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{{Paper
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|title=Spatial Distribution Modelling of Juvenile Common Pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Relation to Habitat in the Shallow Waters of Gökçeada Using GIS
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1498/HAICTA_2015_paper75.pdf
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|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/haicta/KaleAAO15
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==Spatial Distribution Modelling of Juvenile Common Pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Relation to Habitat in the Shallow Waters of Gökçeada Using GIS==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1498/HAICTA_2015_paper75.pdf
Spatial Distribution Modelling of Juvenile Common
Pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Relation
to Habitat in the Shallow Waters of Gökçeada Using GIS
Semih Kale1, Aytac Altin2, Hakan Ayyildiz3, Ozcan Ozen4
1
Department of Fishing and Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and
Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey,
e-mail: semihkale@comu.edu.tr
2
Department of Fisheries Technology, Gökçeada School of Applied Sciences, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey, e-mail: aytacaltin@gmail.com
3
Department of Fisheries Technology, Gökçeada School of Applied Sciences, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey, e-mail: h_ayyildiz@comu.edu.tr
4
Department of Marine Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology,
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey, e-mail: oozen@comu.edu.tr
Abstract. The distribution of juvenile Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
species was studied by the abundance, density and habitat preferences in the
shallow waters of Gökçeada. Fish samples were obtained in experimental
beach seine and beam trawl surveys carried out between 2013 June to 2014
May in the shallow waters of Gökçeada. To understand the habitat preferences
of the species, sediment samples were collected and sediment composition was
determined by grain size distribution analysis. The spatial distribution of
juvenile Pagellus erythrinus species in relation to the habitat structure was
estimated and modelled using Geographic Information System (GIS) and
geostatistical tools. It was observed that juvenile Pagellus erythrinus species
prefer the rocky areas which in 5-10 m water depth in the shallow waters of
Gökçeada.
Keywords: Distribution, Juvenile, Pagellus erythrinus, Modelling, Gökçeada,
GIS.
1 Introduction
Fish species which belong to the Sparidae family are important marine resources that
play an important role in demersal fish community (Gomes et al., 2001) for fisheries
and they are widespread in the Mediterranean Sea (Gordoa and Moli, 1997).
Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758) is a demersal species
(Fischer et al., 1987) occurring to 220 m water depth (Russel, 2014) and the juvenile
individuals are common near to the coastline (Ardizzone and Messina, 1983,
Papaconstantiou et al., 1988) and has high commercial value in the Mediterranean
coasts and distributes along the coasts of the central eastern and northeastern Atlantic
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Ocean (Bauchot and Hureau, 1986; Sanches, 1991) and the Mediterranean Sea
(Bauchot, 1987). Some various aspects of the common pandora such as biology,
feeding ecology, distribution, life history and fisheries have been previously studied
(Zei and Zupanovic, 1961; Hashem and Gassim, 1981; Ardizzone and Messina,
1983; Ünsal, 1984; Andaloro and Giarritta, 1985; Girardin and Quignard, 1985;
Papaconstantinou et al., 1988; Livadas, 1989; Mytilineou, 1989; Santos et al., 1995;
Gonçalves et al 1997; Özaydın, 1997; Pajuelo and Lorenzo, 1998; Benli et al., 2001;
Somarakis and Machias, 2002; Hoşsucu and Türker, 2003; Abecasis et al., 2008;
Coelho et al., 2010; Fanelli et al., 2011). It can be found in various bottoms such as
rock, gravel, sand and mud (Russel, 2014). Habitat preference of a species may
change spatially and temporally for each life stages of the fishes (Crec’hriou et al.,
2008). The relationship between environment and species can change because of the
several factors (i.e. fish behavior, oceanographic characteristics). To understand how
they can be affected, the habitat mapping offers a chance (Koubbi et al., 2006).
In this study we aimed to determine habitat preferences and to model the spatial
distribution of juvenile Pagellus erythrinus species. Surveys were conducted in the
shallow waters of Gökçeada Island (the northern Aegean Sea, Turkey). We combined
geostatistical tools and GIS to model the spatial distribution of juvenile fish species
in relation to the habitat structure.
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Study Area
Gökçeada was located in the northern Aegean Sea between 25°65’ – 26°05’ E and
40°05’–40°25’ N (Fig. 1). The study area encompasses the shallow waters of
Gökçeada between 0-20 m water depths.
Fig. 1. The study area.
