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    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Participation of group SCS to LifeCLEF bird identification challenge 2014</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>James Northcott</string-name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <fpage>670</fpage>
      <lpage>672</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>Using the automatic call detection system based on the spectrogram correlation method within Ishmael v2.3 bi-acoustic analysis freeware [2]. Manually generated synthetic kernel [3] was created for a total of 14 audio test records and each kernel was then cross-correlated with spectrograms from the full set of 9688 audio training files. Only top 501 predictions included as per max requested. Probability not calculated by system so figure shown was an arbitrary detection function.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>Resources used</title>
      <p>Results obtained</p>
      <p>
        Ishmael v2.3 http://www.bioacoustics.us/ishmael.html [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>
        ]
      </p>
      <p>An overall score of zero was obtained (see graph below) which was last when
compared to the other 29 submitted runs.
6</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>Analysis of the results</title>
      <p>As mentioned in 3 above the time and processing constraints with this method
limited the analysis to just 14 of the 4339 test audio records.</p>
      <p>With these limitations, I suspect it would not have been possible to achieve an
overall score above zero. As yet it has not been possible to make any assessment of
where my predictions scored for the 14 audio test records that were analyzed.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>Perspectives for future work</title>
      <p>By participating in the LifeCLEF 2014 Bird Task, I was hoping to the demonstrate
that spectrogram correlation can be very useful for the automatic detection of certain
bird calls. At the same time, I think my participation also demonstrates the limitations
of freely available software currently available. Hopefully this may lead to
improvements of existing software or the development of new software. I would
consider the most useful improvements to be as follows:
• Improved detection algorithms and accuracy of automatic detection
• Improved method for quick and easy creation of synthetic kernels
• Possible combining of Spectrogram correlation with other detection methods such
as energy summation to provide a more robust and accurate detection system
• More powerful and speedier processing capability.</p>
      <p>Bibliography</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <mixed-citation>
          1.
          <string-name>
            <surname>David</surname>
            <given-names>K.</given-names>
          </string-name>
          <string-name>
            <surname>Mellinger</surname>
          </string-name>
          , Ishmael
          <volume>2</volume>
          .3, http://www.bioacoustics.
          <source>us/ishmael.html 2</source>
          .
          <string-name>
            <surname>David</surname>
            <given-names>K.</given-names>
          </string-name>
          <string-name>
            <surname>Mellinger</surname>
          </string-name>
          ,
          <article-title>Ishmael 1.0 User's guide : automatic detection 3. Mellinger and Clarke, 2000, construction of kernels, and their performance.</article-title>
        </mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>