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JOWO 2016
The Joint Ontology Workshops
Episode 2—The French Summer
CAOS | ONTO.COM | NSWO | WOMOCOE
Ontology Competition | Demos | Early Career Symposium
held at the
9th International Conference on Formal Ontology in
Information Systems—FOIS 2016
July 6–9, 2016
Annecy, France
http://iaoa.org/jowo/
Editors
Oliver Kutz & Sergio de Cesare — General Chairs
JOWO Workshops
Maria M. Hedblom, Tarek R. Besold, Oliver Kutz, Tony Veale (CAOS)
Sergio de Cesare, Frederik Gailly, Giancarlo Guizzardi
Mark Lycett, Chris Partridge, Oscar Pastor (ONTO.COM)
Michael Gruninger, Oliver Kutz, Fabian Neuhaus, Till Mossakowski (NSWO)
Stefano Borgo, Loris Bozzato, Chiara Del Vescovo, Martin Homola (WOMoCoE)
FOIS Satellite Events
Fabian Neuhaus, Frank Loebe, Oliver Kutz (Competition)
Frank Loebe (Demos)
Adrien Barton, Stefano Borgo, Jean-Remi Bourguet (Early Career)
PREFACE
JOWO – The Joint Ontology Workshops
JOWO 2016—Episode II: The French Summer, was the second edition of the
‘The Joint Ontology Workshops’, which comprised a confederation of four ontol-
ogy workshops and moreover 3 FOIS satellite events. It was hosted by the 9th
International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems – FOIS
2016, held between July 6–9, 2016, in Annecy, France.1 JOWO’s mission is to
join forces of the diverse communities interested in building, reasoning with, and
applying formalised ontologies in the wide spectrum of Information Systems, Ar-
tificial Intelligence, Philosophy, Linguistics and Cognitive Science, both in theory
and applications.
The present edition of JOWO 2016 collocated workshops that cover a broad spec-
trum of contemporary ontology research focusing on cognition (CAOS), modular-
ity and context (WOMoCoE), new standards (NSWO) and foundational ontolo-
gies (Onto.Com). JOWO included
CAOS 1st International Workshop on Cognition and Ontologies2
Onto.Com 4th International Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual Modeling3
NSWO New Standards for the Working Ontologist: Common Logic and DOL4
WOMoCoE Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextuality, and Evolution5
A more detailed description of these workshops can be found below. For Onto.Com
2016, we include a summary of the workshop program in the proceedings.
The JOWO 2016 proceedings also include the results of the three major FOIS
2016 satellite events, namely:6
FOIS 2016 Ontology Competition
FOIS 2016 Demo Track
FOIS 2016 Early Career Symposium
Brief description of these satellite events can also be found below, and correspond-
ing papers are documented in the JOWO proceedings.
1 The first JOWO edition was ‘Episode 1: The Argentine Winter of Ontology’, held in Buenos
Aires in co-location with the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence—
IJCAI 2015. The proceedings of JOWO 2015 appeared as volume 1517 of CEUR, see http:
//ceur-ws.org/Vol-1517/
2 See http://caos.inf.unibz.it
3 See http://www.mis.ugent.be/ontocom2016/
4 See http://nswo.inf.unibz.it
5 See http://www.iaoa.org/womocoe/2016/
6 See http://iaoa.org/fois2016/index.php?n=Main.SatelliteActivities
Workshops
Workshop on Cognition and Ontologies (CAOS)
Ontology and cognition are closely intertwined: By virtue of the nature of ontolo-
gists as cognising beings, by the use of ontologies in cognitive models as possible
structuring foundations, by the (debated) grounding of ontology in cognition, etc.
Building on these many connections the 1st International Workshop on Cognition
and Ontologies (CAOS) 2016 addresses the difficult and topical question how key
cognitive phenomena and concepts (and the involved terminology) that can be
found across language, psychology and reasoning, can be formally and ontologi-
cally understood and analysed. It moreover seeks to identify and assess ways in
which such formalisations and ontological analysis can be exploited in Artificial
Intelligence and information systems in general.
