=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1755/207-211
|storemode=property
|title=Career Advisor Expert System Based on Myers Briggs Personality Assessment
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1755/207-211.pdf
|volume=Vol-1755
|authors=Ayodeji Iwayemi,Bolanle F. Oladejo,Damilare S. Adeleke
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cori/IwayemiOA16
}}
==Career Advisor Expert System Based on Myers Briggs Personality Assessment==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1755/207-211.pdf
Career Advisor Expert System Based on Myers Briggs
Personality Assessment
A. Iwayemi. B. F. Oladejo D. S. Adeleke
Department of Computer Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Department of Computer Science,
The Federal Polytechnic, University of Ibadan, University of Ibadan,
Ile-Oluji, Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria.
iwayemi_ayodeji@yahoo.com oladejobola2002@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT areas—education; career development; organizational behavior;
The knowledge of what career to specialize in could be a late group functioning; team development; personal and executive
discovery for adults who have traded their youthful years through coaching; psy-chotherapy with individuals, couples, and families;
several professions/vocations but found no fulfillment. On the and in multicultural settings [9]. Katharine Briggs and her
other hand, it could be a strenuous exercise for children and daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers, were keen and disciplined
youths who are exposed to different academic areas. The aim of observers of human personality differences who studied and
this project is to develop a career-advisor expert system based on elaborated the ideas of Swiss Psychiatrist Carl G Jung and applied
Myer-Briggs Personality Assessment. It advises the user based on them to understanding people around them [7]. People tend to
his/her personality. This is achieved through the method of choose career paths based on reasons like parental advice,
creating facts from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) emulation/imitation and financial gains but end up not doing what
thereby mapping them to common Careers using a rule-based they like. People train hard in certain professions simply because
system based on the sixteen Personality Types (according to they thought such professions are nice, but passionately, they love
Myers-Briggs). All these facts and rules form the database practicing different profession. Every personality type has unique
whereas ―Prolog‖ which stands for ―Programming in Logic‖ is strengths and challenges aligned to their natural
the tool used for the implementation. The results of the query preferences [2]. Myer Briggs Personality Assessment is simply an
determine whether an advisee should choose a particular career or evaluation of personality traits and styles in order to discover their
not. It displays ―true‖ if he/she could choose the predetermined corresponding careers. Meanwhile, after taking the Personality
career and ―false‖ if he/she should not. The results equally lists Type Inventory, you can use what you’ve learned about your
the possible career paths an advisee could follow. For example, personality type to identify a job that suits you well [3]. The
when asked the career that someone with the personality trait of problem is the lack of an Expert System at the grassroots to
Introversion-Intuition-Thinking-Judging can pursue, it advises the connect their real personality traits to the corresponding and
following careers: Scientist, Engineer, Professor, Teacher, appropriate career path. Reading books written by career
Medical Doctor, Dentist, etc. In conclusion, this expert system professionals and making consultations with guidance and
would minimize cost, alleviate career problems and always counselors are proven steps towards discovering the right career
provide reliable career advice void of human error. Meanwhile paths. But, this knowledge is better packaged as an expert system
future work can focus on the engineering of other models that can because of the advantages of Permanence (Expert System will not
influence the choice of career other than the complex personality forget), Reproducibility, efficiency, consistency and
trait. completeness. This rule-based career advisor expert system
examines the advisees in order to provide them with good career
CCS Concepts recommendations. The objective is to shelter the user from
• Information systems ➝ Information systems applications ➝ distractions that arise when he/she chooses without considering
Decision-support systems ➝ Expert systems their personal traits, abilities and interests which should be
important in determining what career path to follow.
Keywords
Expert System; Facts; Rule-Based;MBTI; Prolog 1.1 Statement of the Problem
The great decision of choice of career runs through every person at
1. INTRODUCTION every level some of which could no longer be amended. This
A career advisor expert system is simply a knowledge-based report focuses on an expert system that advises a person on the
computer program or software, developed by a knowledge choice of career based on Meyer Briggs Personality Assessment.
engineer to exhibit a degree of expertise in problem solving that is
comparable to that of a human expert (called domain engineer) in 1.2 Aim and Objectives
Guidance and Counseling. The issue of acting like a human comes AIM: The aim of the paper was to develop a career advisor
up primarily when Artificial Intelligence programs have to based on Myers-Briggs Personality Assessment
interact with people, as when an expert system explains how it OBJECTIVES:
came to its diagnosis, or a natural language processing system has The objectives of this paper are:
a dialogue with a user [10]. A major reason for the popularity of i. to design a model for career choice;
the MBTI instrument is its relevance in many quite diverse ii. to build an Expert System based on the model in (i)
above; and
to test the expert system by employing it in determining career of
CoRI’16, Sept 7–9, 2016, Ibadan, Nigeria. users.
207
1.3 Justification Table 1: The Four Key Domains
Most career advisors are time consuming to operate because of the
need of rhetoric questionnaires. It therefore constitutes as much
challenge as it is to find an appropriate career. This paper builds I. HOW WE PREFER TO DIRECT OUR
ontologies from a collection of documents using unsupervised ATTENTION AND ENERGY?
machine learning. It uses the computer representations of MBPA
1. Extraversion (E) 2. Introversion (I)
with programming in logic (Prolog) to provide stress less
knowledge of career choice. II. HOW WE PREFER TO OBSERVE THE
WORLD?
