=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1528/paper9
|storemode=property
|title=A Low Cost System for Home Energy Consumption Awareness
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1528/paper9.pdf
|volume=Vol-1528
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ami/Buono15
}}
==A Low Cost System for Home Energy Consumption Awareness==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1528/paper9.pdf
A Low Cost System for
Home Energy Consumption Awareness
Paolo Buono
Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
Via Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy
paolo.buono@uniba.it
http://ivu.di.uniba.it/people/buono.htm
Abstract. One of the main reasons of domestic energy waste is due to occu-
pants’ habits, since they are often not aware of the energy they are consuming.
This paper presents a low cost system for home energy consumption awareness.
The first prototype considers electrical energy and uses only two sensors: one to
monitor energy produced by solar panels and one to monitor consumed energy.
A visualization shows people their consumption patterns in order to make them
aware of energy consumption and change their habits to save energy.
Keywords: sensor network, circular visualization, quantifying self
1 Introduction
The increased attention given to energy waste pushes people to monitor their habits in
order to save energy and reduce costs. Through consumer choices, the energy system
can become more sustainable, both by lowering energy costs and reducing the impact on
the environment. Changing to a more energy-efficient apparatus and people’s lifestyle
energy use at home may be reduced by 20% [7]. According to a study on 600 Swedish
households, patterns of behavior may influence levels of energy use to the same extent
as the choice of appliances [10]. Technology may help people better understand how
they use energy and push them to change their habits.
A comparison of different systems that allow users to manage home appliances con-
firms that often people do not have a precise understanding of the types of energy and
of how much energy an appliance uses [1]. The adoption of non invasive technologies
can allow householders to monitor and improve their awareness of energy consump-
tion [4]. Hargreaves et al. interviewed 15 householders who bought energy meters for
their houses, provided with an interface inspired by car dashboards [8]. Two main re-
sults were found: 1) people using such monitors mainly expect a considerable saving
of energy; 2) people are not always keen to change their habits. Moreover, it confirmed
that one of the main reasons of domestic energy waste is due to occupants’ habits, since
they are often not aware of the energy they are consuming.
Copyright c 2015 for this paper by its authors. Copying permitted for private and academic
purposes.
2 Paolo Buono
This work aims at providing householders with a cheap, non intrusive system to
monitor energy consumption of an apartment equipped with solar panels, in order to
provide the user with insights into energy production and consumption.
2 The system
Our goal is to propose a system to make people aware of their own behaviors in order
to influence their habits and help them to reduce energy consumption.
In order to facilitate the adoption of such system, we chose a cheap and small sensor
that wraps an electric wire and, by exploiting the Hall effect, detects the amount of
electricity passing through the wire. No technical skills are required to install the system
and no change in the plant is needed. One sensor is a ring that wraps the solar panel
output wire, the other sensor wraps the electricity meter output wire, in order to monitor
energy production and consumption, respectively. The two sensors are connected to an
Arduino board that sends data to a server by means of a wireless module. The server
preprocess data in order to make them immediately available to the users. Real-time
data about energy production and consumption are shown to the users through a client
that uses a circular visualization technique.
Fig. 1. The schema of the house plant; A solar panel meter; B house consumption meter; C real-
time energy meter; D server; E user interface
Figure 1 shows a basic scheme of the system setup. Box A represents the solar
panel meter (panels are installed on the house roof), B represents the meter of the elec-
trical energy supplied to the house. The unused energy produced by the solar panels
is released to the electricity network. Box C represents a device that collects real-time
data on both the energy production (through the sensor represented by the green box
between boxes A and B) and the energy consumption (through the sensor represented
by the red box below C). C sends the collected data to a server D, which stores and
processes the data. The client E, which runs on a computer in the house, allows the user
to see data; real-time data are visualized using a dashboard-like tool, shown in Figure
2. The green handle points at the energy production value at the current time, while the
red handle points at the energy consumption value. To show users the exact values of
production and consumption, their digital values are reported in the two boxes under
the label “Energy”, the green box is labeled with P (Production) and the red box is la-
beled with C (Consumption), respectively. In the example of Figure 2, the value of the
produced energy is 1143.9, while the value of the consumed energy is 541.2.
A circular visualization technique is used to show, in a compact way, data refer-
ring to a certain day, as pictured in Figure 3, in order to provide awareness of energy
A Low Cost System for Home Energy Consumption Awareness 3
produced and consumed that day. The technique has been inspired by a previous one
used in the context of collaboration awareness [5]. Data are displayed through two cir-
cular histograms drawn inside a circular stripe. A clock metaphor is exploited, showing
around the stripe 24 hours instead of the usual 12 hours of real clocks. Many indications
are provided by this visualization. For example, the histogram of produced energy (in
purple) reveals that the solar panels produced energy efficiently all day except in the
interval 11:10-11:30 because the sun was hidden by clouds; later, during the afternoon
some small clouds covered the solar cells several times for short intervals until dark
(about 18:00). The histogram of consumed energy (in blue) is irregular because it de-
scribes events depending on people’s behavior, i.e. use of dishwasher, TV sets, etc. The
comb shape from 14:20 to 15:20 is the pattern determined by the use of an oven. A sim-
ilar shape is found in other appliances, whose main component is an electric resistance,
e.g. water heater, air conditioner, electric stove. This pattern has been studied by other
researchers, like in [9], where the visualization is linear.
Fig. 2. Real-time monitor
Fig. 3. The visualization technique
The current prototype shows the number of occupants at a certain time using a color
scale. In the example of Figure 3, lighter colors indicate more occupants. The maximum
number of occupants is 5 (white), they are all at home from 23:30 to 8:00. Since color
themes are available in the tool, color coding can be easily modified, in order to meet the
users preferences. A visualization of several concentric circular stripes can be provided
so that the user can compare data from different days. This has already been performed
in [5]. It was observed that the user has no difficulties with up to ten stripes represented
on a 13 inch screen.
We are confident that this compact visualization, which makes people aware of
home energy consumption, will be able to stimulate them to change their habits, in
order to save energy. To this aim, a longitudinal study should be performed. The work
done so far has concentrated on the whole system implementation and on an effective
adaptation of the circular visualization technique to the energy consumption domain.
Formative evaluations were performed during the system prototype design and devel-
4 Paolo Buono
opment, through user tests with thinking aloud protocol, involving four householder.
Useful feedback was collected, which helped improving the successive prototypes. In
order to correctly evaluate and maximize impact of this proposal on end users, great
attention must be payed to the usability evaluation and on how to address UX practice
during prototype development [2], [3].
Future work can also be performed on the recognition of the type of appliances that
use energy. The visualization could display histograms whose bars have different colors
according to the use appliances, in order to tell the user which are those consuming more
energy. To make this possible, proper disaggregation methods have to be adopted (see,
for example, [6]).
Acknowledgments
This work is partially supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research
under the PON 02 00563 3470993 “VINCENTE” grant and by the Italian Ministry of
Economic Development under PON Industria 2015 MI01 00294 “LOGIN” grant. The
author thanks Domenico Monaco for contributing to the prototype implementation.
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