=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1755/79-84
|storemode=property
|title=Comparing Research outputs of Nigeria Federal Universities Based on the Scopus Database
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1755/79-84.pdf
|volume=Vol-1755
|authors=Bashir S Galadanci,Maryam I Mukhtar,Sanah Abdullahi Muaz
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cori/GaladanciMM16
}}
==Comparing Research outputs of Nigeria Federal Universities Based on the Scopus Database==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1755/79-84.pdf
Comparing Research outputs of Nigeria Federal
Universities Based on the Scopus Database
Bashir S. Galadanci Sanah A. Muaz Maryam I. Mukhtar
Bayero University Kano Bayero University Kano Bayero University Kano
Software Engineering Department Software Engineering Department Software Engineering Department
+2348032032211 +2348034143099 +2348034574409
bashirgaladanci@yahoo.com samaaz.cs@buk.edu.ng mimukhtar.se@buk.edu.ng
ABSTRACT policy making, grant allocation, quality assurance, quality
Research outputs are among the key indices in the world ranking assessment, quality improvement, benchmarking and sustainability
among other factors [9][27]. For example, in Nigeria, the National
of universities. The focus of Nigerian universities, is teaching and
Universities Commission (NUC) presidential special scholarship
research. This paper compares research outputs of Nigerian
scheme for innovation and development adopted the QS World
Federal Universities (NFU’s) based on their publication records in Universities ranking to select universities for first class honors
the Scopus database. It was found that University of Ibadan (UI) degree scholars, for their postgraduate programs [16]. The QS
has the highest total number of research outputs more than other World Universities Rankings of 2013/2014 indicated that no
NFU’s. Bayero University Kano has the highest percentage of Nigerian university (NU) is listed among the ranked universities
papers with international research collaborations than other NFU’s [24].
although there is a general growth pattern in publications in all of
Research is one of the key indices in the ranking of universities
the universities selected for the study. Researchers in NFU’s can and NU is focused on teaching and research. In this paper, our
use these findings in creating collaborative efforts amongst each focus is on research because it constitutes one of the major criteria
other. The National Universities Commission (NUC) can also use for ranking of universities [18]. Research has proven to be the
these findings as the basis in developing and implementing a source of important breakthroughs regarding our knowledge of the
framework that can significantly increase the visibility of research world and the evaluation of scientific research is considered to be
outputs from NFU’s in the Scopus database and hence pave the of great importance. One of the main factors in the assessment of
way for the NFU’s to be listed in the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) research performance is its international influence which
World Universities Rankings. represents a measurable aspect of scientific quality [12].
The various works such as that of [17] [19] [23] have compared
research outputs of NU, however all of them were using
CCS Concepts questionnaires as tools for their analysis. The main issue with
• General and reference ➝Document types ➝Surveys and
questionnaire analysis is that the accuracy of the responses cannot
overviews be verified as database with such publications are not available to
the researchers. Others such as [6] [13] have analyzed research
Keywords outputs of NU based on some specific Nigerian journals and
Research outputs; Patent; Scopus; QS World Universities Ranking;
African Journals respectively. The issue with using only these two
International collaborations journals is that the scope is narrow as international collaborations
and patents were not investigated in their studies. Objective and
1. INTRODUCTION accurate research outputs, including citations, number of authors,
Some of the best known university rankings are: The Academic
journals, countries, etc. are typically provided by databases [17]
Ranking of World Universities; the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS)
which are arguably the most reliable sources of data for
Ranking; the Times Higher Education World Universities
bibliometric studies [10]. Clearly, there is the need for a verifiable
Ranking; the SCImago Institution Ranking; the Leiden World
and accurate comparison of NU research outputs in terms of
Ranking; the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for world
citations, h-index, research outputs, number of authors and
universities; the ranking of the Web of World universities [1] and
publication records in journals, international collaborations as well
the Web of Universities of the Cybermetrics Ranking [20] [26].
as patent.