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3. Sensing (S) 4. Intuition (N)
III. HOW WE PREFER TO MAKE
2.1 Related Work DECISIONS?
Different factors affecting career selection are students ability,
age, aptitude, area of residence, attitude, availability of jobs, 5. Thinking (T) 6. Feeling (F)
community, counselors /advisor, course curriculum, environment IV. HOW WE PREFER TO ORIENT
family business financial support/family income, friends
influence, gender, hobbies, interest, industry alignment with OURSELVES ON LIFE?
subjects, IQ, job guarantee, learning experience, location, life 7. Judging (J) 8. Perceiving (P)
style, opportunity, outcome expectations, parents influence, past
academic performance, personality, physical condition, political Research has shown that many of the different Personality Types
consideration ,preference, prestige, previous work experience, tend to have distinct preferences in their choice of careers. The
programme, self-efficacy, self-employment, scholarship, school observations of each type's character traits which affect career
attended, skills, students strength, teacher, tuition fees etc [13]. choice along with some suggestions for possible directions were
Several expert systems have been designed from some of these used to create Facts for the expert system. The lists of actual
factors. While expert systems in education have great potential, careers which the various types have chosen in their lives are well
they remain un-established as a useful technology due to a lack of represented in the Facts. As well known, individuals vary greatly.
research and documentation [6]. An automatic expert system as However, this research encourages personal self-knowledge that
helpmate of university department head to choose best lecturer for will help discover the personality types. The self-sorting on the
each course among of the volunteer respectively was designed in Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality inventory produces a
[4]. The construction of an online Expert System which guides the shorthand four-letter code (from Table 1) that yields the sixteen
students for the selection of their undergraduate courses after the Personality Types shown in Table 2 [12]:
completion of higher secondary school education was presented in
[11]. It is online system that provides up-to-date information
(acquired from web pages using pattern matching and jSoup Table 2: The Sixteen Personality Types
parsing technique) to the students by taking the necessary details
from the student as input and will have the knowledge-base CAREER
which contains the details about the colleges in PERSONALITY
S/NO TYPE
Pondicherry. A prototype web-based Expert System that offers an TYPE
interactive user interface where students are able to request to add 1 ISTJ TheDuty Fulfillers
or drop courses was proposed in [1]. The Expert System provides
a response when users want to add or drop courses that may affect 2 ESTJ The Guardians
their course plan. An automated system that mimics a one-to-one 3 ISFJ The Nurturers
meeting with a professional career counselor was presented in [8].
The system focuses on collating different machine learning 4 ESFJ The Caregivers
algorithms to guide students on the basis of their academic 5 ISTP The Mechanics
background, hobbies and location. In [5], the design of a multi-
6 ESTP The Doers
expert system for educational and career guidance based on a
multi-agent paradigm and the semantic web was presented. 7 ESFP The Performers
8 ISFP The Artists
9 ENTJ The Executives
2.2 Using Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 10 INTJ The Scientists
(MBTI) 11 ENTP The Visionaries
12 INTP The Thinkers
The MBTI instruments identify the preferences in the FOUR key
13 ENFJ The Givers
domains below in Table 1.
14 INFJ The Protectors
15 ENFP The Inspirers
16 INFP The Idealists
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/*career(Course,Attitude,InformationGathering,DecisionMaking,
3 METHODOLOGY StructureOrientation).*/
/*INTJ PERSONALITY TRAITS*/
3.1 Design Overview
career(scientist,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
Figure 1 shows the top down approach to the design of the career(engineer,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
system.
career(professor,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
3.2 Facts Creation career(teacher,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
Facts are basically what are known, that is, what is known from career(doctor,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
the MBTI. Figure 2 is the prolog code for facts for some career(dentist,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
personality types:
career(strategist,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
career(builder,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
career(administrator,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
career(business-manager,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
career(military-leader,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging).
/*INTP PERSONALITY TRAITS*/
career(scientist,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(physicist,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(chemist,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(photographer,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(planner,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(mathematician,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(professor,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(computer-
programmer,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(systems-
analyst,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(engineer,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
career(attorney,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving).
Figure 2. Architecture of the Knowledge Based System
Figure 1: Top down Approach to the Career Advisor Expert
System
209
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 SWI-Prolog
The software tool called SWI-Prolog is used to compile and run
the Prolog code. SWI-Prolog is an application that allows
predicate logic or predicate syntax. Once the code is compiled, the
question mark is displayed to allow queries. SWI-Prolog
application is shown below in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Swi-Prolog Aplication
Figure 5. Expert System Advising on General
Discipline of an Introversion-Intuition-Thinking-Judging
4.2 Result
Figure 4 shows the expert system on Prolog application when an
introversion-intuition-thinking-judging personality was tested for 5 CONCLUSION AND
choice of career. The first rule yielded a False which indicates that
he/she cannot be a psychologist. The second query reveals that RECOMMENDATION
he/she can become an engineer. Figure 5 shows the result of the
expert system when asked to list all the Disciplines that someone 5.1 Conclusion
with the personality trait of introversion-intuition-thinking-
judging can pursue. In conclusion, this Expert System, just like other ES’s, has the
following advantages over human Psychological experts: the
knowledge is permanent and not bias; the knowledge is easily
reproduced; the knowledge is represented explicitly and can be
evaluated; the system is consistent - whereas human advisors have
bad days, the system does not; and finally, running the cost is low.
Therefore, it is deployable in institutions, organizations and
homes. It uses a readily available knowledge that has been proven
in advising the choice of vocation/profession/career.
5.2 Recommendation
This research work focused on the use of Myer-Briggs’
Personality Principles to determine the choice of career in life.
This is already achieved through the Expert System. Meanwhile
future work can focus on the consideration of other models that
can influence the choice of career other than the complex
personality trait. More so, disciplines can be subdivided into
smaller specializations. Hence further work can be built to
determine the best subdivision/specialization for an individual.
Figure 4. Expert System Answering True/False on Specific
Career Choice Questions
210
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