Career Advisor Expert System Based on Myers Briggs Personality Assessment A. Iwayemi. B. F. Oladejo D. S. Adeleke Department of Computer Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, The Federal Polytechnic, University of Ibadan, University of Ibadan, Ile-Oluji, Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria. iwayemi_ayodeji@yahoo.com oladejobola2002@yahoo.com ABSTRACT areas—education; career development; organizational behavior; The knowledge of what career to specialize in could be a late group functioning; team development; personal and executive discovery for adults who have traded their youthful years through coaching; psy-chotherapy with individuals, couples, and families; several professions/vocations but found no fulfillment. On the and in multicultural settings [9]. Katharine Briggs and her other hand, it could be a strenuous exercise for children and daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers, were keen and disciplined youths who are exposed to different academic areas. The aim of observers of human personality differences who studied and this project is to develop a career-advisor expert system based on elaborated the ideas of Swiss Psychiatrist Carl G Jung and applied Myer-Briggs Personality Assessment. It advises the user based on them to understanding people around them [7]. People tend to his/her personality. This is achieved through the method of choose career paths based on reasons like parental advice, creating facts from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) emulation/imitation and financial gains but end up not doing what thereby mapping them to common Careers using a rule-based they like. People train hard in certain professions simply because system based on the sixteen Personality Types (according to they thought such professions are nice, but passionately, they love Myers-Briggs). All these facts and rules form the database practicing different profession. Every personality type has unique whereas ―Prolog‖ which stands for ―Programming in Logic‖ is strengths and challenges aligned to their natural the tool used for the implementation. The results of the query preferences [2]. Myer Briggs Personality Assessment is simply an determine whether an advisee should choose a particular career or evaluation of personality traits and styles in order to discover their not. It displays ―true‖ if he/she could choose the predetermined corresponding careers. Meanwhile, after taking the Personality career and ―false‖ if he/she should not. The results equally lists Type Inventory, you can use what you’ve learned about your the possible career paths an advisee could follow. For example, personality type to identify a job that suits you well [3]. The when asked the career that someone with the personality trait of problem is the lack of an Expert System at the grassroots to Introversion-Intuition-Thinking-Judging can pursue, it advises the connect their real personality traits to the corresponding and following careers: Scientist, Engineer, Professor, Teacher, appropriate career path. Reading books written by career Medical Doctor, Dentist, etc. In conclusion, this expert system professionals and making consultations with guidance and would minimize cost, alleviate career problems and always counselors are proven steps towards discovering the right career provide reliable career advice void of human error. Meanwhile paths. But, this knowledge is better packaged as an expert system future work can focus on the engineering of other models that can because of the advantages of Permanence (Expert System will not influence the choice of career other than the complex personality forget), Reproducibility, efficiency, consistency and trait. completeness. This rule-based career advisor expert system examines the advisees in order to provide them with good career CCS Concepts recommendations. The objective is to shelter the user from • Information systems ➝ Information systems applications ➝ distractions that arise when he/she chooses without considering Decision-support systems ➝ Expert systems their personal traits, abilities and interests which should be important in determining what career path to follow. Keywords Expert System; Facts; Rule-Based;MBTI; Prolog 1.1 Statement of the Problem The great decision of choice of career runs through every person at 1. INTRODUCTION every level some of which could no longer be amended. This A career advisor expert system is simply a knowledge-based report focuses on an expert system that advises a person on the computer program or software, developed by a knowledge choice of career based on Meyer Briggs Personality Assessment. engineer to exhibit a degree of expertise in problem solving that is comparable to that of a human expert (called domain engineer) in 1.2 Aim and Objectives Guidance and Counseling. The issue of acting like a human comes AIM: The aim of the paper was to develop a career advisor up primarily when Artificial Intelligence programs have to based on Myers-Briggs Personality Assessment interact with people, as when an expert system explains how it OBJECTIVES: came to its diagnosis, or a natural language processing system has The objectives of this paper are: a dialogue with a user [10]. A major reason for the popularity of i. to design a model for career choice; the MBTI instrument is its relevance in many quite diverse ii. to build an Expert System based on the model in (i) above; and to test the expert system by employing it in determining career of CoRI’16, Sept 7–9, 2016, Ibadan, Nigeria. users. 207 1.3 Justification Table 1: The Four Key Domains Most career advisors are time consuming to operate because of the need of rhetoric questionnaires. It therefore constitutes as much challenge as it is to find an appropriate career. This paper builds I. HOW WE PREFER TO DIRECT OUR ontologies from a collection of documents using unsupervised ATTENTION AND ENERGY? machine learning. It uses the computer representations of MBPA 1. Extraversion (E) 2. Introversion (I) with programming in logic (Prolog) to provide stress less knowledge of career choice. II. HOW WE PREFER TO OBSERVE THE WORLD? 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3. Sensing (S) 4. Intuition (N) III. HOW WE PREFER TO MAKE 2.1 Related Work DECISIONS? Different factors affecting career selection are students ability, age, aptitude, area of residence, attitude, availability of jobs, 5. Thinking (T) 6. Feeling (F) community, counselors /advisor, course curriculum, environment IV. HOW WE PREFER TO ORIENT family business financial support/family income, friends influence, gender, hobbies, interest, industry alignment with OURSELVES ON LIFE? subjects, IQ, job guarantee, learning experience, location, life 7. Judging (J) 8. Perceiving (P) style, opportunity, outcome expectations, parents influence, past academic performance, personality, physical condition, political Research has shown that many of the different Personality Types consideration ,preference, prestige, previous work experience, tend to have distinct preferences in their choice of careers. The programme, self-efficacy, self-employment, scholarship, school observations of each type's character traits which affect career attended, skills, students strength, teacher, tuition fees etc [13]. choice along with some suggestions for possible directions were Several expert systems have been designed from some of these used to create Facts