However, the Times Higher Education Ranking is the only private
independent ranking [1]. As such in this paper, we compare the research outputs of Nigeria
Federal Universities (NFU’s) based on the Scopus database.
The ranking of universities has recently gained interest as a result
Scopus is a product of Elsevier and is the world’s largest abstract
of the need to acquire tools which can be used for management,
and citation database comprising of peer-reviewed research
literature. The Scopus database contains more than 18,000 titles of
international journals from over 5,000 international publishers. The
objectives of the study are fourfold:(1) to identify the number of
research outputs published by each of the NFU’s selected for the
CoRI’16, Sept 7–9, 2016, Ibadan, Nigeria. study; (2) to compare the productivity of the NFU’s; (3) to
determine the extent of international research collaborations of the
NFU’s; (4) to identify the most prolific authors in the NFU’s. This
analysis will create collaborative efforts between scholars in the
Nigerian Universities, may guide the NUC to adapt their
79
publication policy with a view to significantly increasing the Research outputs in the context of NU’s based on the Scopus
visibility of NU’s research outputs in the Scopus database, and can database are scarce in the literature. In fact, it can be seen that none
be used to encourage international collaboration in NFU’s. of the cited studies have investigated the pattern of research
The paper is organized as follows: section 2 present some related outputs of Universities in Nigeria based on the Scopus database.
works, section 3 presents a detailed description of the research
methodology including the selection criteria of the universities
3. METHODOLOGY
The NUC indicated that there are 40 federal universities in Nigeria
under study. Section 4 discusses the results of the study and makes
[16]. The oldest University is the University of Ibadan (UI) as
some concluding remarks and further research is discussed in
shown in Table 1. A complete list and details of the universities
section 5.
can be found through the NUC official website
2. LITERATURE REVIEW (http://www.nuc.edu.ng/). Nigeria is divided into 6 geopolitical
There are bibliometrics studies in the literature regarding research zones: North Central (NC), North East (NE), North West (NW),
outputs in NU’s. For example, Nwagwu [13] studied the research SS, SE and SW. Each of these zones has 6 states, except the SE
outputs of biomedical scholars in Nigeria based on publications in which has 5. The NFU’s are spread across these 6 zones.
Nigerian journals indexed in Medline. The study covered research Data was collected from publication records (journals, conference
published between 1967 and 2002 and found that the productivity proceedings and book chapters) as well as patents for each of the
coefficient of first authors was higher than the productivity of any federal universities from the Scopus database and was analyzed
other authors. using Scopus Analyzer. The Times Higher Education World
Universities Ranking also used research publications in the Scopus
Similarly, [17] conducted a study on the research outputs of some
database for ranking the research outputs of universities [1].The
selected NU’s located in three geopolitical zones of Nigeria
Scopus database provides researchers a fast, simple, and virtually
namely; South South (SS), South East (SE) and South West (SW).
complete resource to support the research needs of the scientific,
Data regarding the scholar’s publications in science and
technical, medical, social science, and art and humanities
engineering faculties in both indexed and non-indexed journals
disciplines [28]. The year span for this research was limited to year
were elicited through questionnaires and the period covered was
1990-2014, for fairness of comparison, since the universities were
from 1997 to 2006. Results showed that the scholars published
not established in the same year, as discussed in the study [11] on
more in local journals than in international journals. Further
Korean Universities. For the purpose of selection, publications of
analysis of the results revealed that no significant differences
each of the NFU’s were collected since inception of the
existed in the research outputs of the scholars in local publications;
universities. In each of the zones, the 2 universities with the
however a significant difference existed in their international
highest number of research outputs were selected for study (see
publications [19].
Table 1) to have a reflection of the Universities in Nigeria.
