=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1221/paper25
|storemode=property
|title=Bütünleşik İş Süreçleri Modelleme Yaklaşımı ile Nitelikli Şartname Oluşturma: Bir Durum Çalışması
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1221/25_Bildiri.pdf
|volume=Vol-1221
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/uyms/AysolmazD14
}}
==Bütünleşik İş Süreçleri Modelleme Yaklaşımı ile Nitelikli Şartname Oluşturma: Bir Durum Çalışması==
<pdf width="1500px">https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1221/25_Bildiri.pdf</pdf>
<pre>
%WQOHúLNøú6UHoOHUL0RGHOOHPH<DNODúÕPÕLOH1LWHOLNOL
     ùDUWQDPH2OXúWXUPD%LU'XUXPdDOÕúPDVÕ

                            Banu Aysolmaz1 ve Onur Demirörs2
         1Bilgi Grubu Ltd., 2'7h7HNQRNHQW*Pú%ORNODU1R, Ankara, Türkiye

                                   banu@aysolmaz.com
                2Enformatik Enstitüsü, 2UWD'R÷XTeknik Üniversitesi, Ankara

                                 demirors@metu.edu.tr



       Öz. øúVUHoOHULDQDOL]LYHPRGHOOHPHLOHDoÕ÷DoÕNDUÕODQELOJLNXUXPODUGDEDúND
       ELUoRNLúUQQQJHOLúWLULOPHVLQGHGHNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU$QFDNgenelde model-
       lerle bu ürünler DUDVÕQGDEHOLUJLQELULOLúNLNXUXOPDPDNWDGÕU%XGDEXLúUQOH
       ULQLQUHWLOPHVLLoLQJHUHNVL]LúJFKDUFDQPDVÕQDYHDUDODUÕQGDNLL]OHQHELOLUOL÷LQ
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       RODUDNROXúWXUXODELOPHNWHGLU%XLúUQOHUL\D]ÕOÕPJHOLúWLUPHLoLQNXOODQÕFÕJH
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       PDNDOH83520\DNODúÕPÕQÕQ..7&H-GHYOHWSURJUDPÕoHUoHYHVLQGHLNLSURMHGH
       X\JXODPDVÕYHGH÷HUOHQGLUPHVLQLLoHUHQoRNOXGXUXPoDOÕúPDVÕQÕNRQXDOPDNWD
       GÕU%XLNLSURMHGH83520NXOODQÕODUDNSURMHQLQDQDOL]DúDPDVÕQGDROXúWXUXO
       PDVÕSODQODQDQoÕNWÕODUÕQoR÷XUHWLOHELOPLúWLUhUHWLOHQNXOODQÕFÕJHUHNVLQLPOHUL
       YHE\NONNHVWLULPL\D]ÕOÕPJHOLúWLUPHLKDOHDúDPDVÕQGDNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU

       Anahtar kelimeler: øúVUHoOHULPRGHOOHPH, gereksinim analizi, \D]ÕOÕPfonksi-
       yonel büyüklük kestirimi, COSMIC


1      *LULú

øúVUHoOHULNXUXPNOWUQQ\DQVÕPDVÕRODUDNELUNXUXPXQHQGH÷HUOLYDUOÕNODUÕQGDQ
GÕU[1]. øúVUHoOHULPRGHOOHPH ø60 LúVUHoOHULQLDQDOL]HWPHNDQODPDNYHWDQÕPOD
PDNLoLQVÕNOÕNODNXOODQÕODQELU\|QWHPGLUøúVUHoOHULQLQDQDOL]HGLOPHVLLOHNXUXPXQ
PHYFXW\DGDXODúÕOPDNLVWHQHQGXUXPXRUWD\DoÕNDUÕODELOPHNWHGLU%XELOJL\DSÕVDOELU
ELoLPGHLúVUHoPRGHOOHULRODUDNLIDGHHGLOPHNWHGLU ø60NXUXPODUGDoRNoHúLWOLDPDo
ODU LoLQ RUWDN ELU DUDo KDOLQH JHOPLúWLU ø60 KHP Lú VUHoOHUL \HQLGHQ \DSÕODQGÕUPD
VUHoL\LOHúWLUPHJLEL³VDINXUXPVDOQHGHQOHU´LoLQKHPGHLúDNÕúÕVLVWHPOHULWDQÕP
lama, SURMH\|QHWLPLLQVDQND\QDNODUÕSODQODPDELOJi yönetimi ve sertifikasyon gibi
SUDWLNOHULoLQGHNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU[2].
   øúVUHoOHUL PRGHOOHUL\OH \DNDODQDQELOJLQLQEXELOJLGHQID\GDODQDELOHFHNEDúNDLú
UQOHULLoLQVLVWHPDWLNúHNLOGHNXOODQÕOPDGÕ÷ÕQÕJ|]OHPOHPHNWH\L]%XGDEXLúUQOHUL




