<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "JATS-archivearticle1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <front>
    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Project Cost, Benefit and Risk Analysis using Bayesian Networks</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Anthony Constantinou</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Norman Fenton</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Martin Neil</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Eike Luedeling</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Keith Shepherd</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Barbaros Yet</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>Department of Industrial Engineering, Hacettepe University</institution>
          ,
          <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution>School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London</institution>
          ,
          <country country="UK">UK</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution>World Agroforestry Centre</institution>
          ,
          <country country="KE">Kenya</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <abstract>
        <p>Uncertainty and risks are common elements of all major projects. Yet such uncertainty is rarely effectively calculated when analysing project costs and benefits. This paper presents a Bayesian network (BN) modelling framework to calculate the costs, benefits, and return on investment of a project over a specified time period, allowing for changing circumstances and trade-offs. The framework uses hybrid and dynamic BNs containing both discrete and continuous variables over multiple time stages. The BN calculates costs and benefits based on multiple causal factors including the effects of individual risk factors, budget deficits, and time value discounting. The method is illustrated using a case study of an agricultural development project.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Project Management</kwd>
        <kwd>Project Risk Analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Bayesian Networks</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>-</title>
      <p>This paper is published as an abstract only.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list />
  </back>
</article>