Popoola [23] investigated the impact of information sources and Numbers of publications were used as the criteria for the selection
services on the research outputs of social scientists in 13 first and because the focus of this research is the research outputs of the
second generation universities in Nigeria. The data for the study NFU’s, a major indicator of research reputation of a university [6].
were collected through questionnaires and analyzed. It was
established that the use of information sources and services had an
effect on the research outputs of social scientists, with on average Table 1. The profile of the selected universities each with a
two outputs produced each year. corresponding total number of research outputs since the
inception of the university as retrieved from Scopus (May 2014)
Also [6] compared research outputs in Nigeria’s tertiary
institutions by extracting data from 7 journals selected from the Established Research Generation
University Official Website
African Journals online database, for a period from 1999 to 2005. outputs
It was found that polytechnics in Nigeria have very low research http://www.abu. 1948 14,197 First
UI edu.ng/
outputs, although African Journals online is of course limited only
to journals from Africa. http://www.oaui 1962 6,673 First
OAU fe.edu.ng/
Furthermore, [19] analyzed the research outputs of 13 Federal
Universities in Southern Nigeria. The data was collected through http://www.abu. 1962 5,209 First
ABU edu.ng/
administering of questionnaires. Their results showed that there is
no significant difference in the mean research output of academics http://www.buk. 1975 773 Second
in the universities of southern Nigeria. However there is statistical BUK edu.ng/
difference in the mean research output between the universities http://www.uni 1975 1,498 Second
when local journal publications were considered. Their results also UNIMAID maid.edu.ng/
showed that the University of Benin had the highest mean
publication output in local journals while University of http://www.atbu 1988 350 Third
ATBU .edu.ng/
Agriculture, Abeokuta had the highest in international journals.
http://www.unil 1975 3025 Second
Oliver and Miriam [29] also investigate the research output of UILORIN orin.edu.ng/
about 1,800 business economists working at Austrian, German and
Swiss universities. The research rankings of the university http://www.unij 1975 1,610 Second
UJ os.edu.ng/
departments were analyzed to determine each department’s
research performance. Their results showed that individual http://www.unib 1970 4,271 Second
research productivity and consequently departmental research UB en.edu.ng/
productivity is affected by institutional and personal http://www.unip 1975 2,121 Second
UP
characteristics.
80
ort.edu.ng/ Total 1990-2014 359 570 12t
h
http://www.unn. 1960 5,762 First
UNN edu.ng/ BUK 1990-1994 41 41
http://www.uniz 1992 1,110 Third 1995-1999 32 54
UNIZIK ik.edu.ng/
2000-2004 36 73
2005-2009 159 158
A total of 12 Universities were included in the study: the 2010-2014 361 158
University of Maiduguri (UNIMAID) (Borno State); Abubakar
Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) (Bauchi State); Bayero Total 1990-2014 629 484 11t
h
University Kano (BUK) (Kano State); Ahmadu Bello University
(ABU) (Kaduna State); the University of Jos (UJ) (Plateau State); ABU 1990-1994 329 157
the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN) (Kwara State); the
University of Ibadan (UI) (Oyo State); Obafemi Awolowo 1995-1999 361 158
University (OAU) (Osun State); the University of Port-Harcourt 2000-2004 457 156
(UP) (Rivers State); the University of Benin (UB) (Edo State); the 2005-2009 967 158
University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) (Enugu State); and Nnamdi
Azikiwe University (UNIZIK) (Anambra State). The universities 2010-2014 1474 160
were classified into generations (Table 1) based on the Total 1990-2014 3588 789 4th
classifications given by [14].