                                              245
LoLQJHOLúWLUPHLúJFQQDUWPDVÕQDYHUQOHULQLúVUHoOHUL\OHL]OHQHELOLUOL÷LQLQND\
EROPDVÕQDQHGHQROPDNWDGÕU'DKDVRQUDLúVUHoWDQÕPODUÕ\ODGL÷HULúUQOHULELUELULQ
GHQED÷ÕPVÕ]úHNLOGHJQFHOOHQGLNoHELUELUL\OHLOJLVL]YHoHOLúHQKDOHJHOHELOPHNWHYH
EDNÕPODUÕLoLQoRNID]ODLúJFKDUFDQPDNWDGÕU6RUXQNXUXPLúVUHoOHULQLLúX\JX
ODPD\D]ÕOÕPODUÕ\DGDVUHoWDEDQOÕ bilgi sistemleriyle otomasyona almak isteyen ku-
UXPODULoLQGDKDGDEHOLUJLQROPDNWDGÕU[3]%XVRUXQX|QOHPHNLoLQ\D]ÕOÕPJHOLúWLUPH
YHGL÷HUNXUXPVDODNWLYLWHOHULoLQEWQOHúLN\|QWHPOHUX\JXODQDUDN\D]ÕOÕPJHOLúWLUPH
LoLQJHUHNOLLúUQOHULQLQLúVUHoOHULELOJLVLQL\DSÕVDOúHNLOGHNXOODQPDVÕVD÷ODQPDOÕGÕU
    Daha önceki oDOÕúPDODUÕPÕ]GDDQDOL]LúOHPOHULQLQLúVUHoPRGHOOeri tek kaynak ola-
UDNNXOODQÕODUDNEWQOHúLNúHNLOGH\DSÕOPDVÕGXUXPXQGDLúVUHoPRGHOOHULQLQELUoRN
LúUQQRWRPDWLNúHNLOGHROXúWXUPDN]HUHNXOODQÕODELOHFH÷LQLRUWD\DoÕNDUGÕN[4, 5].
%XLúUQOeri VUHoRWRPDV\RQXVD÷OD\DQ\D]ÕOÕPODULoLQNXOODQÕFÕJHUHNVLQLPOHULGR
NPDQÕYH\D]ÕOÕPIRQNVL\RQHOE\NONNHVWLULPLD\UÕFDVUHoWDQÕPODPDGRNPDQÕ
YHLúV|]ONOHULGLU0RGHOOHULJHOLúWLUPHNYHLúUQOHULQLUHWPHNLoLQ83520DGÕQÕ
YHUGL÷LPL]EWQOHúLNELUø60\|QWHPLJHOLúWLUGLN83520ø60oDOÕúPDODUÕLoLQQR
tasyon, meta-PRGHOVUHoNÕODYX]ODUYHLúUQROXúWXUPDSURVHGUOHULLoHUPHNWHGLU
83520 DUDFÕ EX \|QWHPH X\JXQ úHNLOGH ø60 oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕ VUGUPHN YH RWRPDWLN
úHNLOGHLúUQOHULQLROXúWXUPDNLoLQSURWRWLSDUDoRODUDNJHOLúWLULOGL<|QWHPLJHoHUOL
NÕOPDNLoLQDGHWGXUXPoDOÕúPDVÕJHUoHNOHúWLULOPLúWLU
    Bu makalede UPROM’un e-GHYOHWSURJUDPÕoHUoHYHVLQGHNLLNLVLVWHPLoLQoRNOXGX
UXPoDOÕúPDVÕQÕDQODWPDNWD\Õ]%XVLVWHPOHUúLUNHWYHPDUNDPHUNH]LND\ÕWVLVWHPOHUL
GLUøNLSURMHQLQGHLONDúDPDODUÕúXIDDOL\HWOHULLoHUPHNWHGLU  PHYFXWLúVUHoOHULQLQ
DQDOL]L  \D]ÕOÕPWDUDIÕQGDQGHVWHNOHQHFHNKHGHIOHQHQVUHoOHULoLQVUHoPRGHOOHUL
QLQWDQÕPODQPDVÕ  \D]ÕOÕPLKDOHVLQGHNXOODQÕODFDNWHNQLNúDUWQDPHGRNPDQÕYH\D
]ÕOÕPE\NONYHHIRUNHVWLULPLQLQJHOLúWLULOPHVL83520EXSURMHOHUGHLúVUHoOHUL
DQDOL]LLoLQ\|QWHPRODUDNNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU$UDoWDUDIÕQGDQRWRPDWLNROXúWXUXODQLúUQ
OHULSURMHOHULQLONDúDPDVÕQGDJHUHNOLJ|UOHQteslimaWODUÕQ oR÷XQXROXúWXUPXúWXU
    Makalenin JHULNDODQÕúXúHNLOGHdir%|OP83520\DNODúÕPÕQÕVXQPDNWDGÕU%|
OPLOLúNLOLoDOÕúPDODUÕVD÷ODPDNWDGÕU%|OPoRNOXGXUXPoDOÕúPDVÕWDVDUÕPÕQÕYH
E|OPEXQXQX\JXODPDVÕQÕ LoHUPHNWHGLU%|OPVRQXoODUÕ|]Htlemektedir. .


2       UPROM için Genel Bilgi

<D]ÕOÕPJHOLúWLUPHGHoHúLWOLLúUQOHULQLELUELUL\OHLOLúNLOHQGLUPHYHGH÷LúLNDúDPDODUGD
WDNLSHWPH\L\D\JÕQELUSUDWLNRODUDNJ|UPHNWH\L]%HQ]HUELU\DNODúÕPÕQLúVUHoOHUL
PRGHOOHUL LoLQ GH NXOODQÕODUDN Lú UQOHUL LoLQ LúJF YHULPOLOL÷L WDPOÕN WXWDUOÕOÕN YH
NROD\JQFHOOHPHJLELELUoRN\DUDUÕQVD÷ODQDELOHFH÷LQLbelirledik. UPROM, bütünlHúLN
analiz aktiviteleri ile tüm bilgilerin tek bir model seti üzerinde saklanPDVÕLOH úXLúUQ
lerinin RWRPDWLNRODUDNROXúWXUXOPDVÕQÕVD÷ODPDNWDGÕUNXOODQÕFÕJHUHNVLQLPOHUL\D]Õ
OÕPIRQNVL\RQHOE\NONNHVWLULPLVUHoWDQÕPODPDGRNPDQÕYHLúV|]O÷. Bu du-
UXPoDOÕúPDVÕNDSVDPÕQGDVUHoWDQÕPODPDGRNPDQÕYHLúV|]O÷EXOXQPDPDNWDGÕU
   83520PRGHOOHPHQRWDV\RQXWLSGL\DJUDPoHúLGLLoHUPHNWHGLU%XQODURUWDNELU
meta-PRGHO]HULQGHoDOÕúPDNWDGÕU1RWDV\RQXQDQDSDUoDVÕH(3& JHQLúOHWLOPLúROD\




                                                246
tabanOÕVUHo]LQFLUL QRWDV\RQXGXU[6]. Analiz etkinlikleri ve ilgili diyagram tipleri son-
UDNLLNLE|OPGHDoÕNODQPÕúWÕU83520¶XQGDKDJHQLúELUWDQÕWÕPÕUHIHUDQVWDEXOXQD
bilir [7]. UPROM’u desteklemek için bflow* Toolbox [8] DUDFÕQGDQID\GDODQÕODUDNELU
ø60DUDFÕJHOLúWLULOPLúWLU $UDoDOWÕGL\DJUDPWLSL]HULQGHPHWD-model ile belirlenen
NÕVÕWODU\DSÕNRQWUROHN |]HOOLNOHUYHHúVL]REMHOHUJLEL|]HOOLNOHUGDKLOLQGHPRGHOOHPH
\DSÕOPDVÕQÕVD÷ODPDNWDGÕU$UDo\|QWHPGHWDQÕPODQGÕ÷ÕúHNLOGHLúUQOHULQLRWRPDWLN
olarak üretebilmektedir.


