=Paper= {{Paper |id=Vol-1795/paper28 |storemode=property |title=Semantics and Interoperability in a Reporting System for Infectious Disease Control |pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1795/paper28.pdf |volume=Vol-1795 |authors=Olga Streibel,Göran Kirchner |dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/swat4ls/StreibelK16 }} ==Semantics and Interoperability in a Reporting System for Infectious Disease Control== https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1795/paper28.pdf 
                     Semantics and Interoperability
                         in a Reporting System
                     for Infectious Disease Control

                             Olga Streibel and Göran Kirchner

       Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Diseases, Data Management Unit,
                               Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
                                  {streibelo@rki.de}
                                  {kirchnerg@rki.de}
                                   http://www.rki.de


        Abstract. The German Electronic Reporting System for Infectious Disease Con-
        trol (DEMIS) aims at creating a reliable, knowledge-based platform that provides
        services for respective experts and decision makers. This fast-responsive system
        enables reporting in accordance with legal requirements by the German Law for
        Protection against Infection Act (IFSG). DEMIS is built on several components,
        one of which is a semantic data and rule service component that we introduce in
        this paper.

        Keywords: semantic technology, interoperability, eHealth standards, linked data
        service


1     Introduction
In case of an (disease) outbreak, the relevant data and information have to be reported
in shortest time to the public health authorities in order to diminish the further spread
by taking appropriate interventions and control measures. With regard to prevention
and early detection, sophisticated approaches for forecasting and estimation of critical
epidemiological situations are needed. The notification and reporting process follows
in many countries the regulations of the national public health laws. In Germany, the
relevant IFSG-law formulates rules and defines the frame for necessary actions to be
undertaken, describes the duties for the obliged notifiers and specifies the notifiable
evidence for pathogens and diagnoses that have to be reported in case of their occur-
rence. Infectious disease data are collected by the local health authorities from various
sources, like microbiological labs, treating physicians and community facilities. The
Robert Koch Institute (RKI) receives and analyzes these data of various communicable
diseases in Germany1 .


2     Semantic component
The existing reporting system is maintained with help of a surveillance software, SurvNet,
developed at RKI for the purpose of infectious and epidemiological case data collection
 1
     http://goo.gl/eZ50HH
2       Olga Streibel and Göran Kirchner

and analysis. The current surveillance software, should be enhanced by DEMIS system.
DEMIS’s main goal is to enable all notifiers to submit their information electronically
and seamlessly. To support this process of data collection and transmission from various
heterogeneous sources and to process the so obtained information sensibly the interop-
erability capabilities of the system have to be strengthened. This includes a machine
consumable formulation of the semantic knowledge in the epidemiological field as well
as a formalization of the involved rules to model the dependent processes according to
this vocabulary. We propose a semantic component (see Fig. 1) that mainly provides
the following functionality: 1. terminology and data service, 2. data curation and edit-
ing and 3. search and visualization. Our component can be accessed on different data
security and trust levels, i.e. by internal users (epidemiological experts and decision
makers) and secured services resp. by external users and public services.




                 Fig. 1: DEMIS – semantic component, functionality view.

    Within our component, the knowledge base with epidemiological concepts is main-
tained. It contains the relevant internal DEMIS ontologies as well as links to external
knowledge. Aiming at enhancement of epidemiological data interoperability, we plan
to automatically connect the existing concepts within a relevant e-health standard code,
e.g. ’Pathogen’ concept with ID 1.2.276.0.76.5.441 ’Signifikante Pathogene’ in HL7
(German edition), illustrated in following by SNOMED-CT ID:
@prefix sct:  .
@prefix demis:  .

sct:id:264418008 rdfs:label "Pathogenic organism"@en .
demis:OWLClass_Agens
      owl:equivalentClass demis:Pathogen ;
      rdf:type owl:Class ;
      rdfs:label "Agens"@de ;

In order to achieve the needed law compliance, the semantic component will be enriched
with a rule component. Here the semantic concepts are used to formalize the processes
and dependencies in a way that enables autonomous agents to process the information.

Acknowledgments
This project is an ongoing work under the funding of the German Federal Ministry of
Health. We would like to thank all our project colleagues involved in it, especially our
technical project leader, Hermann Claus, for making our contribution possible.