=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1495/paper_25
|storemode=property
|title=Compilation of a Multilingual (Spanish / English / French / Portuguese) Glossary of Rural Tourism Terms of Castile and Leon
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1495/paper_25.pdf
|volume=Vol-1495
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/tia/Mendez-CendonP15
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==Compilation of a Multilingual (Spanish / English / French / Portuguese) Glossary of Rural Tourism Terms of Castile and Leon==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1495/paper_25.pdf
Proceedings of the conference Terminology and Artificial Intelligence 2015 (Granada, Spain)
197
Compilation of a Multilingual (Spanish / English / French / Portuguese) Lexicon
of Rural Tourism Terms of Castile and Leon
Beatriz Méndez Cendón Leonor Pérez Ruiz
Associate Professor Associate Professor
Departamento de Filología Inglesa Departamento de Filología Inglesa
Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
Plaza del Campus Universitario s/n Plaza del Campus Universitario s/n
Universidad de Valladolid Universidad de Valladolid
E-47011 E-47011
cendon@lia.uva.es lperezru@fyl.uva.es
One way to overcome this difficulty is to provide
Abstract catering personnel with a means to easily and
quickly check up difficult terms not easy to find
Our aim is to give an account of the pro-
in a traditional dictionary.
cess carried out in the compilation of a
There are several studies devoted to analyzing
multilingual lexicon of rural tourism
the terminology used in rural tourism in Spanish
terms. This lexicon provides equivalents
(Fuentes Luque, 2005, 2009; Bonomi, De Santi-
of Spanish local culturally-loaded terms
ago & Santos López, 2014; Calvi, 2001, Fijo
in English, French and Portuguese, the
Léon & Fuentes Luque, 2013, Le Poder & Fuen-
languages spoken by the vast majority of
tes Luque, 2005; Kelly, 2005); however, most of
visitors to Castile and Leon. This tool
them provide just a monolingual perspective.
will contribute to improve the communi-
Thus, as part of an ongoing project devoted to
cation in the catering industry in this re-
analyzing different strategies for the wooing and
gion and will prove to be a user-friendly
catering of local rural tourism, we have designed
and time-saving device. More specifi-
a multilingual lexicon of rural tourism terms that
cally, we have created this termi-
we believe will contribute to enhance the foreign
nographic tool as a contribution to: (i) the
language ability of those who work in the rural
understanding and fruitful
tourism sector.
communication between foreign visitors
The languages included in our lexicon are Span-
and local workforce; (ii) the specific
ish, English, French and Portuguese, since these
language needs of this workforce
are the languages spoken by the majority of visi-
involved in facilitating a pleasant stay to
tors to Castile and Leon (Boletín de Coyuntura
foreign travelers; (iii) the learning of the
Turística de Castilla y León, 2014).
uses, needs and preferences of tourists;
(iv) the avoidance of pitfalls in written 2 The language of rural tourism
texts - web pages, menus, letters, bro-
chures, etc. Our lexicon consists of over Rural tourism is the kind of tourism that takes
4,600 terms in Spanish and their place in the countryside, and is based on local
equivalents in English, French and Por- resources. It includes a wide array of tourism
tuguese. activities and services in rural destinations,
where the different businesses operating there are
1 Introduction often owned and managed by local entrepreneurs
and their families; typically they offer small-
Communication barriers are a big challenge for
scale accommodation, homemade cuisine and
rural tourism businesses who wish to increase
close contact with nature and the host com-
guest satisfaction ratings, when it comes to pro-
munity.
viding quality service to international markets.
Rural tourism involves the direct contact with the
Proceedings of the conference Terminology and Artificial Intelligence 2015 (Granada, Spain)
198
culture of the area –its folklore, customs, gas- churches and convents, castles and fortifications,
tronomy, etc. - and therefore, the language of handicraft, popular celebrations, typical dishes,
tourism serves as a link between the visitors and businesses and so on-. To be included in this lex-
the place they are visiting together with its cul- icon these subdomains had to directly apply to an
ture (Durán Muñoz, 2008:31). issue relevant to Castile and Leon rural tourism.