Against this conceptual backdrop, the goal of CAOS is to provide a forum for
researchers coming from a range of different perspectives and disciplines who are
interested in jointly investigating the outlined questions further. Contributed pa-
pers on topics related to the ontology of hypothesised building blocks of cognition
(such as, for instance, image schemas, affordances, and related notions) and of
cognitive capacities (such as, for instance, concept invention) form the basis of
discussion, complemented by keynote lectures from renowned experts in ontology
and cognition.
The diversity (and current relevance) of the addressed questions also becomes
clear from the following (non-exhaustive) list of general areas of interest covered
by the workshop:
1. Formal/ontological approaches:
• Ontologies of cognitive phenomena
• Formal representation of cognitive structures/functions/processes
• Formalisation of language, image schemas and/or affordance
2. Cognition and language:
• Embodied cognition
• Embodied language acquisition
• Concept invention
• Cognitive development from an ontological perspective
• Cognitive development of image schemas/affordances
• Image schemas in natural language
• Relationship between image schemas, metaphors and affordances
3. Artificial intelligence and applications:
• Artificial language understanding
• Image schemas/affordances in artificial intelligence
• Natural language applications/system-demonstrations
• Cognitively-adequate interaction modalities and interfaces for intelligent sys-
tems
• Embodied approaches to knowledge acquisition in AI and Robotics
• Concept invention and concept-based computational creativity
• Embodied approaches to computational creativity
In sum, we hope that CAOS will serve as first event in a series of meetings and
exchanges working towards the integration between ontology and cognition as
areas of academic study, but also as applied disciplines with direct relevance for
industry and end-users. The workshop program gives evidence of this breadth
of ambition: Dagmar Gromann and Maria M. Hedblom work towards simplify-
ing complex financial concepts by identifying movement structures form the im-
age schema PATH-following, Fahim Imam and Thomas Dean study the poten-
tial role of affordances in the representation of the behaviour of event-based sys-
tems, Miroslav Vacura and Vojtĕch Svátek develop a deontic cognitive event on-
tology, and Marco Schorlemmer, Roberto Confalonieri and Enric Plaza present
a category-theoretic approach to formally modeling the Buddhist Monk concept
blend using the Yoneda lemma. Moreover—in addition to the joint JOWO keynote
lectures by Gem Stapleton, Brandon Bennett, and Jérôme Euzenat—Olivier Geor-
geon served as CAOS keynote speaker and reported on his work in developmen-
tal robotics designing algorithms for artificial agents to perform Whiteheadian
abstraction.
International Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual Modeling (Onto.Com)
The theme of the 4th International Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual
Modeling is foundational ontologies and their meta-ontological choices. Expert
representatives of major foundational ontologies have been invited to discuss and
compare their meta-ontological choices within the context of a common case study.
The workshop is aimed at exploring the ways in which different meta-ontological
choices impact conceptual modelling in information systems. A more detailed
description of the program of this event can be found in the proceedings.
New Standards for the Working Ontologist: Common Logic and DOL (NSWO)
NSWO 2016 consisted of two tutorials on two new standards in the realm of
applied ontology: the second revision of Common Logic (CL) and the new Dis-
tributed Ontology, Model, and Specification Language (DOL).
CL is a family of first-order logic-like languages, which share a common semantics.
The CL tutorial, held by Fabian Neuhaus, introduced the abstract syntax and the
semantics of CL and discussed the changes and added features of the upcoming
revision.
DOL is a meta-language that supports the reuse and modification of ontologies
as well as the declaration of relationships between ontologies (e.g., alignments
and refinements). The DOL tutorial, held by Till Mossakowski, covered the main
motivations behind developing DOL and discussed how DOL may be used to
address a number of modelling and interoperability problems.
Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextuality, and Evolution (WOMoCoE)
In actual applications, it is impractical to treat knowledge as a monolithic and
unchanging structure. Partitioning knowledge into modular structures is central
to organize optimal knowledge repositories: from their design, to their manage-
ment, from their maintenance to their use for knowledge sharing. Understanding,
representing and reasoning about the context of the different knowledge sources
is essential for their correct exploitation and for reliable and effective reasoning
in changing situations. The correct acquisition of new knowledge, the evolution of
underlying ontologies and the updates in knowledge sources are important factors
that influence the quality of stored knowledge over time.
The International Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextuality, and Evolu-
tion (WOMoCoE 2016) built on the success of the previous editions of the WoMO
and ARCOE-Logic workshop series. It offered the ground to practitioners and
researchers to discuss current work on theoretical and practical aspects on the
topics of modularity, contextuality, and evolution of ontologies and knowledge re-
sources. The aim was to bring together an interdisciplinary crowd of researchers
from various areas of AI and knowledge representation, semantic web, linked data
knowledge engineering and application domains as well as from domains like phi-
losophy, logic, cognitive science, and linguistics.
The call for papers was open to any aspect of modularity, contextuality and
evolution, and explicitly listed the following topics:
• Theoretical and formal aspects of modularity and context: module and con-
text acquisition, representation and interpretation, philosophical and cognitive
aspects of modularity;
• Modules and context in applications: knowledge integration using context, con-
textual search and information retrieval, modelling for context of agents, tools
and methodologies for handling context, role of modularity in applications;
• Modules and context in reasoning: effective methods of reasoning over mod-
ules, exploiting contextual information in reasoning, distributed and incremen-
tal evaluation of contexts, modularity and explanations;
• Modules and context in ontologies: ontologies and models of context, ontol-
ogy modules in ontology engineering, representing context in Semantic Web
standards, application of context on Linked Data, visualization of modules;
• Evolution and versioning of knowledge resources.
The accepted contributions were both from the theoretical and application side.
In the first paper Werner Ceusters and Jonathan P. Bona studied the represen-
tation of SNOMED CT concepts evolution using Information Artifact Ontology
and Process Profiles. Bahar Aameri, Michael Gruninger and Carmen Chui in their
paper discussed properties of residues (subtheories that are not contained in any
proper module of the theory) and their role in ontology modularization. The pa-
per by Robert John Rovetto presented different ontology architecture options for
space data and space domain modeling needs. Paula Chocron and Marco Schor-
lemmer considered specifications of interlocutors interaction as ontology contexts.
In another paper, Ivars Blums and Hans Weigand provided an ontological model
for the domain of Accounting Information Systems. Finally, the paper by Jieying
Chen, Michel Ludwig and Dirk Walther presented an algorithm for the computa-
tion of modules that are minimal with respect to subsumption in EL.
FOIS 2016 Satellite Events
FOIS 2016 Ontology Competition
The FOIS Ontology Competitions are intended to recognize high-quality ontolo-
gies and to encourage the spread of best practices in the ontology community.
The topic of the 2016 Ontology Competition was “Representing Change in On-
tologies”. Applied ontologies often need to represent information about changing
situations: e.g., cells are parts of different body parts during different stages of
the development of an animal, objects gain new parts and capabilities while they
are processed in a factory, associations gain and loose members and the members
change their social roles and relationships. Representing change often requires
difficult design decisions; in particular if the ontology is written in a language like
OWL, which only supports unary and binary predicates. The goal of the compe-
tition was to highlight the different approaches that are available in representing
change, and compare the advantages and disadvantages.
