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        <article-title>On the Evaluation of Outlier Detection: Measures, Datasets, and an Empirical Study Continued</article-title>
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      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Guilherme O. Campos</string-name>
          <email>gocampos@icmc.usp.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Arthur Zimek</string-name>
          <email>zimek@imada.sdu.dk</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Jrg Sander</string-name>
          <email>jsander@ualberta.ca</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ricardo J. G. B. Campello</string-name>
          <email>campello@icmc.usp.br</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Barbora Micenkov</string-name>
          <email>barbora@cs.au.dk</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Erich Schubert</string-name>
          <email>schube@dbs.ifi.lmu.de</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ira Assent</string-name>
          <email>ira@cs.au.dk</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Michael E. Houle</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Aarhus University</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution>National Institute of Informatics</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution>University of Alberta</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution>University of Sao Paulo</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution>University of Southern Denmark</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <abstract>
        <p>The evaluation of unsupervised outlier detection algorithms is a constant challenge in data mining research. Little is known regarding the strengths and weaknesses of dierent standard outlier detection models, and the impact of parameter choices for these algorithms. The scarcity of appropriate benchmark datasets with ground truth annotation is a signicant impediment to the evaluation of outlier methods. Even when labeled datasets are available, their suitability for the outlier detection task is typically unknown. Furthermore, the biases of commonly-used evaluation measures are not fully understood. It is thus dicult to ascertain the extent to which newly-proposed outlier detection methods improve over established methods. We performed an extensive experimental study [1] on the performance of a representative set of standard k nearest neighborhood-based methods for unsupervised outlier detection, across a wide variety of datasets prepared for this purpose. Based on the overall performance of the outlier detection methods, we provide a characterization of the datasets themselves, and discuss their suitability as outlier detection benchmark sets. We also examine the most commonly-used measures for comparing the performance of dierent methods, and suggest adaptations that are more suitable for the evaluation of outlier detection results. We present the results from our previous publication [1] as well as additional observations and measures available at the outlier benchmark data repository: http://www.dbs.ifi.lmu.de/research/outlier-evaluation/ [1] G. O. Campos, A. Zimek, J. Sander, R. J. G. B. Campello, B. MicenkovÆ, E. Schubert, I. Assent, and M. E. Houle. On the Evaluation of Unsupervised Outlier Detection: Measures, Datasets, and an Empirical Study. In: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 30 (4 2016), pp. 891927. doi: 10.1007/ s10618-015-0444-8 .</p>
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