One significant characteristic of rural tourism is
its intimate connection with ethnography, heri-
Once the Spanish terms were assigned to the dif-
tage, art and architecture, history and rural life.
ferent subfields, the experts had to conduct a re-
Thus, the consequence of the promotion of these
search in order to find appropriate equivalents
destinations has been the revival of former meth-
for these often very culturally-loaded Spanish
ods of production and ways of living, which fa-
terms in the target languages. When no equiva-
vor the re-use of terms in many cases obsolete
lent term was found, these specialists had to
and/or outdated. But it is also very closely linked
elaborate a concise and precise definition ex-
with other areas of study, such as marketing,
plaining the entry term.
economics, public relations, geography and land-
scaping, etc. It is due to this varied mixture of The final product is a lexicon consisting of more
disciplines that linguists play a basic and funda- than 4,600 terms in Spanish and their equivalents
mental role in the supervision of the correct use in English, French and Portuguese. This lexico-
of language in rural tourism communicative graphic tool is in the process of being published
situations. Our interest in this work is from a as a printed terminographic resource and also as
lexicographic perspective and it should be noted an online source. The reason for these two ver-
that the emergence of rural tourism in the past sions is that, due to the specific orographical
few years worldwide but also in Castile and characteristics of the region of Castile and León,
Leon, has contributed to the widening of the it is very difficult to access the Internet in vari-
“repertoire of this specialized language” (Fijo & ous locations due to technical problems; there-
Fuentes, 2013:213). From a multilingual per- fore, a hard copy version of the lexicon would be
spective, a problem that arises from this phe- the most appropriate solution. On the other hand,
nomenon is the constant divergence found an online version of the lexicon will allow the
between the terms used in the different lan- authors to constantly update it with new terms.
guages; and this is something we intend to clar- Also this terminology tool will easily be ac-
ify with this empirical analysis and classification. cessed through app devices.
3 Methodology
Our multilingual lexicon is the result of a team 4. Results
project that includes university professors from The lexicon compiled contains terms dealing
different Linguistics and Translation departments with different subfields of rural tourism. While
of Portuguese, French and English languages finding appropriate equivalents for the terms, we
from the University of Valladolid (Spain) and had to face various terminology and translation
Universidad do Minho (Portugal). issues. Often we had great difficulty when there
was a lack of equivalent in the target language
To build our lexicon we have first compiled a
due to referential opacity or if there was one it
monolingual electronic corpus of Spanish online
was either too general, inaccurate or confusing
rural tourism websites and pdf documents refer-
(Rabadán, 1991: 166). When unable to detect a
ring to Castile and Leon tourism. The corpus
correct equivalent, we decided to rather include a
consisted of 350 texts in Spanish (50,000 words).
