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  <front>
    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Computational Approaches to Connecting Levels of Analysis in Networked Learning Communities</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>H. Ulrich Hoppe</string-name>
          <email>hoppe@collide.info</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Daniel D. Suthers</string-name>
          <email>suthers@hawaii.edu</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>University of Duisburg-Essen</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>(Germany), +49 203 379 3553</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>University of Hawai'i at Manoa</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Honolulu (USA), +1 808 956-3890</addr-line>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <abstract>
        <p>The focus of this workshop is on the potential benefits and challenges of using specific computational methods to analyze interactions in networked learning environments, particularly with respect to integrating multiple analytic approaches towards understanding learning at multiple levels of agency, from individual to collective. The workshop is designed for researchers interested in analytical studies of collaborative and networked learning in socio-technical networks, using data-intensive computational methods of analysis (including social-network analysis, log-file analysis, information extraction and data mining). The workshop may also be of interest to pedagogical professionals and educational decision makers who want to evaluate the potential of learning analytics techniques to better inform their decisions regarding learning in technology-rich environments.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>eol&gt;Computational interaction analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>levels of analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>networked learning</kwd>
        <kwd>CSCL</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>1. BACKGROUND</title>
      <p>
        This workshop continues the themes of “connecting levels” and
“multivocality” that have characterized two series of workshops at
several conferences (ARV, CSCL, ICLS, LAK). We have taken a
multi-disciplinary perspective on learning as involving the agency
of individuals, groups and communities, and sought to understand
learning across these levels by integrating multiple methods and
granularities of analysis (cf. [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7 ref8">7, 8</xref>
        ]).
      </p>
      <p>
        The workshop for LAK 2014 focuses on specific computational
methods and their potential for analyzing interactions in
networked learning communities from different perspectives.
Social network analysis (SNA, cf. [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">10</xref>
        ]) is an approach that has
been used in studying networked learning in the past (e.g., [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1 ref2 ref3">1, 2,
3</xref>
        ]), and it is still of interest. However, we are particularly
interested in new methods and new combinations of different
analysis techniques and computational approaches. Martinez et al.
[
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>
        ] provide an example of such a mixed method approach,
coordinating SNA with other qualitative and quantitative analysis
methods in a study of participatory aspects of learning in CSCL
contexts. Further work in automating such approaches and
exploring the complementarities of different data sources and
analytic approaches is needed.
SNA has been criticized for eliminating time from the results of
an analysis in that it aggregates data over certain time intervals
without being able to show time-dependent patterns. This can be
partially overcome by using time series of networks. Yet, Zeini et
al. have shown that also the choice of measurement intervals has
systematic effects on the resulting networks [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">11</xref>
        ]. On the other
hand, there are analytic methods, such as process mining, that are
particularly geared to extracting procedural patterns from
interaction data [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">5</xref>
        ]. Another group of methods deals with
extracting content information from (textual) artifacts, using both
“shallow” and “deep” linguistic techniques. At this point, we do
not expect any one of these methods to be sufficient alone or to
succeed on a purely technical level. We would rather favor a
triangulation approach in which several methods are applied to
the same data sources and are interpreted in conjunction with each
other and theoretical considerations.
      </p>
      <p>
        Although the workshop is focused on (new) computational
methods or new applications of such methods, we are also
interested in discussing computational approaches in a conceptual
and/or theoretical context. In this perspective, Suthers et al. [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6 ref9">6,9</xref>
        ]
have developed a rich contextual framework to interpret
collaborative interactions, introducing certain steps of
interpretation and addressing different levels of granularity using
concepts such as “contingencies” and “uptake” (as relations
between actions or contributions). It is of particular interest to
further automate the application of such interpretation schemes.
Given these premises, we have invited contributions guided by the
following questions:
      </p>
      <p>How to detect emergent phenomena and patterns in traces of
collective/collaborative learning activities by using a
plurality of computational methods? How do we interconnect
these methods?
What practical techniques such as different types of
triangulation or visualization can help to connect different
levels and approaches of analysis?
How can we integrate SNA with content analysis methods
(including LDA, LSA, Network Text Analysis) and with the
detection of interaction patterns?
How can conceptually/theoretically grounded interpretation
schemes for collaborative activities be adequately
operationalized and automated?
What are the prospects of technical integration of analysis
tools through a kind of “open analysis workbench” (open
architecture, GUI metaphors).
The workshop includes a mixture of presentations, interactive
demos, and group discussions. The following contributions will
be presented in the workshop:
Daniel Suthers and Nathan Dwyer: Multilevel Analysis of Uptake,
Sessions, and Key Actors in a Socio-Technical Network
Agathe Merceron: Connecting Analysis of Speech Acts and
Performance Analysis - An Initial Study
Hiroaki Ogata, Songran Liu and Kousuke Mouri: Ubiquitous
Learning Analytics Using Learning Logs
Hiroaki Ogata: Supporting Science Communication in a Museum
using Ubiquitous Learning Logs
Tilman Göhnert, Sabrina Ziebarth, Per Verheyen, and H. Ulrich
Hoppe: Integration of a Flexible Analytics Workbench with a
Learning Platform for Medical Specialty Training
H. Ulrich Hoppe, Tilman Göhnert, Laura Steinert, and
Christopher Charles: A Web-based Tool for Communication Flow
Analysis of Online Chats
Wanli Xing and Sean Goggins: Automated CSCL Group
Assessment: Activity Theory based Clustering Method
Cindy Hmelo-Silver, Carolyn Rosé, and Jeff Levy: Fostering a
Learning Community in MOOCs</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>3. WORKSHOP FACILITATORS</title>
      <sec id="sec-2-1">
        <title>Ulrich Hoppe</title>
        <p>H. Ulrich Hoppe holds a full professorship for “Cooperative and
Learning Support Systems” in the Department of Computer
Science and Applied Cognitive Science at the University of
Duisburg-Essen, Germany. With his research group COLLIDE,
Ulrich Hoppe has been engaged in several European projects in
the area of advanced computational technologies in education
since 1998. Ulrich Hoppe has been program chair of AIED and
CSCL 2003, ICCE 2007 and CRIWG 2012. His current research
interests include: interactive and collaborative media for learning
and knowledge construction; analysis, modelling, and intelligent
support of interactive and collaborative learning processes; social
network analysis and community support.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-2-2">
        <title>Dan Suthers</title>
        <p>Daniel D. Suthers is Professor in the Department of Information
and Computer Sciences at the University of Hawai`i at Manoa,
where he directs the Laboratory for Interactive Learning
Technologies. Dr. Suthers’ research is generally concerned with
cognitive, social and computational perspectives on designing and
evaluating software for learning, collaboration, and community.
Dr. Suthers initiated and chaired a series of five workshops on
Productive Multivocality in Analysis of Collaborative Learning,
involving dozens of researchers in a long term collaboration
leading to a book in press. Subsequently he led workshops on
Connecting Levels of Analysis at the CSCL 2011 and 2013 and
LAK 2012 conferences. He has also served as program chair for
LAK, ICCE, and two CSCL conferences, and has had steering
committee roles (e.g., workshop chair, interactive events chair) for
numerous other conferences.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-2-3">
        <title>Committee</title>
        <p>x Tilman Göhnert, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
x Sean Goggins, Drexel University, USA
x Vanda Luego, Université Joseph Fourier, France
x Agathe Merceron, Beuth University of Applied Sciences,</p>
        <p>Germany
x Hiroaki Ogata, Kyushu University, Japan
x John Stamper, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
x Chris Teplovs, Problemshift Inc., Canada</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
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