In our paper we discuss basic objectives, methods and results of the implementation of metadata harvesting from the journal Agris on-line. The international journal Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics is a scholarly open reviewed scientific journal, which is published quarterly by the Faculty of Economics and Management at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CULS). The metadata format used is the Dublin Core metadata standard. For metadata harvesting from the Agris on-line repository we use the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting standard, version 2.0. Creators and administrators of the Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics used their own solution for metadata storage and services for the metadata harvesting. The solution is opened to other repositories of the CULS.
The number of publications made freely accessible on the Web by institutions
joined in Open Archive Initiatives such as libraries, research institutions, scientific
and cultural archives, has been constantly growing
Some institutions build central metadata repositories (archives). Those larger
repositories are filled from other smaller archives. The smaller archives and the
central larger repository must provide some tools (applications) for automatic
metadata harvesting. The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
(OAI-PMH) has found widespread adoption for exchanging metadata from agrarian
sector
Commercial search engines have started using OAI-PMH to acquire more
resources, too. Google is using OAI-PMH to harvest information from the National
Library of Australia Digital Object Repository. In 2004, Yahoo! acquired content
from OAIster (University of Michigan) that was obtained through metadata
harvesting with OAI-PMH. NASA's Mercury: Metadata Search System uses
OAIPMH to index thousands of metadata records from Global Change Master Directory
(GCMD) everyday
The international journal AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics is a scholarly open access, blind peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, and fully reviewed scientific journal. The journal is published quarterly by the Faculty of Economics and Management at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CULS). AGRIS online Papers in Economics and Informatics covers all areas of agriculture and rural development: agricultural economics, management, agribusiness, agrarian policy, information and communication technologies, information systems, e-business, social economy and rural sociology. The journal provides a leading forum for an interaction and research on the above-mentioned topics of interest. The journal serves as a valuable resource for academics, policy makers and managers seeking up-to-date research on all areas of the subject.
The papers, which are to be published in Agris on-line Papers of Economics and Informatics, will be revised by the executive editor and the chief editor before being sent to two reviewers. The reviewers propose one of four recommendations: 1. accepted without revision 2. minor revision + comments 3. major revision + comments 4. reject + comments
Revised papers are checked by the executive again (to check whether the authors had revised their papers). All the accepted papers are checked by a member of the Editorial Board before publishing. In total they are reviewed by 5 people before being published:
2. chief editor 3. the first reviewer 4. the second reviewer 5. editorial board member
There are more than sixty scholarly papers in pdf format in the journal repository and papers are - as mentioned above - inserted to the repository quarterly. The journal is available at http://online.agris.cz.
There are two requirements for the successful integration of the content of the repository.
1.
The content of the journal repository must be described via metadata, because only metadata can present the basic content of each paper relevantly.
2. The journal repository must support the system for metadata harvesting.
A typical metadata harvesting approach using OAI-PMH (The Open Archives
Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) provides an application-independent
interoperability framework based on metadata harvesting
A resource is the object or "stuff" that metadata is "about". The nature of the resource, whether it is physical or digital or stored in the repository or is a constituent of another database, is outside the scope of the OAI-PMH. An item is a constituent of a repository from which metadata about a resource can be disseminated. The metadata may be disseminated on the fly from the associated resource, transferred from any canonical form, actually stored in the repository, etc. A record is metadata in a specific metadata format. The record is returned as an XML-encoded byte stream in the response to the protocol request to disseminate a specific metadata format from a constituent item (Open Archive Initiative, 2008).
A harvester is a client application that issues OAI-PMH requests. The harvester is operated by a Service Provider as a means of collecting metadata from the journal repository. The journal repository is a network accessible server that can process the 6 OAI-PMH requests and the journal repository is managed by a Data Provider to expose metadata to harvesters. The operator of the Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics repository is within Data Provider role.
The OAI-PMH solution will be opened and available to other repositories of the CULS with scholarly content.
The journal repository uses for metadata basic Dublin Core standard which includes 15 recommended elements (Dublic Core Metadata Initiative, 2010). However the repository does not use all fifteen elements but thirteen only. The list of all the used elements is as follows: 1. Coverage 2. Creator 3. Date (YYYY-MM-DD) 4. Descriptor 5. Format 6. Identifier 7. Language 8. Publisher 9. Right 10. Source 11. Subject 12. Title 13. Type
Creators and administrators of the Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics used their own solution for metadata storage and service for metadata harvesting. The solution provides metadata for all the OAI-PMH requests: 1. Identify – this verb is used to retrieve information about the Agris on-line repository. 2. ListMetadataformats – this verb is used to retrieve the metadata formats available from the Agris on-line repository. 3. ListSets – this verb is used to retrieve the set structure of the Agris online repository. 4. ListIdentifiers – this verb is an abbreviated form of ListRecords, retrieving only the headers of the records. 5. ListRecords – This verb is used to harvest records from the Agris on-line repository. 6. GetRecord – this verb is used to retrieve an individual metadata record from the Agris on-line repository. Service Provider repository and application metadata (XML) requests (http)
Identify ListMetadataformats
ListSets ListIdentifiers ListRecords GetRecord
Local metadata library and application
Agris on-line
repository Other repositories of the CULS
During the analysis of a possible OAI-PMH implementation it was found that it is not possible to use an open source solution such as DSpace or Drupal. DSpace is a perfect software of choice for academic, non-profit, and commercial organizations building open digital repositories. It is free, easy to install and completely customizable to fit the needs of any organization. But the technical environment at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague does not support the technical platform DSpace Software needs, especially databases. This is the main reason why we created our own solution for metadata harvesting.