for the expert system. The lists of actual factors. While expert systems in education have great potential, careers which the various types have chosen in their lives are well they remain un-established as a useful technology due to a lack of represented in the Facts. As well known, individuals vary greatly. research and documentation [6]. An automatic expert system as However, this research encourages personal self-knowledge that helpmate of university department head to choose best lecturer for will help discover the personality types. The self-sorting on the each course among of the volunteer respectively was designed in Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality inventory produces a [4]. The construction of an online Expert System which guides the shorthand four-letter code (from Table 1) that yields the sixteen students for the selection of their undergraduate courses after the Personality Types shown in Table 2 [12]: completion of higher secondary school education was presented in [11]. It is online system that provides up-to-date information (acquired from web pages using pattern matching and jSoup Table 2: The Sixteen Personality Types parsing technique) to the students by taking the necessary details from the student as input and will have the knowledge-base CAREER which contains the details about the colleges in PERSONALITY S/NO TYPE Pondicherry. A prototype web-based Expert System that offers an TYPE interactive user interface where students are able to request to add 1 ISTJ TheDuty Fulfillers or drop courses was proposed in [1]. The Expert System provides a response when users want to add or drop courses that may affect 2 ESTJ The Guardians their course plan. An automated system that mimics a one-to-one 3 ISFJ The Nurturers meeting with a professional career counselor was presented in [8]. The system focuses on collating different machine learning 4 ESFJ The Caregivers algorithms to guide students on the basis of their academic 5 ISTP The Mechanics background, hobbies and location. In [5], the design of a multi- 6 ESTP The Doers expert system for educational and career guidance based on a multi-agent paradigm and the semantic web was presented. 7 ESFP The Performers 8 ISFP The Artists 9 ENTJ The Executives 2.2 Using Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 10 INTJ The Scientists (MBTI) 11 ENTP The Visionaries 12 INTP The Thinkers The MBTI instruments identify the preferences in the FOUR key 13 ENFJ The Givers domains below in Table 1. 14 INFJ The Protectors 15 ENFP The Inspirers 16 INFP The Idealists 208 /*career(Course,Attitude,InformationGathering,DecisionMaking, 3 METHODOLOGY StructureOrientation).*/ /*INTJ PERSONALITY TRAITS*/ 3.1 Design Overview career(scientist,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). Figure 1 shows the top down approach to the design of the career(engineer,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). system. career(professor,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). 3.2 Facts Creation career(teacher,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). Facts are basically what are known, that is, what is known from career(doctor,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). the MBTI. Figure 2 is the prolog code for facts for some career(dentist,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). personality types: career(strategist,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). career(builder,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). career(administrator,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). career(business-manager,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). career(military-leader,introversion,intuition,thinking,judging). /*INTP PERSONALITY TRAITS*/ career(scientist,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(physicist,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(chemist,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(photographer,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(planner,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(mathematician,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(professor,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(computer- programmer,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(systems- analyst,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(engineer,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). career(attorney,introversion,intuition,thinking,perceiving). Figure 2. Architecture of the Knowledge Based System Figure 1: Top down Approach to the Career Advisor Expert System 209 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 SWI-Prolog The software tool called SWI-Prolog is used to compile and run the Prolog code. SWI-Prolog is an application that allows predicate logic or predicate syntax. Once the code is compiled, the question mark is displayed to allow queries. SWI-Prolog application is shown below in Figure 3. Figure 3 Swi-Prolog Aplication Figure 5. Expert System Advising on General Discipline of an Introversion-Intuition-Thinking-Judging 4.2 Result Figure 4 shows the expert system on Prolog application when an introversion-intuition-thinking-judging personality was tested for 5 CONCLUSION AND choice of career. The first rule yielded a False which indicates that he/she cannot be a psychologist. The second query reveals that RECOMMENDATION he/she can become an engineer. Figure 5 shows the result of the expert system when asked to list all the Disciplines that someone 5.1 Conclusion with the personality trait of introversion-intuition-thinking- judging can pursue. In conclusion, this Expert System, just like other ES’s, has the following advantages over human Psychological experts: the knowledge is permanent and not bias; the knowledge is easily reproduced; the knowledge is represented explicitly and can be evaluated; the system is consistent - whereas human advisors have bad days, the system does not; and finally, running the cost is low. Therefore, it is deployable in institutions, organizations and homes. It uses a readily available knowledge that has been proven in advising the choice of vocation/profession/career. 5.2 Recommendation This research work focused on the use of Myer-Briggs’ Personality Principles to determine the choice of career in life. This is already achieved through the Expert System. Meanwhile future work can focus on the consideration of other models that can influence the choice of career other than the complex personality trait. More so, disciplines can be subdivided into smaller specializations. Hence further work can be built to determine the best subdivision/specialization for an individual. Figure 4. Expert System Answering True/False on Specific Career Choice Questions 210 6. REFERENCES 8] Nawaz M., Adnan A., Tariq U., Salman J. T., Asjad R. and Tamoor M. ―Automated Career Counseling System for [1] Barends L. J. M. ―Student Advisor Expert System‖ Students using CBR and J48 ―Journal of Applied and HonoursPaper Report,Department of Computer Science, Biological Sciences, Vol 4, pp 113-120, 2014 University of Cape Town. Cape Town. 2014. `[9] Quenk N. L. Essentials of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator [2] Dunning D. 10 Career Essentials. Nicholas Brealey Assessment, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Second Edition, Publishing, Boston, London. 2010 2009. 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