2.1    $QDø60'L\DJUDPODUÕQÕQ*HOLúWLULOPHVL
%XDúDPDGDNXUXPGDX\JXODQDQWPHWNLQOLNOHUHOOH\DGDRWRPDWLNRODUDN\DSÕOVDGD
LúVUHoOHULPRGHOOHUL\OHGH÷LúLNEDNÕúDoÕODUÕ\ODDQDOL]HGLOLUYHPRGHOOHQLUøúVUHoOH
ULQLLúOHYVHOYHGDYUDQÕúVDOEDNÕúDoÕODUÕQGDQLQFHOHPHNLoLQGH÷HU]LQFLUL 9& IRQNVL
\RQD÷DFÕ )7 JHQLúOHWLOPLúROD\WDEDQOÕVUHo]LQFLUL H(3&\DGD(3& GL\DJUDPODUÕ
NXUXPVDOEDNÕúDoÕVÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNLoLQGH|UJWúHPDVÕGL\DJUDPÕ 2& WDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU
9&GL\DJUDPÕNXUXPGDUQYHVHUYLVOHULUHWPHNLoLQVWVHYL\HGH÷HUNDWDQHWNLQOLN
OHULJ|VWHUPHNLoLQNXOODQÕOÕU 'H÷HU]LQFLULVHPEROOHULQGHQ9&)7\DGD(3&WLSLQGH
DOWGL\DJUDPODUUHIHUDQVYHULOHELOLU)7GL\DJUDPÕELULúDNÕúÕ\ODED÷OÕROPD\DQVUHoOH
ULQRUJDQL]HHGLOPHVLQLVD÷ODU%DúNDELU)7\DGD(3&GL\DJUDPDOWGL\DJUDPRODUDN
DWDQDELOLU(3&LúDNÕúÕWDEDQOÕRODUDNVUHFLPRGHOOHPHNLoLRUWDNELUQRWDV\RQVD÷OD
PDNWDGÕU(3&QRWDV\RQXHNVHPEROOHUOHJHQLúOHWLOPLúWLU(3&GL\DJUDPÕQGDELUIRQN
VL\RQDDOWGL\DJUDPRODUDN(3&)7\DGDIRQNVL\RQDWDPDGL\DJUDPÕ )$' DWDQDELOLU


2.2    ø60$QDOL]'L\DJUDPODUÕQÕQ*HOLúWLULOPHVL
%XDúDPDGDLúVUHoPRGHOOHUL\OHEWQOHúLNRODUDNRWRPDV\RQX\DSÕODFDNIRQNVL\RQODU
DWDQÕUYHRWRPDV\RQLKWL\DoODUÕLúDODQÕQGDNXOODQÕFÕEDNÕúDoÕVÕ\ODEHOLUOHQLU(3&¶GH
\HUDODQDOWGL\DJUDPDWDQPDPÕúRODQ XoIRQNVL\RQODULQFHOHQLUYHIRnksiyonun oto-
PDV\RQLoLQDWDQPDGXUXPXQDNDUDUYHULOLU(÷HUIRQNVL\RQRWRPDV\RQDVRNXODFDNVD
DOWGL\DJUDPRODUDN)$GL\DJUDPÕROXúWXUXOXU)$GL\DJUDPÕLOHRWRPDV\RQVLVWHPLQGH
LOJLOLIRQNVL\RQXJHUoHNOHúWLUPHNLoLQVRUXPOXOXNODULOJLOLYDUOÕNODUYDUOÕNlar üzerinde
JHUoHNOHúWLULOHFHNRSHUDV\RQODULOJLOLX\JXODPDVLVWHPOHULYHNÕVÕWODUEHOLUOHQLU%XúH
NLOGH)$GL\DJUDPÕLOHLOJLOLIRQNVL\RQXQVLVWHPGHQDVÕOoDOÕúPDVÕQÕQEHNOHQGL÷LWDQÕP
ODQÕU)$GL\DJUDPÕúXVHPEROOHULLoHULUIRQNVL\RQYDUOÕNX\JXODPa, kurumsal ele-
PDQODU SR]LV\RQELULPGÕúNLúL NÕVÕW
    )$GL\DJUDPODUÕQÕQJHOLúWLULOPHVLVÕUDVÕQGDVLVWHPGHLKWL\DoGX\XODQYDUOÕNODU kav-
ramsal olarak oÕNPDNWDGÕU.DYUDPVDO9DUOÕNøOLúNL (5 GL\DJUDPÕEXYDUOÕNODUÕQWP
ELUJ|UQWVQELUDUDGD\DNDODPD\D\DUGÕPFÕROXU(5GL\DJUDPՁ]HULQGHYDUOÕNODU
DUDODUÕQGDNLLVLPYHULOHQLOLúNLOHUELUOHúWLUPHYHJHQHOOHPHLOLúNLOHULLOHPRGHOOHQLU


2.3    Model YapÕVÕ.ÕODYX]ODUYH2OXúWXUXODQøúhUQOHUL
83520DUDFՁ]HULQGHWPGL\DJUDPODU³PRGHOOHPHSURMHVL´RODUDNELUELUL\OHLOLúNLOL
ELU\DSՁ]HULQGHWXWXOXU0RGHOOHPHSURMHVLKL\HUDUúLNNÕUÕOÕPÕ\ODX\XPOXELUNODV|U
\DSÕVÕQDVDKLSWLU(QVWVHYL\HGHELU9&(3&\DGD)7GL\DJUDPÕVUHoKDULWDVÕRODUDN