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2.2 Sampling and Data Collection
Fish Sampling
Fish samples were collected in experimental beach seine and beam trawl surveys
carried out in 6 different stations and 3 different water depth (0-2 m, 5-10 m and 10-
20 m) between 2013 June to 2014 May in the shallow waters of Gökçeada (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Fish sampling stations (A: Beam Trawl; I: Beach Seine)
Sediment Sampling
Sediment samples were collected with a 0.1 m2 van Veen grab at the sampling
stations (Fig. 3). The collections of grabs in the stations were stored in sealed plastic
bags until the analysis. Then sediment samples were dried at 105°C for 24 hours in
an oven (Yee et al., 1992). Granulometry analysis was conducted for determining the
sediment grain size and quantity. Data were analyzed for the characterization of the
bottom sediment as the percentages of gravel, sand and mud (Folk, 1954).
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Fig. 3. Sediment sampling stations (Study area was divided into the grids which 1x1 min
latitude and longitude and the grids were labelled from the North to the South alphabetically
and from the West to the East numerically).
3 Results
The habitat structure was classified and modelled in the shallow waters of
Gökçeada Island (Fig. 4). GIS and geostatistical tools were used to model species
potential distribution in relation to habitat.
Fig. 4. The habitat structure in the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island.
The distribution and density of juvenile common pandora species were estimated
considering the water depth and also modelled. The density of juvenile common
pandora fish species was predicted as 2794.67 fish/km2, 29757.39 fish/km2, and
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13022.74 fish/km2 for 0-2 m, 5-10 m and 10-20 m water depth, respectively (Fig. 5).
The density was found the highest in 5-10 m water depth, and the lowest in 0-2 m
water depth. It is observed that juvenile common pandora species prefer the rocky
areas in 5-10 m water depth. Also the species were observed in rocky areas and
seagrass beds in 10-20 m and rarely sandy areas in 0-2 m water depth in Gökçeada
shallow waters.
Fig. 5. The density and spatial distribution of juvenile common pandora on suitable habitats
4 Discussion
Habitat structure is one of the key issues that describe the changeability of
Mediterranean fish assemblages (García-Charton and Pérez-Ruzafa, 2001; García-
Charton et al., 2004). Bauchot ve Hureau (1990) notified that Pagellus erythrinus
lives in the rocky, sandy, muddy bottoms and seagrass beds in 0-150 m water depth.
The results of this study showed that the juvenile common pandora species occur in
the shallow waters and prefer the rocky areas, seagrass beds and rarely sandy
bottoms in the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island. This species would prefer these
habitats for feeding, sheltering and nursery grounds in the shallow waters due to
those waters are warmer than the deeper, are very rich in terms of food and the
juvenile species are vulnerable during early life stages. Also, it is high commercially
valuable fish species in this area.
Shallow waters are important areas for juvenile fish species in terms of
recruitment and fisheries management. (Gibson et al., 1996; Harris and Cyrus, 1996;
Nash and Santos, 1998; Layman, 2000; Polte et al., 2005). Most of fish species use
these areas during early life periods for sheltering, feeding and nursery area. Beck et
al. (2001) stated that a nursery habitat must support further additives to the adult
recruitment about density, growth, survival of juveniles and movements to the other
adult habitats. The assessment of species distributions and habitats is one of the
676
essential elements to develop comprehensible marine strategies (European
Commission, 2010). GIS makes available new approaches for the more data
processing with the integration and management of fishing survey data. Main
existence areas of the species can be determined by the integration of fishing survey
data with bathymetry (Valavanis et al., 2004). To ensure sustainable recruits and
maintain the spawning stock, technical measures such as regulations of fishing gears
and methods or area and time restrictions would be required. Pajuelo and Lorenzo
(1998) recommended to apply the regulations of fishing gears and methods for
ensuring that species is not targeted through the short spawning period. Also,
monitoring the population should be continued (Russel, 2014).
5 Conclusion
This study provides new information on the spatial and bathymetric distribution of
P. erythrinus in the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean Sea. The spatial distribution,
abundance and density of P. erythrinus was mapped to show possible distribution of
juvenile species on suitable habitats. The bathymetric pattern of abundance and
density showed a decrease at 0-2 m water depth. The density was found the highest
in 5-10 m water depth. It is observed that juvenile common pandora species prefer
the rocky areas in 5-10 m water depth in the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island.
Acknowledgments. This research was supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and
Technical Research Council of Turkey) (Project no: 112Y062). The authors would
thank to project team who support in the field study.
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