UNILORIN 1990-1994 219 154
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
1995-1999 236 158
The results of the analysis provided by the Scopus analyzer are
presented below and comprise the analysis of the NFU research 2000-2004 269 158
outputs based on subject area, author index, international 2005-2009 748 158
collaborations, patents, together with a comparison of research
outputs of the UI and selected universities from Malaysia, Brazil, 2010-2014 1211 159
Indonesia, and South Africa. Total 1990-2014 2683 787 6th
UJ 1990-1994 219 155
Research productivity by university affiliation
1995-1999 177 155
Table 2 presents the total number of research outputs for each of
the NFU’s including the scholars involved in the research. The first 2000-2004 193 154
column is the name of the university, the second column represent 2005-2009 408 150
the period covered for the research outputs, the third column shows
the number of research outputs within the latter and the fourth 2010-2014 458 150
column presents the number of authors involved in producing the Total 1990-2014 1455 764 8th
research outputs. The last column of Table 2 shows the ranking of
each of the universities in terms of the number of research outputs UI 1990-1994 524 160
published. The period of the publications are categorized into 4 1995-1999 633 159
subgroups in an interval of 5 years, similar to the work of Park 2000-2004 961 159
[21], in order to investigate any changes in research output over
time [12]. 2005-2009 2458 160
Table 2. Research productivity of the universities and authors 2010-2014 3261 158
involved during 1990–2014 Total 1990-2014 7837 796 1st
University Period Research Authors Ra OAU 1990-1994 549 158
covered outputs involved nk
1995-1999 521 160
UNIMAID 1990-1994 149 155
2000-2004 788 159
1995-1999 180 157
2005-2009 1699 159
2000-2004 179 156
2010-2014 1643 159
2005-2009 395 150
Total 1990-2014 5200 795 2nd
2010-2014 532 158
UB 1990-1994 261 157
Total 1990-2014 1435 776 9th
1995-1999 259 158
ATBU 1990-1994 34 58
2000-2004 390 158
1995-1999 71 127
2005-2009 1163 158
2000-2004 43 85
2010-2014 1210 158
2005-2009 105 156
Total 1990-2014 3283 789 5th
2010-2014 106 144
UP 1990-1994 173 157
81
1995-1999 148 153 Table 3: The most prolific researchers in the 12 selected
2000-2004 191 155 universities
2005-2009 533 158 Author Research Citations
Author Name University
2010-2014 777 159 ID outputs (h-index)
Total 1990-2014 1822 782 7th 70062 Mohammed,
UNIMAID 47 274(4)
41848 Idris
UNN 1990-1994 476 154
66034 Aliyu,
1995-1999 466 159 ATBU 30 144(6)
34330 Usman O.
2000-2004 489 155 Habib,
35569
2005-2009 1025 155 Abdulrazaq BUK 37 390(10)
54140
Garba
2010-2014 2030 157
70063
Total 1990-2014 4486 780 3rd Ameh E. A. ABU 148 822(15)
56993
UNIZIK 1990-1994 32 51
70036 Abdurrahma UNILORI 76 278(1)
1995-1999 120 156 08012 n, Murtala B. N
2000-2004 151 148 66026 Agaba, 54 206(8)
UJ
2005-2009 256 144 79143 Emmanuel I.
2010-2014 597 155 70065 Ogunniyi, 151 2862(22)
UI
18286 Adesola O.
Total 1990-2014 1156 654 10t
h 70038 Bassir, 113 241(0)
OAU
46322 Olumbe
70035 Okieimen F. 117 1101(18)
Table 2 clearly shows that in all of the universities included in UNIBEN
the study, the pattern of research outputs are changing over time. 32113 Ebhodaghe
The number of research outputs is increasing in each of the 70039 Orisakwe, O. 122 700(12)
UP
universities as well as the number of authors involved in those 98930 E.