                                           247
\HUOHúWLULOLU*HULNDODQ9&(3&YH)<GL\DJUDPODUÕDOWGL\DJUDPRODUDNLOLúNLOHQGLUL
OHUHNLOJLOLDOWNODV|UH\HUOHúWLULOLU
   $\QÕWLSYHLVPHVDKLSQHVQHOHUHúVL]QHVQHOHULQNRS\DODUÕ olarak tutulur0DQWÕNVDO
RODUDND\QÕ|]HOOLNOHUHVDKLSQHVQHOHUGHGL\DJUDPODUDUDVÕPDQWÕNLOLúNLOHULQLQWXWXOPDVÕ
LoLQHúVL]QHVQHOHULQNRS\DODUÕRODUDNVDNODQPDNWDGÕU%XQODUD|UQHNRODUDNGRNPDQ
YHYDUOÕNQHVQHOHULIRQNVL\RQVUHoDUD\]YHGH÷HU]LQFLULQHVQHOHULYHULOHELOLU(úVL]
QHVQHOHULQNRS\DODUÕD\QÕ|]HOOLNGH÷HUOHULQHVDKLSWLUYHGH÷HUOHUi RUWDNúHNLOGH güncel-
OHQLU$\UÕFDGL\DJUDP YHQHVQHOHUHHN|]HOOLNOHUDWDQDUDNPRGHOOHU]HQJLQOHúWLULOPLú
YHLúUQOHULQLQROXúWXUXOPDVÕnda gerekli bilgilerin modellere gömülPHVLVD÷ODQPÕúWÕU
   )$GL\DJUDPODUNXOODQÕODUDNooHúLWJHUHNVLQLPFPOHVLROXúWXUXOPDNWDGÕU(3&¶OHU
JHUHNVLQLPFPOHOHULQLGRNPDQLoLQGHG]HQOHPHNLoLQNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU)RQNVL\R
QHOE\NONNHVWLULPL\LQH)$GL\DJUDPODUGDNLELOJLOHUNXOODQÕODUDN&260,&\D]ÕOÕP
IRQNVL\RQHOE\NON|OoPVWDQGDUGÕQDX\JXQúHNLOGHROXúWXUXOPDNWDGÕU[9].


3      øOJLOLdDOÕúPDODU

ø60¶QLQ SRSOHUOL÷L DUWWÕNoD ø60¶QLQ NXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ IDUNOÕ DODQ YH DPDoODU GD DUWPÕúWÕU
[2]. $QFDNLúVUHoPRGHOOHULQLQIDUNOÕDPDoODULoLQ\DSÕVDOELUELoLPGHNXOODQÕOPDVÕQD
RGDNODQDQoDOÕúPDODUNÕVÕWOÕGÕU*HUHNVLQLPPKHQGLVOL÷Lø60¶QLQNXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ önemli
ELUDODQROPDVÕQDUD÷PHQEXDODQGDNLQRWDV\RQODUKHQ]\HWHUOLLIDGH\HWHQH÷LQHVDKLS
GH÷LOGLU[10–12].XOODQÕFÕJHUHNVLQLPQRWDV\RQX 851 YHKHGHIPRGHOOHPH\DNOD
úÕPODUÕEXWLSELUEWQOHúPHQLQVLVWHPDQDOL]LQLQoRNHUNHQVDIKDODUÕQGD\DSÕOPDVÕLoLQ,
[13, 14] vHULRGDNOÕ\DNODúÕPODUda oDOÕúWÕUÕODELOLUVUHoOHULQJHUHNVLQLPOHULQLEHOLUOHPHN
LoLQNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU[15]1LFRODVYH7RYDO¶LQOLWHUDWUoDOÕúPDVÕPRGHOOHUGHQPHWLQVHO
JHUHNVLQLPOHULQROXúWXUXOPDVÕQÕQGH÷HUOLROPDVÕQDUD÷PHQEXWLS\DNODúÕPODUROPDGÕ
÷ÕQÕ belirtmektedir [16] øNL DODQÕ \DSÕVDO úHNLOGH EWQOHúWLUHQ LNL |UQHN EWQOHúLN
ø60 YH JHUHNVLQLP PRGHOOHPH |QHUHQ 0D\U .RS YH (VEHUJHU¶LQ oDOÕúPDVÕ [17] ve
Cox’un soruQoHUoHYHVL\DNODúÕPÕGÕU[18] Erken sistem analizi LOHGHWD\OÕ\D]ÕOÕPDQD
OL]LVHYL\HOHULDUDVÕQGDNXOODQÕFÕVHYL\HVLQGHGHWD\OÕDQDOL]LoLQø60¶QLQNXOODQÕOPDVÕ
NRQXVXQGDELUERúOXNJ|]OHPOHPHNWH\L]dDOÕúPDJUXEXRODUDNGDKD|QFHD\UÕRODUDN
JHUHNVLQLPDQDOL]LQLQø60LOHEWQOHúWLULOPHVLLoLQoDOÕúPDODUÕPÕ]PHYFXWWXU[4, 19].
    Fonksiyonel büyüklük |OoPSURVHGUoRNID]ODLúJFJHUHNWLUmektedir. Bu ne-
GHQOHDUDúWÕUPDFÕODUözellikle 80/PRGHOOHULQGHQ|OoPRWRPDWLNOHúWLUPHNLoLQoD
OÕúPDODU\DSPÕúODUGÕU[20–22]øúVUHoPRGHOOHULQLQEXDPDoODNXOODQÕPÕLVHNÕVÕWOÕGÕU
0RQVDOYH¶QLQoDOÕúPDVÕVUHoELOJLVLQLQ\D]ÕOÕPE\NO÷QEHOLUOHPHNLoLQNXOODQÕO
PDVÕNRQXVXQGDIikirlerimizi desteklemekte, ancak süreçler üstünde veri hareketlerinin
WHNWHNEHOLUOHQPHVLQLLoHUHQGDKDGHWD\OÕELUDQDOL]|QHULVLVXQPDNWDGÕU[23]%XoDOÕú
PDGDD\UÕFDJUXEXPX]XQGDKD|QFHNLoDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQVRQXoODUÕQGDQGDID\GDODQGÕN[5].
    ø60¶QLQ GH÷LúLN NXOODQÕPODUÕQD RGDNODQDQ \DNODúÕPODU EXOVDN GD EXQODUÕQ ELUGHQ
ID]ODDODQÕEWQOHúWLUPHGL÷LQLJ|UPHNWH\L]$\UÕFDLúVUHoPRGHOOHUL\OHLúUQOHULQLQ
EDNÕP YH L]OHQHELOLUOLN KXVXVODUÕ GDRWRPDWLN RODUDN VD÷ODQPDPDNWDGÕU [15]%XQODUÕ
J|]|QQHDODUDNø60YHGL÷HULOJLOLSUDWLNOHUL ELUDUD\DJHWLUHQ\DSÕVDOPRGHOOHPH\DN
ODúÕPODUÕQÕQLúVUHoOHULELOJLVLQLHWNLQúHNLOGHNXOODQDUDNLOJLOLLúUQOHULQLUHWPHNYH
EDNÕPÕQÕ\DSPDNLoLQJHUHNOLROGX÷XQXGúQPHNWH\L].




