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https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1616/preface.pdf
SHAPES 3.0
The Shape of Things
Larnaca, Cyprus | November 2, 2015
In conjunction with the CONTEXT 2015 conference
Editors
Oliver Kutz | Stefano Borgo | Mehul Bhatt
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Shapes 3.0 – Organisation
Programme Chairs
Oliver Kutz Research Centre for Knowledge and Data (KRDB)
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA)
ISTC-CNR, Trento, Italy
Mehul Bhatt Cognitive Systems Group (CoSy)
University of Bremen, Germany
Programme Committee
John Bateman University of Bremen, Germany
Tarek Besold Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Emilios Cambouropoulos Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Antony Galton University of Exeter
Michael Grüninger University of Toronto, Canada
Nicola Guarino ISTC-CNR, Trento
Giancarlo Guizzardi University of Espı́rito Santo, Brazil
Inge Hinterwaldner MIT & University of Basel
Ingvar Johansson Umeå University, Sweden
Frieder Nake University of Bremen, Germany
Paulo E. Santos Centro Universitrio da FEI Sao Paulo, Brazil
Maria Rosaria Stufano Melone Polytechnic University of Bari
Pieter Vermass Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Tillman Weyde City University London
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PREFACE
Shape, Form, and Structure
The third event of the SHAPES series helped to make one step further in the
understanding of the meaning of terms like shape, form, structure and related
notions. We often take these concepts for granted within the diverse disciplines
but once we start focusing on them or attempt to clarify their relationships we
discover that their actual meaning is elusive and far from clear. Studies on shape,
form and structure range from humanities (literature, arts) to sciences (chemistry,
biology, physics etc.) and within these from the formal (like mathematics) to the
empirical disciplines (such as engineering and cognitive science). Even within do-
mains such as computer science and artificial intelligence, these notions are replete
with common sense meanings (think of everyday perception and communication),
and formalisations of the semantics and reasoning about shape, form, and struc-
ture are often contextual and ad hoc. Several approaches to study such notions
have been proposed and discussed within and across the di↵erent disciplines but
they just led to the conclusion that we are far from understanding how to make
sense of the di↵erent standpoints and of our common sense intuitions. In short,
a comprehensive treatment of these notions is currently lacking and no widely
accepted formal or interdisciplinary perspective has emerged so far.
The aim of the workshop series SHAPES is to provide an interdisciplinary plat-
form for the discussion of topics connected to the core meanings of terms related
to shape (broadly understood): perspectives from psycho-linguistics, ontology,
computer science, mathematics, aesthetics, and cognitive science, amongst others,
are expected to be addressed and to be discussed in the workshops. Researchers
need to engage in open discussions and comparisons of the contributions of the
di↵erent disciplines in dealing with shape related notions, and in particular an im-
portant contribution is expected from those domains where shape representation
and reasoning have an essential role. These include formal, cognitive, linguistic,
engineering and philosophical aspects of space, as well as their application in the
sciences and in the arts.
We also welcome contributions on the relationship of shape representations at
di↵erent levels of detail (e.g. 2D, 3D) and in di↵erent logics, and with respect
to di↵erent qualitative and quantitative dimensions, such as topology, distance,
symmetry, orientation, etc.
Form and Function in Natural and Artificial Systems
Within the philosophy and practice of design, the notions of shape, form and
structure have a further role of constraining function, malfunction, and behaviour
of things. In this perspective, the design process is a trade-o↵ between several di-
mensions: physical, logical and cognitive laws and constraints intertwine in creat-
ing shapes and in attributing functionalities. Here, several aspects of shape mod-
eling, from spatio-linguistic to conceptual and computational, contribute towards
the construction of suitable models of artifacts. This line of thought extends to
several other disciplines beyond the design of technical systems, e.g., in socio-
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technical or biological systems. For instance, in biochemistry the shape of molec-
ular entities (proteins, small molecules) has a direct e↵ect on their interactions
which give rise to the capacities they can manifest and, in turn, to the processes
of life and death. Representing and reasoning about the shapes and their po-
tential functionalities of these entities is essential to understand basic biological
processes. Of special importance, in this as well as other contexts, is the under-
standing of shape complementarity, that is, categorising the shapes of things and
that of holes and relate these in terms of shape and functional fitting: a thing
that fit a hole can either facilitate or block the functionality of the single entity
and enrich or diminish that of the overall system.
The SHAPES workshops stimulate and facilitate an active exchange on interdis-
ciplinary applications, ideas, approaches, and methods in the area of modelling
shape, form, structure, pattern and function. The format of the workshops com-
bines invited speakers, peer-reviewed full contributions, as well as short position
and demo papers, and allows ample time for open discussions amongst the par-
ticipants. Typical topics include:
Linguistics / Philosophy shape and form in natural language; di↵erences between
shape, form, structure, pattern and function; shape in natural and artificial
objects.
Cognition shape perception and mental representation; gestalt vs. structuralist
understanding of shape cognition; perception and shape (e.g. identifying
objects from incomplete visual information); a↵ordances, dispositions, and
shape.
Logics, Spatial Representations formal characterisations of shape and form; log-
ics for shape: e.g. fuzzy, modal, intensional; logics for topology, symmetry,
shape similarity; design semantics, spatial semantics; shape and 3D space;
shape and space in cognitive assistance systems.
Ontology ontologies and classifications of shapes; ontological relations among
shape, objects and functions; patterns as shapes of processes; forms and
patterns in ontology.
Applications
Biology and Chemistry: molecular shapes, shape in anatomy and pheno-
type definitions, shape complementarity between objects and holes, shape
in medical image analysis and annotation.
Visual Art and Aesthetics: shape in Film and Photography; shape in com-
putational creativity.
Naive Physics and Geography: e.g. qualitative classifications of shapes of
geographic objects.
Design and Architecture: shape grammars; CAD, symmetry and beauty in
architectural design.
Engineering: formal shape analysis in engineering processes.
The workshop SHAPES 3.0 is the third event in the SHAPES series.
The first event, SHAPES 1.0, was held in conjunction with CONTEXT 2011
in Karlsruhe, Germany.1 The proceedings have been published as Vol. 812 of
1 See http://cindy.informatik.uni-bremen.de/cosy/events/shapes/ for the workshop website
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the CEUR workshop proceedings, edited by Janna Hastings, Oliver Kutz, Mehul
Bhatt, and Stefano Borgo, see http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-812/.
The second event, SHAPES 2.0, was held in conjunction with UNILOG 2013 in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.2 . The proceedings have been published as Vol. 1007 of
the CEUR workshop proceedings, edited by Oliver Kutz, Mehul Bhatt, Stefano
Borgo, and Paulo Santos, see http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1007/
SHAPES 3.0 confirmed the trend of the previous events running as a full day
workshop with 3 invited speakers and 8 contributed talks. These proceedings con-
tain 2 invited papers by John Bateman and Emilios Cambouropoulos, as well as 7
contributed papers. We thank all the speakers for their interesting presentations,
and the audience for generating very lively and fruitful discussions.
2 http://cindy.informatik.uni-bremen.de/cosy/events/shapes2/
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Acknowledgements
We thank the program committee members and the additional reviewers for their
timely reviewing. We thank our invited keynote speakers—John Bateman, Emilios
Cambouropoulos, and Verónica Dahl—for their support and contributions.
SHAPES 3.0 has been generously sponsored by the
International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA)
www.iaoa.org
The organizers acknowledge the support of the Laboratory for Applied Ontology
(LOA), ISTC CNR, and of the COINVENT project (FET-Open grant number:
611553).
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