output. The increasing number of publications as well as authors 70048 Akah, Peter 119 1216(15)
might be attributable to an increased awareness of the need to UNN
48496 Achunike
publish in reputable indexed journals. The university with the
highest number of research outputs between 1990 and 2014 is the 67016 Esimone C. UNIZIK 95 454(10)
UI whereas ATBU has the lowest output. This is not surprising 61871 Okechukwu
because ATBU is a third generation university and research
outputs increases with the age of the university, as shown in Table In a similar manner to the work of Bar-Ilan [3], Table 3 shows the
1. The top 4 universities with the highest number of research most productive scholars in each university in terms of their ID,
outputs are the first generation universities (see Tables 1 and 2). If name, institutional affiliation, and department, number of
the researchers in NFU’s are motivated to publish research outputs publications, citations, and h-index. The performance index of the
in journals indexed in Scopus, probably the number of the research researchers is based on the number of publications, citations, and
outputs in Scopus from NFU’s can significantly increase over time. h-index [15] [7].In each of the universities, the scholar with the
Even if not all the NFU’s is motivated, the motivation can be pilot highest number of publications based on the Scopus rankings was
test with the first generation universities in view of the fact that selected for inclusion. The scholar that has the highest number of
they have the potentials to compete with other world class research outputs, citations, and h-index is Ogunniyi, Adesola O.,
Universities if adequately motivated. It was found however that who can probably therefore be considered as the most influential
most scholars in Nigerian universities publish in non-indexed local researcher in medicine in Nigeria. Bassir, Olumbe and
journals [17]. This limits the visibility of the research outputs Abdurrahman, Murtala B. have 0 and 1 h-index respectively,
internationally and hence also its impact. Figure 1 below depicts despite having high publications and citations. This is because
the rankings of NFU’s based on Table 2. Scopus considers only articles published after 1995 for
computation of the h-index [28].
International collaborations
NFU'S Rankings
International research collaborations are measured based on
international co-authorship [11]. International collaborations in
1st 3rd 5th 7th 9th 12th research are essential for some types of research as they may be
11th necessary for funding purposes and to increase research
2nd 4th 6th 8th 10th productivity [10]. Moreover, Amin and Mabe [2] have shown that
international collaborative papers have more impact than papers
authored by a single author. Therefore, it was necessary to analyze
the international research collaborations between the NFU’s and
other universities outside Nigeria. As per Beaver [4], the
collaborations were extracted from the Scopus categorization of
Figure 1: Ranking of NFU’s international collaborating affiliations of institutions. Scopus is one
82
of the standard methods used in such an analysis of co-authorship generation universities respectively. The universities with the
[10]. Table 5 shows the total number of international lowest number of international collaborations are the UNILORIN
collaborations and percentages (bold) computed using Equation (1) and the UI as indicated in Table 4. The UI, despite having a very
for each of the universities. high number of research outputs compared to the other NFU’s, still
requires significant improvement in terms of international profile.
tic
Pic x100 (1)
tp 5. CONCLUSION
Where Pic, tic, and tp are the percentage of international The paper compares the research outputs of the NFU’s in order to
collaborations, number of research outputs with international allow policy makers to quickly identify areas of weakness. The
collaborations (see Table 5) and the total number of research research outputs of the NFU’s were collected from the Scopus
outputs (1990–2014 refer to Table 2). The rank column in Table 5 database and analyzed. The major findings are; The UI has the
indicates the ranking for each of the universities based on highest number of research outputs among the universities under
percentage of international collaborations. The highest rank is 1 study and was found to be leading in mathematics, computer
and the lowest 12. science, medicine and the social sciences and BUK has the highest
percentage of papers (31.64%) with international research
Table 4. Percentage of university international collaborations
collaborations.
1990–2014
Future work will include extension to other research subject areas.
University International Rank
We also suggest future researchers to conduct a study on the
Collaborations
comparison of first, second and third generation universities in
UNIMAID 233 (16.23) 4th Nigeria. To investigate the annual research and development
ATBU 112 (31.20) 2nd budgets of the universities and to look in more detail at citations
per staff, international faculty, ratio of international students and
UNILORIN 20 (0.75) 12th citation per faculty among other characteristics as derived from the
UJ 276 (19.00) 3rd Scopus database. We also suggest that future research compare the
productivity of the private, state and federal Universities in
UB 204 (6.21) 7th Nigeria.
UP 52 (2.85) 10th
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