                                              248
4      dRNOX'XUXPdDOÕúPDVÕ

83520\|QWHPL..7&¶GHJHUoHNOHúWLULOHQH-devleWSURJUDPÕNDSVDPÕQGDLNLSURMHGH
uygulanPÕúWÕU. Çoklu durum çaOÕúPDVÕQDDLWSODQEXE|OPGH YHULOPLúWLU


4.1    'XUXPXQ7DQÕPÕ
ùLUNHWYH0DUND0HUNH]L.D\ÕW6LVWHPL HùLUNHWYHH0DUND SURMHOHULúLUNHWYHPDUND
lara ait süreçlerin RWRPDV\RQXLoLQEDúODWÕOPÕúWÕU9DWDQGDúODUÕQEDúYXUX\DSPDVÕPH
PXUODUÕQEDúYXUXODUÕGH÷HUOHQGLUPHVLRQD\vermesi ya da reddetmesi; GÕúVHUYLVOHUGHQ
ELOJLDOÕQPDVÕ; GXUXPGH÷LúLNOLNOHULQLQ\|QHWLOPHVLYHYDWDQGDúODUDNDPX\DYHGÕúSD\
GDúODUDKDEHUYHULOPHVLLoLQoHYULPLoLELULúDNÕúÕVLVWHPLJHUHNPHNWHGLUHùLUNHWVLVWH
PLQLQVWVHYL\HVUHoOHUL\HQLúLUNHWNXUXOPDVÕúLUNHWELOJLOHULQLQJQFHOOHQPHVLúLUNHW
EDúYXUXODUÕQÕQ RQD\ODQPDVÕ úLUNHWOHULQ OLVWHOHQPHVL YH NDSDWÕOPDVÕQÕ LoHUPHNWHGLU
eMarka sisteminin üst seviye süreçleri \HQLELUPDUNDQÕQND\GÕND\ÕWOÕPDUNDQÕQG
zenli güncellemesi, marka bilgilerinin ve marka sahibinin güncellenmesi, marka hakla-
UÕQÕQYHPDUNDYHNLOLQLQJQFHOOHQPHVLGLU
   3URMHOHULQ LON DúDPDVÕ PHYFXW VUHoOHULQ DQDOL]L KHGHIOHQHQ VUHoOHULQ PRGHOOHQ
mesiWHNQLNúDUWQDPHQLQKD]ÕUODQPDVÕYH\D]ÕOÕPE\NONYHLúJFNHVWLULPLQLQ\D
SÕOPDVÕQÕLoHUPHNWHGLU+D]ÕUODQDQoÕNWÕODU\D]ÕOÕPLKDOHVLLoLQNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU


4.2    $UDúWÕUPD6RUXODUÕ

HùLUNHWYHH0DUNDVLVWHPOHUL83520LoLQúXVRUXODUÕQ\DQÕWODQDELOPHVLQLVD÷ODPÕúWÕU
Soru 1: Bu SURMHOHUGHVUHoOHUL83520¶XX\JXOD\DUDNPRGHOOH\HUHNLKDOHGHNXOODQÕ
ODFDNNXOODQÕFÕJHUHNVLQLPOHULYH\D]ÕOÕPE\NONNHVWLULPLROXúWXUXODELOLUPL"
Soru 2: 2OXúWXUXODQ Lú UQOHUL JHOHQHNVHO \|QWHPOHUOH ED÷ÕPVÕ] RODUDN JHOLúWLULOHQ
UQOHUHJ|UHWDPOÕNWXWDUOÕOÕNkolay güncelleme YHL]OHQHELOLUOLNDoÕVÕQGDQJHOLúWLPL"


4.3    'XUXPdDOÕúPDVÕ3ODQÕ
'XUXPoDOÕúPDVÕQÕX\JXODPDNYHSURMHWHVOLPDWODUÕQÕJHOLúWLUPHNLoLQDúD÷ÕGDNLHWNLQ
OLNOHUL]OHQPLúWLU<NOHQLFLNXUXPGDQYHDQDNXUXPGDQDQDOLVWoDOÕúPDODUÕVUGU
PúWU%X PDNDOHQLQLON \D]DUÕGDDQDOLVWRODUDNoDOÕúPDODUDNDWÕOPÕúWÕUdDOÕúPDODU
U3520DUDFÕNXOODQÕODUDNJHUoHNOHúWLULOPLúWLU

 6RQNXOODQÕFÕODUODPHYFXWVUHoOHULYHLKWL\DoODUÕDQODPDNLoLQoDOÕúWD\ODU\DS
 7DVDUODQDQVUHoOHULoLQ83520SUHQVLSOHULQLL]OH\HUHNLúVUHoPRGHOOHULQLJHOLúWLU
 7DVDUODQDQ VUHoOHUL GH÷HUOHQGLUPHN JHUL bildirimleri almak ve güncellemek için
  G]HQOLoDOÕúWD\ODUG]HQOH
 <D]ÕOÕPÕQPRGOOHULLoLQVWVHYL\HPLPDUL\LEHOLUOH
 øúVUHoPRGHOOHUL]HULQGHQRWRPDV\RQLoLQDWDQDQIRQNVL\RQODUÕEHOLUOH%XIRQN
  VL\RQODULoLQ)$GL\DJUDPODUÕYHEHUDEHULQGH(5GL\DJUDPÕJHOLúWLU
 83520DUDFÕQÕNXOODQDUDNJHUHNVLQLPOHULYHE\NONNHVWLULPLQLROXúWXU%\N
  ONNHVWLULPLQLLúJFNHVWLULPL\DSPDNLoLQNXOODQ




                                           249
 øúUQOHULQLVRQNXOODQÕFÕ\DWHVOLPHWYHJHULELOGLULPOHULWRSOD'H÷LúLNOLNOHULQHWNL
  lerini analiz et YHPRGHOOHULJQFHOOHøúUQOHULQLWHNUDUROXúWXUDUDNWHVOLPHW
 7HNQLNúDUWQDPH\HHNOHQPHVLJHUHNHQJHUHNVLQLPOHULEHOLUOHYHúDUWQDPH\LROXúWXU
 $QDOLVWOHUYHVRQNXOODQÕFÕODUOD|QFHGHQWDQÕPOÕVRUXODUÕNXOODQDUDNJ|UúPHOHUJHU
  oHNOHúWLU83520¶XQLú UQOHULQLQWDPWXWDUOÕNROD\JQFHOOHQHELOLUYHL]OHQHELOLU
  JHOLúWLULOPHVLLoLQHWNLVLQLGH÷HUOHQGLU


