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<pre>
The ROMULUS resource for using foundational
              ontologies

                  Zubeida Casmod Khan1,2 and C. Maria Keet1
    1
        Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
                                  mkeet@cs.uct.ac.za
        2
          Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
                                   zkhan@csir.co.za

Foundational ontologies (FOs) provide general entities that aid in ontology devel-
opment to facilitate modelling, improve interoperability among domain ontolo-
gies, and they have been shown [2] to improve the quality of domain ontologies.
There are several hurdles to their uptake, however, including (i) ontology de-
velopers face great difficulty understanding the FOs philosophical notions and
entities, (ii) there are various views among ontology developers about how these
general entities are defined and their philosophical assumptions, hence there are
many FOs, yet one needs to be chosen for ontology development, (iii) though
chosen to use one foundational ontology, one still may want to link to another
to foster ontology interoperability, and (iv) some FOs are highly axiomatised
such that it negatively impacts any possible scalable ontology-driven applica-
tion. To solve the first two problems, we have developed the ONtology Selection
and Explanation Tool ONSET [5]. The Software Used to Gain Ontology In-
teroperability, SUGOI, can automatically ‘swap’ between DOLCE, BFO, and
GFO-aligned OWL ontologies [6], solving the third issue. For the latter, we
have developed the Repository for Ontologies of MULtiple USes, ROMULUS [4]
[www.thezfiles.co.za/ROMULUS/], which also gives access to SUGOI and ONSET.

ROMULUS’s components ROMULUS is an online repository for FOs aimed
at improving semantic interoperability and giving the public access to tools and
features to assist with FO usage. Besides typical ontology repository features, it
has a set of machine-processable, modularised, and interchangeable FOs in OWL.
Its features and components are presented in Fig. 1, which aid FO mediation,
interchangeability, selection, browsing, understanding, and usage. Besides ON-
SET and SUGOI, one can access FO mediation data (alignments and mappings)
between FOs, and metadata of its ontologies, which are stored in a searchable
database. It also links with other tools, such as SWAT Natural Language tools
[9], WebProtégé [10], and the OWL files are shared with OntoHub [8].

ONSET recommends an appropriate FO to an ontology developer, based upon
the developer’s requirements. The recommendation is based on criteria that dif-
ferent FOs satisfy and an optional weighting of categories of criteria set by the
ontology developer. ONSET then computes the most suitable FO; if the user’s
selected criteria matches more than one FO, then these conflicting results are
displayed and explained. ONSET is available as a jar file and integrated with
ROMULUS.
          Fig. 1. The interaction and features of ROMULUS’s components.


SUGOI allows the user to load their domain ontology that is linked to either
DOLCE [7], BFO [http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/], or a GFO [1] FO module, and
automatically interchange it between the three, so that one can ‘offer’ one’s
ontology to different groups of users. It is based on extensive work on FO align-
ment [3] and its OWL mapping files and a novel algorithm to swap FOs [6].

References
 1. Herre, H.: General Formal Ontology (GFO): A foundational ontology for concep-
    tual modelling. In: Theory and Applications of Ontology: Computer Applications,
    chap. 14, pp. 297–345. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
 2. Keet, C.M.: The use of foundational ontologies in ontology development: an em-
    pirical assessment. In: Proc. of ESWC’11. LNCS, vol. 6643, pp. 321–335. Springer
    (2011), heraklion, Crete, Greece, 29 May-2 June, 2011
 3. Khan, Z., Keet, C.M.: Addressing issues in foundational ontology mediation. In:
    Proc. of KEOD’13. pp. 5–16. SCITEPRESS (2013), Vilamoura, Portugal, 19-22
    Sept. 2013
 4. Khan, Z., Keet, C.M.: The foundational ontology library ROMULUS. In: Proc. of
    MEDI’13. LNCS, vol. 8216, pp. 200–211. Springer (2013), Sept. 25-27, Amantea,
    Italy
 5. Khan, Z., Keet, C.M.: ONSET: Automated foundational ontology selection and
    explanation. In: Proc. of EKAW’12. LNAI, vol. 7603, pp. 237–251. Springer (2012),
    Oct 8-12, Galway, Ireland
 6. Khan, Z., Keet, C.M.: Feasibility of automated foundational ontology interchange-
    ability. In: Proc. of EKAW’14. LNAI, Springer (2014), 24-28 Nov, Linköping, Swe-
    den. (accepted)
 7. Masolo, C., Borgo, S., Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Oltramari, A.: On-
    tology library. WonderWeb Deliverable D18 (ver. 1.0, 31-12-2003). (2003),
    http://wonderweb.semanticweb.org
 8. Mossakowski, T., Kutz, O., Codescu, M.: Ontohub: A semantic repository for het-
    erogeneous ontologies. In: Proc. of DACS’14 (2014), 15-16 Sept, 2014, Bucharest,
    Romania
 9. Third, A., Williams, S., Power, R.: OWL to English : a tool for generating organised
    easily-navigated hypertexts from ontologies (2011), ISWC’11 poster/demo, 23 - 27
    Oct 2011, Bonn, Germany
10. Tudorache, T., Vendetti, J., Noy, N.F.: Web-Protégé: A lightweight OWL ontology
    editor for the web. In: Proc. of OWLED’08. CEUR-WS, vol. 432 (2008)

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