The three finalists of the competition are included in the proceedings. The winner
of the competition was the paper “Permanent Generic Relatedness and Silent
Change” by Niels Grewe, Ludger Jansen, and Barry Smith. The runner-up was
the paper “General Legal Entity Identifier Ontology” by Robert Trypuz, Dominik
Kuziński, and Mirek Sopek. The third finalist was the paper “Spatio-Temporal
Ontology for Change Analysis of Flood Affected Areas Using Remote Sensing
Images” by Kuldeep R. Kurte and Surya S. Durbha.
FOIS 2016 Demo Track
For the first time in the FOIS conference series, the main track with its focus on
research papers has been complemented with a demonstration track. The intended
scope of this track includes software and methodologies for the ontology lifecycle
as well as ontology-based software, for example, computational environments and
prototypes for ontological engineering, advances in applying ontologies, lessons
learned, practical ontology projects, and innovative uses of ontology-based and/or
ontology engineering techniques.
This first edition of the FOIS demonstration track received four submissions,
three of which were accepted, based on their reviews by selected FOIS program
committee members. Eugen Kuksa and Till Mossakowski present the ontology
repository engine Ontohub, on the basis of which the equally named ontology
portal http://ontohub.org is run. Ontohub offers sophisticated means for speci-
fying and managing ontologies, such as the support of different logical and on-
tology languages as well as modular ways of ontology representation. Thereby it
conforms to DOL, the Distributed Ontology, Model and Specification Language,
standardized by the Object Management Group (OMG).
The other two demonstrations belong to the field of conceptual modeling. The
Menthor Editor for ontology-driven conceptual modeling, demonstrated by Joo
Moreira et al., is meanwhile a commercial tool that grew out of academic efforts.
The software enables the development of well-founded ontologies in the OntoUML
language, grounded in ontological analysis based on the Unified Foundational On-
tology (UFO). The demonstration features the system capabilities by showcasing
different ontologies authored in the tool, as well as it outlines the process of de-
veloping a domain ontology in a case of model-driven engineering. Finally, with
Object-Role Modeling (ORM) Francesco Sportellis demonstration of the concep-
tual modeling tool NORMA (for Natural Object-Role Modeling Architect) ex-
hibits yet another foundation in terms of the representation language. Beyond
modeling in NORMA, the demonstration expands on ORMIe, the ORM Inference
Engine, which accounts for reasoning over ORM conceptual schemas.
Assessing the first FOIS demonstration track altogether, an increase in resonance
by authors is clearly desirable for its future editions. Notwithstanding, we believe
that the three solid cases of modeling- and ontology-related software are not only
valuable for the FOIS audience and thereby constitute an adequate first step in
2016, but furthermore they give rise to the idea that an increase in submissions
can be realistically expected.
FOIS 2016 Early Career Symposium
As in the past editions, the 2016 FOIS conference included an Early Career Sym-
posium (ECS), giving starting researchers the opportunity to present their work
and engage with senior scientists in their field as well as to meet and discuss their
work with each other in a dedicated event. This year the ECS committee accepted
five students which were invited to present their work in the ECS. The topics cov-
ered areas like software engineering (functional behavior of cross-platform event-
driven systems), space environment (orbital space situational awareness and re-
lated risks) and linguistics (the role and the classification of questions for human
and natural sciences). The co-location of the ECS and the Demo track was useful
for the students to see how their work could benefit from existing tool develop-
ment and related experiences. The ECS organizers are particularly thankful to
the researchers that agreed to mentor the students during the conference: Cecilia
Zenni-Merk, Robert Hoehndorf and Aldo Gangemi.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the program committee members and the additional reviewers for their
timely reviewing. We thank our invited keynote speakers—Gem Stapleton, Brandon Bennett,
Olivier Georgeon (CAOS), and Jérôme Euzenat (WOMoCoE)—for their support and contribu-
tions.
JOWO is a supported event of, and was generously sponsored by, the International Association
for Ontology and its Applications: http://iaoa.org.