5      'XUXPdDOÕúPDVÕ8\JXODPDVÕ

HùLUNHWYHH0DUNDSURMHOHULQGHGXUXPoDOÕúPDVÕLNLDúDPDGD\UWOPúWUøONDúD
PDGDLúVUHoOHULDQDOL]HGLOHUHNPRGHOOHQPLúVRQUDVÕQGDIRQNVL\RQDQDOL]LJHUoHNOHú
WLULOHUHNLúUQOHULRWRPDWLNRODUDNROXúWXUXOPXúWXU


5.1    øú6UHo0RGHOOHULQLQ*HOLúWLULOPHVL
3URMHOHUGHLONRODUDN)7(3&YH2&GL\DJUDPODUÕJHOLúWLULOGL0RGHOOHPHSURMHVLQLQ
NODV|U\DSÕVÕDOWGL\DJUDPODUODX\XPOXúHNLOGHNXUJXODQGÕ(QVWVHYL\HGH)7GL\DJ
UDPÕVUHoKDULWDVÕRODUDNWDQÕPODQGÕ+L\HUDUúLQLQDOWVHYL\HOHULQGHNLWP(3&9&
)7YH)$GL\DJUDPODUÕELUELUL\OHDOWGL\DJUDPLOLúNLVLRODFDNúHNLOGHWDQÕPODQGÕ(5YH
2&GL\DJUDPODUÕSURMH\OHLOJLOLJHQHOELOJLYHUGL÷LLoLQüst seviye klasörlerin içine yer-
OHúWLULOGL83520DUDFÕ\|QWHPGHNLNODV|U\DSÕVÕQDX\JXQOX÷XNRQWUROHWPLúWLU
   HùLUNHWYHH0DUNDSURMHOHULQLQLúVUHoPRGHOOHULQHDLWPHWULNOHU Tablo 1’de veril-
PLúWLUHùLUNHWVUHoOHULQGHH0DUNDVUHoOHULQGHLVHIRQNVL\RQEXOXQPDNWDGÕU
3URMHOHUER\XWDoÕVÕQGDQIDUNOÕROVDGDRUWDODPDGH÷HUOHULQ\DNÕQOÕ÷ÕJ|]|QQHDOÕQGÕ
÷ÕQGD|]HOOLNOHULEHQ]HUGLU(3&GL\DJUDPODUÕOLWHUDWUGHLúDNÕúÕVHPEROOHULQLQ(olay,
fonksiyon, süreç arayüzü, mantÕNVDOLúOHoOHU YHED÷ODQWÕODUÕQVD\ÕVÕLOHLOJLOL|QHULOHQ
SUHQVLSOHUHX\PDNWDGÕU[24]. Tüm diyagramlar içinde sadece 3 diyagram önerilen limit-
OHULDúPDNWDGÕU[25]. Çoklu EDúODQJÕoYHELWLúROD\ODUÕIRUPHOPRGHOOHULoLQ|QHULOPHVH
de [24]83520¶XQDPDFÕVRQNXOODQÕFÕODUODLOHWLúLPLYHDQOD\ÕúÕGHVWHNOHPHNROGX
÷XQGDQGROD\ÕEXQODUÕQNXOODQÕOPDVÕLIDGH\HWHQH÷LQLDUWÕUPDNLoLQNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU[2].

             Tablo 1. HùLUNHWYHH0DUNDprojeleri için iúsüreç modeli metrikleri

 Metrik                   eùLUNHW eMarka Metrik                  HùLUNHW eMarka
 En derin seviye           3       3     # EPC diyagramODUÕ       15      6
 # FT GL\DJUDPODUÕ         3       3     # ER diyagramODUÕ        2       1
 (3&IRQNVL\RQODUÕ       110     40    # (3&EDúÕQDIRQNVL\RQ 7,3       6,7
 # FA GL\DJUDPODUÕ         82      36    # (3&EDúÕQD)$          5,5     6
 # HúVL] Lú DNÕúÕ VHP 183      79    (3&EDúÕQDRUWDODPDLú 12,2     13,2
 bolleri                                 DNÕúÕVHPEROOHUL
 (3& EDúÕQD RUWDODPD 4          4,7   (3&EDúÕQDRUWDODPDLú 24,7     21,8
 ED÷ODQWÕ                                DNÕúÕED÷ODQWÕVÕ




                                             250
5.2       )RQNVL\RQ$QDOL]LYHøúhUQOHULQLQ2OXúWXUXOPDVÕ
(3&GL\DJUDPODUÕQGDNLKHUELUXoIRQNVL\RQDQDOL]HGLOHUHNRWRPDV\RQDJLUHFHNIRQN
VL\RQODU LoLQ GHWD\OÕ DQDOL] )$ GL\DJUDPODUÕ LOH \DSÕOPÕúWÕU %LU )$ GL\DJUDP |UQH÷L
ùHNLO 1¶GHYHULOPLúWLUøOJLOLIRQNVL\RQXQRWRPDV\RQXVÕUDVÕQGDVLVWHPLQQDVÕOoDOÕúDFD
÷ÕQDLOLúNLQDQDOL]DúD÷ÕGDNLVHPEROYHED÷ODQWÕODULOH\DSÕOPÕúWÕU