brief and accurate description of the pertaining
For the extraction of the Spanish candidate terms
term, for example this was the case of the terms
we used a word list generated by AntConc,
‘palloza’ and ‘hogaza’:
which is a free online corpus analysis tool. Once
extracted, a selection of these terms was made, palloza: traditional stone thatched house typical of Leon
discarding those that were not appropriate for our (En) maison en pierres sèches, couverte de paille, typique du
nord de Léon (Fr) casa de campo, quinta típica da Leão (Pt)
purposes. The selected Spanish terms were clas-
sified and a conceptual tree was built using tags hogaza (de pan): round multi-grain peasant bread (En)
designating different subfields of the domain of miche (Fr) fogaça (Pt)
rural tourism -art, artistic activities, architecture,
Proceedings of the conference Terminology and Artificial Intelligence 2015 (Granada, Spain)
199
(Pt)
esculpir (metal): to engrave (En) sculpter (Fr) gravar (Pt)
When the case was that the Spanish term has
been borrowed, sometimes we decided to also tallar (madera): to carve (En) tailler, sculpter (Fr) talhar
include a brief explanation in the target language. (madeira) (Pt)
The reason for this is that we believe that despite autostop (hacer): to hitch-hike (En) auto-stop (Fr) pedir,
the lexicalization of this borrowing, some users andar à boleia (Pt)
may not be familiar with it yet. This is the case bicicleta (ir en): to cycle (En) monter à vélo (Fr) andar
of ‘sangría’: de bicicleta (Pt)
sangría: sangria, red wine punch (En) sangria, boisson caballo (ir a): to ride (En) monter à cheval (Fr) montar (Pt)
rafraîchissante à base de vin rouge et de jus de citron (Fr)
sangria (Pt) On other occasions, the equivalents are other
collocations in the target languages:
Another important issue we had to cope with was aire (tomar el): to get some fresh air (En) prendre l’air
the case of polysemous words. There are some (Fr) ar (apanhar) (Pt)
words that are found under two different sub-
copa (tomar una): to have a drink (En) prendre un
fields since they are used with different mean- verre (Fr) beber um copo (Pt)
ings in each subfield, for example: ‘muela’ listed
ciclismo de montaña (hacer): to go mountain-
under the subfields handicraft and parts of the biking (En) faire du cyclisme de montagne (Fr) fazer ciclismo
body, ‘crucero’ listed under churches and con- de montanha (Pt)
vents and traditional architecture, and ‘talla’
belonging to the fields clothes and accessories as
well as sculpture. Since we also provide an al- 5. Conclusion
phabetical list of all the terms the user can refer The ultimate goal of our study has been to make
to it if in doubt. a minor contribution to the communication be-
muela (molino): millstone (En) meule (Fr) moinho (Pt) tween foreign visitors and local workforce in the
(HANDICRAFT) rural catering industry. We have found that there
muela: molar, back tooth (En) molaire (Fr) molar (Pt) were relevant issues that needed to be clarified
(PARTS OF THE BODY)
when searching for the right equivalents in the
crucero: transept (En) croisée du transept (Fr) transepto target language – e.g. opacity, borrowings, lexi-
(Pt) (CHURCHES AND CONVENTS)
crucero: stone cross (En) calvaire, croix dressée sur une calization, polysemy, collocations and so on. We
plate-forme ou à un carrefour (Fr) hope that our lexicographic tool will be of great
cruzeiro (Pt) (TRADICTIONAL ARCHITECTURE) help to those involved in the different areas of
talla (madera): carving (En) sculpture (Fr) talha (Pt) the rural tourism industry.
(SCULPTURE)
talla: size (En) taille (Fr) tamanho (Pt) (CLOTHES AND Acknowledgments
ACCESSORIES)
This paper has been written in the framework of
We also took into account the most relevant col- the research projects: “Los idiomas al servicio
locations in the language of rural tourism in del turismo rural de Castilla y León:
Spanish while compiling our lexicon. A colloca- Optimización de los métodos de captación,
tion is a recurrent word combination consisting fidelización y atención al turismo de habla
of a base and one or more collocates (Méndez inglesa, portuguesa y francesa” (VA018A10-1),
Cendón, 2004: 196). We used a concordance tool supported financially by the Junta de Castilla y
to detect collocations. The high frequency of oc- León and “Léxico Combinatorio en Medicina:
currence of a given collocate with a certain base Cognición, Texto y Contexto (CombiMed)”
was a key issue to identify a collocation for the (FFI2014-51899-R), supported financially by the
lexicon. It is important to mention that some- Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.
times there is just a verb as the equivalent in one
or some of the target languages instead of an References
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‘ir en bicicleta’ and ‘ir a caballo’: tourism in Spain: an Analysis of Recent Evolution.
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Proceedings of the conference Terminology and Artificial Intelligence 2015 (Granada, Spain)
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