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  <front>
    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>User-centric Process Modeling and Enactment: The Clavii BPM Platform</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Klaus Kammerer</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Jens Kolb</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Kevin Andrews</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Stefan Bueringer</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Britta Meyer</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Manfred Reichert</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Institute of Databases and Information Systems Ulm University</institution>
          ,
          <country country="DE">Germany</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <abstract>
        <p>The increasing adoption of process-aware information systems (PAISs) has resulted in large process model collections involving different process participants. We present the Clavii BPM platform, which enables end users to participate not only in process model execution, but model creation as well. Clavii o ers a modern user interface with a strong focus on ease of use, unifying di erent aspects of the BPM lifecycle in one tool, i.e., process model editor and process engine. As a result, end users are supported in managing and executing process models.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Process Modeling</kwd>
        <kwd>Process Execution</kwd>
        <kwd>Process Change</kwd>
        <kwd>Process Model Abstraction</kwd>
        <kwd>User-centered Process Management</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>-</title>
      <p>
        Process-aware information systems (PAISs) provide support for business
processes at the operational level [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">9</xref>
        ]. Usually, a PAIS separates process logic from
application code, relying on explicit process models. This enables a separation
of concerns, which is a well established principle in computer science to increase
maintainability and reduce costs of change [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">6</xref>
        ]. The increasing adoption of PAISs
has resulted in large process model collections involving di erent domains,
organizational units, and user roles as well as dozens of activities [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref12">12</xref>
        ]. Participating
in the BPM lifecycle requires that each user role is able to create, evolve or
execute such process models [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref13">13</xref>
        ]. Additionally, customizable visualizations and
abstractions of process models improve their management by enabling
personalized views for end users [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10 ref11">10, 11</xref>
        ].
      </p>
      <p>Usually, the creation of business process models is fragmented. To be more
precise, process models are created with di erent tools compared to the ones
used for model execution. Enabling end users to participate in the entire BPM
Copyright c 2015 for this paper by its authors. Copying permitted for private and
academic purposes.
lifecycle, however, requires integrated tooling and ease of use. The Clavii BPM
platform addresses these challenges by supporting users with numerous functions
integrated in an intuitive and uniform user interface.</p>
      <p>Figure 1 gives an overview of the Clavii BPM platform. Clavii enables users
to create (Step 1 ), change (Step 2 ), and abstract process models (Step 3 )
intuitively. Created process models can be shared across registered users (Step 4 )
in order to document (Step 5 ), change, and execute them collaboratively. Users
are enabled to execute process models at any time (Step 6 ). Finally, a dashboard
allows monitoring executed processes (Step 7 ).</p>
      <p>4
1</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>Share</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>Create</title>
      <p>6</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-4">
      <title>Execute</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-5">
      <title>5 Document</title>
      <p>2</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-6">
      <title>Change</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-7">
      <title>3 Abstract</title>
      <p>7</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-8">
      <title>Monitor</title>
      <sec id="sec-8-1">
        <title>Collaboration</title>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-8-2">
        <title>Process Build-time</title>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-8-3">
        <title>Process Run-time</title>
        <p>m
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        <p>Section 2 introduces the application scenario we use for the demonstration.
Section 3 presents the Clavii BPM platform. Section 4 then describes how the
application scenario can be supported with the Clavii BPM platform. Finally,
Section 5 concludes the paper.
2</p>
        <sec id="sec-8-3-1">
          <title>Application Scenario</title>
          <p>{ R1: It should be possible to create BPMN 2.0 process models.
{ R2: Visual appearance of process models should be adaptable for each user
(role) according to his BPM knowledge. In particular, this necessitates
process model abstractions; e.g., hiding service tasks from end users.
4
{ R3: In order to involve multiple users, process models should be shareable.
{ R4: Process models need to be enriched with a sophisticated, yet intuitive
data ow perspective to support process execution.
{ R5: Service tasks in process models should be connectable with executable
program code. Additionally, user task forms should be generated
automatically.
{ R6: Created process models should be executable at any time, i.e., while
designing, modeling, monitoring, or evolving them. Furthermore,
modeling should obey the correctness-by-construction principle. In order to
support process model execution at any lifecycle stage, process models lacking
execution-relevant information, like gateway decisions (cf. Step 5 ), should
still be executable.</p>
          <p>{ R7: Process instances should be monitored in a respective dashboard.
3</p>
        </sec>
        <sec id="sec-8-3-2">
          <title>Clavii BPM Platform Architecture</title>
        </sec>
        <sec id="sec-8-3-3">
          <title>Clavii Demonstration</title>
          <p>
            We revisit the scenario and requirements from Section 2 in the context of Clavii.
{ R1: Clavii allows creating an arbitrary number of process models by o ering
an intuitive web interface [
            <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2 ref7">2, 7</xref>
            ]. The modern user interface supports
multitouch and drag&amp;drop operations in order to conveniently create and modify
process models while preserving their control ow correctness.
{ R2: Clavii allows users to interact with process models at di erent
levels of abstraction. For this purpose, well-de ned declarative abstraction
descriptions (e.g., "show only tasks assigned to the currently logged-in user")
can be applied [
            <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3 ref5">3, 5</xref>
            ]. Further, Clavii enables users to change the visual
appearance of process models, e.g., by switching between various notations.
          </p>
          <p>
            Further notations may be added to the Clavii framework [
            <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2 ref4">2, 4</xref>
            ].
{ R3: Clavii provides a powerful OrgModelManager that allows for the
speci cation of organizational units, roles and users for authenticating and
assigning tasks.
{ R4: Modeling data ows in process models is supported by a sophisticated
TypeFramework that allows users to specify hierarchical business objects as
well as their association with tasks [
            <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>
            ]. Clavii aims to (semi-)automate the
assignment of business objects to service tasks.
{ R5: Clavii o ers an extensible plugin architecture for service tasks, e.g.,
uploading les to cloud storage providers, sending e-mails, retrieving and
storing data in databases, or managing web calendars. Plugins are connectable
to tasks using drag &amp; drop operations. Furthermore, user task forms are
automatically generated by analyzing data element types (cf. R4).
{ R6: A Clavii process model may be executed in any stage of its lifecycle.
          </p>
          <p>In case information provided by a process model is missing for proper
execution (e.g., conditional gateways lack correct decisions). Users can provide
them during run-time. Additionally, the run-time perspective is seamlessly
integrated into Clavii's process modeling environment, allowing for the
execution of process models without switching away from the modeling context
of the Clavii Web Interface (cf. Figure 4).
{ R7: Process instances can be monitored as well. To this end, the instance is
enriched with additional information, like execution times of tasks (cf. 1 in
Figure 4).</p>
          <p>These aspects are illustrated by a screencast on the project's website:
www.clavii.com/screencast.
5</p>
        </sec>
        <sec id="sec-8-3-4">
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>In the demo, we present the Clavii BPM platform and its key functions as
proof-of-concept to allow for the collaborative creation and execution of process
models. A modern web-based user interface o ers an intuitive way to manage
process models.</p>
          <p>The Clavii BPM platform is implemented as a web-based application
platform. This allows users to simultaneously change and execute process models.
Furthermore, user experiments are planned in order to systematically analyze
whether the evolution of large process models can be improved by using the
Clavii BPM platform. Overall, we believe that the Clavii BPM platform o ers
promising perspectives for small and medium businesses lacking BPM expertise.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
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