 Kurumsal Eleman – Fonksiyon: %XED÷ODQWÕIRQNVL\RQODLOJLOLVRUXPOXOXNODUÕWDQÕP
  ODU%D÷ODQWÕWLSLúXQODURODELOLU³\UWURQD\ODUGHVWHNOHUNDWNÕVD÷ODUELWWL÷LQGH
  KDEHUYHULOPHOLGLU´%LUGHQID]ODHOHPDQED÷ODQDELOLUùHNLO 1¶GHSR]LV\RQYHGÕúNLúL
  ED÷ODQPÕúED÷ODQWÕODUQXPDUDLOHLúDUHWOHQPLúWLU1XPDUDOÕED÷ODQWÕODULúOHPLQED÷OÕ
  RODQKHUKDQJLELULWDUDIÕQGDQQXPDUDVÕ]ODULVHLNLVLELUGHQJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLJHUHN
  WL÷LQLLIDGHHWPHNWHGLU
 Fonksiyon – 9DUOÕN – 8\JXODPD%XED÷ODQWÕODUIRQNVL\RQXQLúOHWLOPHVLVÕUDVÕQGD
  JHUHNOLYDUOÕNODUEXYDUOÕNODUÕQQDVÕONXOODQÕODFD÷ÕQÕEHOLUOH\HQLúOHPOHUYHEXYDUOÕN
  ODUÕQEXOXQGX÷XX\JXODPDODUÕWDQÕPODU)RQNVL\RQYHYDUOÕNDUDVÕQGDNLED÷ODQWÕODU
  &58'/LúOHPOHULQHEHQ]HUúHNLOGHúXQODURODUDNWDQÕPODQDELOLU³NXOODQÕUJ|UQW
  OHU\DUDWÕUGH÷LúWLULURNXUVLOHUOLVWHOHU´
 Uygulama – .ÕVÕW)RQNVL\RQXQLúOHWLOPHVLVÕUDVÕQGDLOJLOLX\JXODPDGDJ|]|QQH
  DOÕQPDVÕJHUHNHQNÕVÕWODUFPOH\DSÕVÕQGDNÕVÕWVHPERO\OHWDQÕPODQÕU.ÕVÕWODUGH÷HU
  GH÷LúLNOLNOHULYHULNÕVÕWODUÕ]DPDQNÕVÕWODUÕGXUXPGH÷LúLNOLNOHULQLLoHUHELOLU

   )$GL\DJUDPODUÕQ]HULQGHWDQÕPODQDQYDUOÕNODU(5GL\DJUDP]HULQH\HUOHúWLULOLU
9DUOÕNODU DUDVÕQGDNL JHQHO ELUOHúWLUPH YH JHQHOOHPH LOLúNLOHUL J|VWHULOLU %X DúDPDGD
DQDOL]LQNXOODQÕFÕVHYL\HVLQGH \DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕGúQHUHN YDUOÕNODUNDYUDPVDOVHYL\HGHWD
QÕPODQPÕúWÕU%X(5GL\DJUDPELU\D]ÕOÕPYHULWDEDQÕPRGHOLROXúWXUPDPDNODELUOLNWH
\D]ÕOÕPDúDPDVÕQGDEXoDOÕúPDODUDEDúODPDNLoLQWHPHORODUDNDOÕQDFDNWÕU%XúHNLOGH
GHLúDODQÕLOHWHNQRORMLNDODQODUDUDVÕQGDED÷ODQWÕNXUXOPDNWDGÕU




      ùHNLO 1. “ùLUNHW.XUXOXú%LOJLOHULQL*LU” sürecinde bir fonksiyon için örnek FA diyagram

)$GL\DJUDPNXOODQÕODUDNoHúLWJHUHNVLQLPFPOHVLROXúWXUXOPDNWDGÕUùHNLO 1’de ve-
riOHQ|UQHNGL\DJUDP]HULQGHFPOHOHUDúD÷ÕGDWDQÕPODQPÕúWÕUøWDOLNOHJ|VWHULOHQNÕ
VÕPODUGL\DJUDPGDQDOÕQDQELOJLOHUOHWDPDPODQPÕúWÕU




                                                251
ņ Tip 1: ùLUNHWKLVVHGDUELOJLOHULQLJLrPHLúOHPLQLùLUNHW7HVFLO%DúYXUX6DKLEL ya da
  ùLUNHW6RUXPOXVX yürütecektir.
ņ 7LS%XLúOHPVÕUDVÕQGDH7X]HOùLUNHW.XUPD%DúYXUXmodülünde úLUNHWKLVVHGDU
  bilgileri ND\GÕROXúWXUXODFDN ve GH÷LúWLULOHFHN, úLUNHWVHUPD\HELOJLOHUL ND\GÕokuna-
  cak, e-Nüfus Web Servis'ten kimlik no ND\GÕNXOODQÕODUDN JHUoHNNLúLNLPOLNELOJLOHUL
  ND\GÕJ|UQWOHQHFHNeTuzel'den eTuzel no ND\GÕNXOODQÕODUDN W]HONLúLNLPOLNELO
  gileri ND\GÕgörüntülenecektir.
ņ Tip 3: ùLUNHWKLVVHGDUELOJLOHULQLJLUPHLúOHPLVÕUDVÕQGD"ayni sermaye" girilmesi du-
  UXPXQGDPHQNXOJD\ULPHQNXOYHDUDoELOJLOHULQLQJLULOGL÷LNRQWUROHGLOHFHNWLU.
ņ Tip 3: ùLUNHWKLVVHGDUELOJLOHULQLJLUPHLúOHPLVÕUDVÕQGDgirilen sermaye ile pay adedi
  ELOJLOHULQLQX\JXQOX÷XNRQWUROHGLOHFHNWLU.
ņ Tip 3: ùLUNHWKLVVHGar bilgilerini girPHLúOHPLVÕUDVÕQGDúLUNHWKDONDDoÕNúLUNHWVHHQ
  D]RUWDN|]HOúLUNHWVHHQD]HQoRNRUWDNNRPDQGLWúLUNHWVHHQD]HQID]OD
  RUWDNWLFDULQYDQLoLQVDGHFHELURUWDNWDQÕPODQGÕ÷ÕNRQWUROHGLOHFHNWLU.

hoFPOHWLSLoRNVD\ÕGDGHVHQLoHUHELOLU7PDOWHUQDWLIOHUEXUDGDLoHULOPHPLúWLUDQFDN
\XNDUÕGDNLOHU \HWHUOL |UQHN ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU *HUHNVLQLP FPOHOHUL ROXúWXUXOGXNWDQ
VRQUDLQFHOHQPLúYHED]ÕJHUHNVLQLPOHUHOLOH\D]ÕODUDNHNOHQPLúWLU%XJHUHNVLQLPOHU
sistemin genel özelliklerine, kuruma ve web servislere özgüdür. Toplamda Tablo 2’de
J|VWHULOGL÷LúHNLOGHRWRPDWLNROXúWXUXODQJHUHNVLQLPFPOHVLWHNQLNúDUWQDPHGHNL
PDGGHOHULQ¶ÕQÕROXúWXUPXúWXU