Creators and administrators of Agris on-line wanted to prepare a general solution, which would be usable for other repositories of the CULS. They have prepared a local metadata library where metadata from Agris on-line are archived. There are services for synchronizing of metadata between the local metadata library and Agris on-line repository or another university repository. The application of local metadata library supports the OAI-PMH version 2.0 as a means of exposing metadata.
Archived metadata are classified into sets. The specification of the set for the electronic scientific journal is oai:aol and its name is Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"> <responseDate>2011-04-20T10:55:46Z</responseDate> <request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:oai.agris.cz/?id=2"
metadataPrefix="oai_dc">http://oai.agris.cz</request> <GetRecord> <record> <header> <identifier>oai:oai.agris.cz/2</identifier> <datestamp>2009-09-30T00:00:00Z </datestamp> <setSpec>oai:aol</setSpec> </header> <metadata> <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> <dc:title>Cash flow as an important solvency determinant of agricultural enterprises in the Slovak Republic</dc:title> <dc:creator>Gurčík, L.</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Miklovičová, J.</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Miklovičová, S.</dc:creator> <dc:subject>Agricultural enterprises</dc:subject> <dc:subject>cash flow analysis</dc:subject> <dc:subject>net cash flow</dc:subject> <dc:subject>balance composition of cash flow</dc:subject> <dc:desription>In this paper deals with the cash flow analysis in agricultural companies in particular regions of the Slovak Republic. At present, from a company’s point of view it is not so important to reach a profit but to have a sufficient cash to keep solvency. On base of column and balance cash flow composition we determine in which areas agricultural companies invested money and what sources they used to finance their activities.</dc:description> <dc:publisher>Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences
Prague</dc:publisher> <dc:date>2009-09-30</dc:date> <dc:type>Paper in scientific journal</dc:type> <dc:identifier>http://online.agris.cz/files/2009/agris_on line_2009_1_gurcik_miklovicova_miklovicova.pdf</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics</dc:source> <dc:language>eng</dc:language> <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:language> <dc:rights>Open Access</dc:language> <dc:coverage>World</dc:language> </oai_dc:dc> </metadata> </record> </GetRecord> </OAI-PMH>
The own OAI-PMH solution for the electronic scholarly journal Agris on-line
Papers in Economics and informatics was implemented in the first part of 2011 and it
is available at http://oai.agris.cz. Creators and administrators of Agris on-line have
prepared a general solution which can be used by other faculties’ of universities’
repositories. OAI-PMH application of the journal is created in PHP (PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor) with Nette Framework1. PHP5 is a widely-used open source
generalpurpose scripting language that is especially suitable for the web development
Metadata, which are archived in the library, are sorted to sets - for the electronic scholarly journal oai:aol (Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics) is established. All the papers from the journals are available in the metadata library. Sets are optionally constructed for grouping items for the purpose of selective harvesting.
The library is managed by the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague as data provider to expose metadata to harvesters. The metadata library solution provides metadata for all sic OAI-PMH requests. All responses to the metadata library requests are well-formed XML documents. Encoding of the XML uses the UTF-8 representation of Unicode. Dates and times are uniformly encoded using ISO8601 and are expressed in UTC throughout the protocol, but the electronic scholarly journal uses date only in the YYYY-MM-DD format. Described OAI-PMH solution is prepared for content, which uses date/time too (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ).
In the event of an error or an exception condition, the metadata library indicates OAI-PMH errors, distinguished from HTTP Status-Codes by including one or more error elements in the response. While one error element is sufficient to indicate the presence of an error or an exception condition, the metadata library reports all errors or exceptions that arise from the processing of the request.
Creators and administrators of Agris on-line have prepared very useful and strong application which is developed in keeping up with transnational standards OAIPMH. The results of the OAI-PMH solution will be available for Research Program titled “Economy of the Czech Agriculture Resources and Their Efficient Use within the Framework of the Multifunctional Agri-food Systems” of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports number VZ MSM 6046070906.
Acknowledgements. The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission under grant agreement nº 250525 corresponding to project VOA3R (Virtual Open Access Agriculture & Aquaculture Repository: Sharing Scientific and Scholarly Research related to Agriculture, Food, and Environment), http://voa3r.eu.