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https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1788/STIDS_2016_K1_Obrst_Underwood.pdf
STIDS 2016 Invited Talk:
A Whistle-stop Tour of Ontology-based Solutions to Improve
Situational Awareness for a Dull, Dirty, Diverse IoT
Dr. Leo Obrst and Dr. Mark Underwood
Abstract
The Internet of Things is already an awkward, overly confident adolescent learning to get along with the rest of
computing society. When a 2005 paper asking for “Sympathy for the Sensor Network Debugger” was presented
(Ramanathan et al., 2005), Juniper Network’s recent estimate of 38 billion connected things would have seemed
farfetched. IoT is not new. The old: closed real time sensor-edge networks, distributed computing, loosely coupled
heterogeneous networks, bridge-building across disparate domains, software that reasons about real world events.
But a lot is new. Streaming data platforms (Paypal, Prometheus, etc), software-defined networks, ready access to
cloud-based reasoning APIs. In this talk we take a whistle-stop tour of use cases around a single family of sensors:
the smart humidistat (e.g, Ecobee Si, Honeywell VisionPro and FocusPro). We identify the issues raised by the use
case family and suggest aspects of those issues best addressed by ontology-based solutions. We conclude by citing
opportunities to integrate ontologies into model-based engineering approaches, highlighting lessons from the 2015
Ontology Summit (Underwood et al., 2015). Domain models are needed for chillers, data centers, refrigeration
units, etc. Cross-domain models are needed to “import” external events such as weather or temperature, and to rea-
son about time and duration in terms that make sense for a local context. Manufacturer-supported (or, for widely-
adopted consumer products, crowdsourced) models are needed to address subtle, implementation-specific man-
agement of battery life, calibration, duty cycle, performance range and maintenance best practices. At the whis-
pered-about edge of the conversation about IoT, ontologies can be integrated with simulation, test and resilience
exercises. IoT likely piles a layer of added complexity over nontrivial enterprise applications. Existing software
design life cycle (SDLC) practices aren’t much help.
Biography: Dr. Leo Obrst
Dr. Leo Obrst is Chief Scientist for Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence in the CogSci & AI department of
MITRE’s (www.mitre.org) Center for Connected Government (CCG), where he created and led, but now advises
the Information Semantics Group (semantics, ontological engineering, knowledge representation and reasoning).
He has been involved in projects on Semantic Web rule/ontology interaction, automated reasoning, context-based
semantic interoperability, ontology-based knowledge management, conceptual/semantic search and information
retrieval, metadata and taxonomy/thesaurus construction for community knowledge sharing, intelligent agent tech-
nology, semantic support for natural language processing, and ontology-based modeling of complex decision-
making for situational awareness, command and control, cyberspace, information integration and analysis, intelli-
gence and event analysis/prediction. His most recent research is as chief ontologist and chief computer scientist for
a US Veteran’s Health Administration project on next-generation semantic health care records, and patient-
STIDS 2016 Proceedings Page viii
centered clinical support, 2014-present. In 1999-2001, he was director of ontological engineering at Vertical-
Net.com, a department he formed to create ontologies in the product and service space to support Business-to-
Business e-commerce. Leo has worked over 32 years in computational linguistics, knowledge representation, and
in the past 21 years in ontological engineering and more recently (since 2001) in Semantic Web technologies. Leo
is co-author (with Mike Daconta and Kevin Smith) of the book "The Semantic Web: The Future of XML, Web
Services," and Knowledge Management, John Wiley, Inc., June, 2003; co-editor (with Terry Janssen and Werner
Ceusters) of the book "Ontologies and Semantic Technologies for Intelligence," IOS Press, August, 2010; and has
published many book chapters, conference and workshop papers (over 70 refereed papers) and many reviews. He
has organized or been a program committee member on more than 75 conferences/workshops, including Formal
Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS), Ontologies for the Intelligence Community (OIC), the Association for
the Advanced of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), and the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC). He is a
Senior Member of AAAI, and a long term member of ACM and LSA.
Biography: Dr. Mark Underwood
Dr. Mark Underwood is the CEO and co-founder of Krypton Brothers LLC, a consultancy specializing in Big Data
security, rapid intranet exploitation, digital forensics, software quality and domain-specific frameworks.
Underwood has served as lead engineer or principal investigator on artificial intelligence projects for DARPA and
for Army and Air Force research laboratories. Most recently, he is working with standards organizations to foster
information assurance and provenance transparency. Underwood is co-chair of the NIST Big Data Public Working
Group’s security and privacy subgroup, and was co-chair of the 2015 Ontology Summit focused on the Internet of
Things. In 2014, he served on the workshop committee for the IEEE Big Data Conference and moderated several
panels. He is a NIST Guest Researcher and currently serves on the ISO/IEC JTC1 Working Group WG9 on Big
Data.
Other standards and related work: Underwood is a member of the IEEE P 1915.1 Security for Virtualized Envi-
ronments WG, working on a standard for SDN and NFV security. He is an ASQ Certified Software Quality Engi-
neer. He has participated in reviews of audit practices in the HL7 PASS Healthcare Audit Services ad hoc commit-
tee and the 2016 version of the OMG Cloud Standards Customer Council ‘s Security Standards Whitepaper. In the
forthcoming “White paper on Semantic Interoperability for the Web of Things” produced under the aegis of IEEE
P2413, he drafted the section on API-first and microservices.
Underwood is an advocate for patient-managed health information, including access to automated decision support
systems. He is a professional writer whose emphasis is technology and health topics. In recent years, articles have
appeared in The Daily Beast, CBS TechRepublic, and Drugstore News for sponsors that range from GE and the
Annenberg Center for Health Sciences to Time Warner Cable. He has written recurring columns for Syncsort, Ips-
witch and ADP.
Underwood also plays electric violin and edits the sites PoetryandScience.com and BigDataStandards.com.
Recent publications
Underwood M. Intranet Exploitation of Social Network Knowledge Intelligence. In: Chugh R, ed. Harnessing So-
cial Media As a Knowledge Management Tool (Advances in Knowledge Acquisition, Transfer, and Manage-
ment. Hershey, PA: IGI Global; 2016.
Underwood M. Big Data Complex Event Processing for Internet of Things Provenance: Benefits for Audit, Foren-
sics and Safety. In: Brooks T, ed. Cyber-Assurance for the Internet of Things. Hoboken NJ: Wiley; 2016.
STIDS 2016 Proceedings Page ix