                   Tablo 2. eùLUNHWYHH0DUNDLoLQgereksinim metrikleri

      Metrik                                     eùLUNHW        eMarka
   2WRPDWLNROXúWXUXODQJHUHNVLQLPVD\ÕVÕ           363           177
   2OXúWXUXODQWLSJHUHNVLQLPVD\ÕVÕ              176           98
   (OOHHNOHQHQJHUHNVLQLPVD\ÕVÕ                   35            19
   Toplam gereksinimler                             398           196
   2OXúWXUXODQJHUHNVLQLPOHULRUDQÕ                 91%           90%
   <D]ÕOÕPPRGOVD\ÕVÕ                            6             5
   0RGOEDúÕQDJHUHNVLQLPVD\ÕVÕ                   66            39
   (3&EDúÕQDJHUHNVLQLPVD\ÕVÕ                     26,5          32,7

&260,&\|QWHPL\D]ÕOÕPE\NO÷QWRSODPYHULKDUHNHWL 9+ VD\ÕVÕRODUDNWDQÕP
ODU9+VD\ÕODUÕWRSODQDUDNIRQNVL\RQQRNWD )1 FLQVLQGHQE\NONKHVDSODQÕU. VH
WLSOHULúXQODUGÕU*LULú ( 2NXPD 5 <D]PD : dÕNÕú ; [9]. Veri hareketleri ya-
]ÕOÕPJHUHNVLQLPOHULQGHQKHVDSODQÕU$QFDN83520¶GDEXHUNHQVDIKDGD\D]ÕOÕPJH
UHNVLQLPOHULEXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕQGDQ)$GL\DJUDPODUÕQGDLIDGHHGLOHQNXOODQÕFÕJHUHNVLQLP
OHULHUNHQELUE\NONNHVWLULPL\DSPDNLoLQNXOODQÕODELOLU%XQXQLoLQYDUOÕNODUÕQ]H
ULQGHWDQÕPODQDQLúOHPOHULoLQDúD÷ÕGDNLoHYULPELOJLVLQHJ|UH9+WLSOHULEHOLUOHQLU
<DUDWÕU, Siler: 1 *LULú+ 1 Yazma Görüntüler, Listeler: 1 *LULú, 1 Okuma, 1 dÕNÕú
'H÷LúWLULU: 1 *LULú, 1 Okuma, 1 Yazma, 1 dÕNÕú    .XOODQÕU, Okur: 1 Okuma




                                           252
dHYULPVRQXFXHOGHHGLOHQ9+VD\ÕODUÕEDúNDELUoRNNXUDOX\JXODQDUDNVRQKDOLQHJH
WLULOLU%XNXUDOODUÕQGHWD\ODUÕLOJLOLoDOÕúPDGDEXOXQDELOLU [26]. Projeler için FN cinsin-
GHQE\NONELOJLOHULYH9+WLSOHULQHJ|UHGD÷ÕOÕPÕTablo 3¶WHYHULOPLúWLU%XE\N
ON ELOJLOHULQH J|UH ,6%6* YH JHoPLú NXUXPVDO YHULOHU NXOODQÕODUDN LúJF NHVWLULPL
\DSÕOPÕúWÕU[27].HVWLULPOHULNLVLVWHPLoLQGHLKDOH\|QHWLPLLoLQNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU

            Tablo 3. HùLUNHWYHH0DUNDLoLQNHVWLULOHQE\NONYH9+GD÷ÕOÕPODUÕ

                     GiULú         Okuma          Yazma          dÕNÕú        Toplam
 HùLUNHW           332- 30%      290- 26%       200- 18%       296- 26%         1118
 eMarka            119- 27%      112- 26%       89- 20%        117- 27%         437


5.3    %XOJXODUYH7DUWÕúPD
83520X\JXODPDVÕYHoÕNWÕODUÕDQDOLVWOHUYHVRQNXOODQÕFÕODUOD\DUÕ\DSÕODQGÕUÕOPÕúJ|
UúPHOHUJHUoHNOHúWLULOHUHNGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL*|UúPHOHUVRQNXOODQÕFÕPúWHULDQD
OLVWLYH\NOHQLFLDQDOLVWLROPDN]HUHNLúLLOHJHUoHNOHúWLULOGL7RSODPVRUu so-
ruldu. Sorular UPROM ile ROXúWXUXODQLúUQOHULQLQWDPOÕNWXWDUOÕOÕNL]OHQHELOLUOLNYH
NROD\JQFHOOHPHDoÕODUÕQGDQGH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLQLKHGHIOHGLSRQNXOODQÕFÕODUVRQXoODUÕ
VDGHFHoÕNWÕODUDJ|UHGH÷HUOHQGLUGL$QDOLVWOHULVH83520DUDFÕLOH\|QWHPL uygulama
GHQH\LPOHULQL NXOODQGÕODU *|UúPH VRUXODUÕQÕQ WDP OLVWHVL [28]’de bulunabilir. Gö-
UúPHVRQXoODUÕYHJ|]OHPOHUDúD÷ÕGD|]HWOHQPHNWHGLU
    $QDOLVWOHUPRGHOOHPHSURMHVLQLQNODV|U\DSÕVÕHúVL]QHVQHWDQÕPODUÕVUHoYHQHVQH
|]HOOLNOHULWDQÕPODUÕJLEL83520¶D|]JPRGHOOHPH|]HOOLNOHULQLQPRGHOOHULDQDOL]HW
PHNRUJDQL]HHWPHNYHHULúPHNLoLQGHVWHNVD÷ODGÕ÷ÕQÕELOGLUGLOHU
    øú VUHFL PRGHOOHULQLQ VRQ NXOODQÕFÕODUOD VUHoOHUL GH÷HUOHQGLUPHN HNVLN YH KDWDOÕ
\|QOHULEXOPDNLoLQHWNLQELULOHWLúLPRUWDPÕVD÷ODGÕ÷ÕQÕJ|]OHPOHGLN.XOODQÕFÕODUHV
NLGHQE|\OHELUoDOÕúPD\ÕGRNPDQODU]HULQGHQWDNLSHWPH\LWHUFLKHGHFHNOHULQLDPD
DUWÕNVUHoPRGHOlerini vazgeçilmez bir unsur olarak gördüklerini belirttiler.
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