JOWO 2016 – Organisation
General Chairs
Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Sergio de Cesare Brunel University, UK
CAOS 2016
Programme Chairs
Maria M. Hedblom Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
Tarek R. Besold Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Tony Veale University College Dublin, Ireland
Programme Committee
Mihailo Antović University of Nis̆, Serbia
John Bateman University of Bremen, Germany
Stefano Borgo Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italy
Roberta Ferrario Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italy
Sascha Fink Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany
Nicola Guarino Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italy
Harry Halpin MIT, USA
Bipin Indurkhya Akademia Górnicz-HUznicza w Krakowie, Polen
Justine Jacot University of Lund, Sweden
Jean Mandler UCSD, USA
Vincent Müller American College of Thessaloniki, Greece
Alessandro Oltramari Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Marco Schorlemmer Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Spain
Mark Turner Case Western Reserve University, USA
Additional Reviewers
Mihai Codescu Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Paula Chocron Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Spain
WOMoCoE 2016
Programme Chairs
Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology,
CNR, Trento, Italy
Loris Bozzato Data and Knowledge Management Unit,
Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
Chiara Del Vescovo BBC Platform API,
Salford, United Kingdom
Martin Homola Comenius University in Bratislava,
Bratislava, Slovakia
Programme Committee
Grigoris Antoniou University of Huddersfield, UK
Eva Blomqvist Linköping University, Sweden
Valeria De Paiva University of Birmingham, UK
Michael Gruninger University of Toronto, Canada
Adila A. Krisnadhi Wright State University, US
Agnieszka Lawrynowicz Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Vincenzo Maltese University of Trento, Italy
Francisco Martin-Recuerda Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Till Mossakowski University of Magdeburg, Germany
Theodore Patkos FORTH, Greece
Rafael Peñaloza Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Denis Ponomaryov A.P.Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems, Russia
Daniele Porello ISTC CNR, Italy
Sebastian Rudoplh Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Thomas Schneider University of Bremen, Germany
Dmitry Tsarkov University of Manchester, UK
Anni-Yasmin Turhan University of Oxford, UK
Ivan Varzinczak University of Artois, France
George Vouros University of Piraeus, Greece
FOIS 2016 Ontology Competition
Competition Chairs
Fabian Neuhaus Intelligent Cooperating Systems
Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany
Frank Loebe Computer Science Institute
University of Leipzig, Germany
Oliver Kutz KRDB Research Centre for Knowledge and Data
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Competition Jury
Mauricio Almeida Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
Ken Baclawski Northeastern University, USA
Thomas Bittner SUNY, Buffalo, USA
Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, CNR, Trento, Italy
Roberta Ferrario CNR, Trento, Italy
Michelle Cheatham Wright State University, USA
Mathieu D’Aquin Knowledge Media Institute, the Open University, UK
Richard Dapoigny LISTIC / Polytech’ Savoie, France
Michael Grüninger University of Toronto, Canada
Torsten Hahmann University of Maine, USA
Paul Johannesson Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Gilles Kassel University of Picardie Jules Verne, France
Yoshinobu Kitamura Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Frank Loebe University of Leipzig, Germany
Riichiro Mizoguchi JAIST, Ishikawa, Japan
Till Mossakowski Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany
Fabian Neuhaus Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany
Leo Obrst MITRE, USA
Florian Probst SAP Research
Barry Smith SUNY Buffalo, USA
Michael Uschold Semantic Arts, USA
FOIS 2016 – Demo Track
Programme Chair
Frank Loebe Computer Science Institute
University of Leipzig, Germany
Programme Committee
Boyan Brodaric Geological Survey of Canada
Vinay Chaudhri SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
Philipp Cimiano University of Bielefeld, Germany
Pascal Hitzler Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
Robert Hoehndorf King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi-Arabia
Christopher Menzel Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
Riichiro Mizoguchi Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
Leo Obrst MITRE, USA
FOIS 2016 – Early Career Symposium
Programme Chairs
Adrien Barton University de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, CNR, Trento, Italy
Jean-Remi Bourguet Federal University of Esprito Santo, Brazil
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