorolla and Museo del Museums, such as Museo del Prado or Museo Reina Sofía, among Greco. Nevertheless, we have not simply included those data, but others. Mismuseos.net is an open software solution with end-user also enriched them with additional information. applications where visitors can find and explore information about artworks and artists through faceted searches; and also discover We have created new datasets for some museums. In some cases related information through semantic dynamic contexts: related we obtained the primary information from the public information artworks and artists, extended information about the authors and published in the web pages of the corresponding museums educational resources. The solution, built on the platform (Museo del Prado, Museo Reina Sofía, and Museo Bellas Artes de GNOSS, works according to the standards of the Semantic Web Bilbao). In other cases, the information was provided directly by and the principles of LOD. the organization that owned the data (Museo de la Fundación Lázaro Galdiano and National Spanish Library). We have faced some challenges in this project. Our proposal consists of building a Museums Micro Cloud of Linked, Clean We represented the artworks and artists on the platform with their and Curated Data with an underlying Specialized and Unified specific ontologies thanks to the semantic CMS of GNOSS Graph; and secondly, in connecting cultural and educational following standard ontologies and vocabularies: CIDOC [9], worlds in a knowledge ecosystem. This poses a particular problem FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend) [10] and DC (Dublin Core) [11]. of ontological engineering that we have addressed: the problem of building Hybrid Ontologies or extended ontologies. The second challenge has been generating a scalable graph that [4] Museums of the World. 2012. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter can potentially integrate any Museum. Until now, Mismuseos.net Saur. Berlin, Boston, 2012. ISBN: 978-3-11-027409-7. includes a graph based on data from seven Spanish Great Retrieved 16 Dec. 2013, from Museums; nevertheless the project is scalable to extend the http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/180440 collection with additional museums. [5] Haslhofer, B., Isaac, A. data.europeana.eu. The Europeana Thirdly, the datasets and data contained in them must be Linked Open Data Pilot, Proceedings of the International maintained. Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications 2011, 94-104. Available at: Once the data were available for consumption in the platform, we http://dcevents.dublincore.org/index.php/IntConf/dc- wanted to develop uses and presentation of those data appropriate 2011/paper/view/55 to each environment or user group. First, we have done it for visitors of Mismuseos.net. Then, we have prepared an example for [6] Lehmann, J., Isele, R., Jakob, J., Jentzsch, A., Kontokostas, the visitors of a specific museum, Museo de la Fundación Lázaro D., Mendes, P. N., Hellmann, S., Morsey, M., van Kleef, P. Galdiano, which generates a view with the subset of its data and a Auer, S., and Bizer, C. DBpedia – A Large-scale, customized presentation (Semantic Dynamic Publishing). Multilingual Knowledge Base Extracted from Wikipedia. Semantic Web Journal, 2014 (submitted). Preprint version Finally, one of the main focuses of the project was connecting available at: cultural and educational worlds. Thus, we have linked http://svn.aksw.org/papers/2013/SWJ_DBpedia/public.pdf Mismuseos.net data with educational resources data from [7] Geonames: http://www.geonames.org/ [Citation in December Didactalia (a GNOSS project with an index of over 56,000 open 2013]. educational resources). This relationship is shown to the user as contexts for information in both directions: when a user is visiting [8] Marchionini, G. (2006). Toward Human-Computer content in Mismuseos.net, he can find related educational Information Retrieval Bulletin, Bulletin of the American resources from Didactalia, and from Didactalia resources he can Society for Information Science. June/July 2006. Available see significant artworks coming from Mismuseos.net. at: http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Jun-06/marchionini.html [Citation in December 2013]. The evolution of the project would address some next steps. Mismuseos.net is a Spanish project, but we would like to develop [9] CIDOC-CRM, CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model: the multilingual navigation and, as a consequence, the potential http://cidoc-crm.org/ uses of the solution could aspire to international reach. [10] FOAF Vocabulary specification: http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/ Furthermore, we could also expand the collections with more [11] Dublin Core terms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ museums and galleries enlarging the unified graph of the meta- museum. [12] SIOC Core Ontology Specification: http://rdfs.org/sioc/spec/ Links to the project [13] SKOS namespace: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# The solution is available in www.mismuseos.net. [14] Dbpedia ontology: http://dbpedia.org/Ontology [15] Geonames ontology: http://www.geonames.org/ontology Some videos about MisMuseos project are also available: a presentation video (http://youtu.be/ESXjohOQNrA) and a video [16] Edelstein, J., Galla, L., Li-Madeo, C., Marden, J., Rhonemus, showing the navigation through the solution A., Whysel, N., 2013: Linked Open Data for Cultural (http://youtu.be/l9QAYkda-io). Heritage: Evolution of an Information Technology. Spring 2013. URL: http://www.whysel.com/papers/LIS670-Linked- 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Open-Data-for-Cultural-Heritage.pdf Fundación Lázaro Galdiano and Biblioteca Nacional de España [17] Damova, M., Dannells, D., Reason-able View of Linked (National Spanish Library) for their kindly collaboration and for Data for Cultural Heritage, Third International Conference providing primary data. on Software, Services and Semantic Technologies, S3T, 2011. 6. REFERENCES URL: http://www.ontotext.com/sites/default/files/publication s/S3T-MuseumreasonableView_v7_cameraReady-30Jun.pdf [1] Taibi, Bauer, F.; Kaltenböck, M. 2012. Linked Open Data: The Essentials. A Quick Start Guide for Decision Makers. [18] de Boer, V., Wielemaker, J., van Gent, J., Hildebrand, Edition Mono/monochrom, Vienna, Austria. ISBN: 978-3- M., Isaac, A., van Ossenbruggen, J., Schreiber, G., 902796-05-09. Supporting Linked Data Production for Cultural Heritage institutes: The Amsterdam Museum Case Study, in The [2] Bizer, C.; Heath, T.; Berners-Lee, T. 2009. 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