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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>H. Kaindl. Object-oriented approaches
in software engineering and artificial intelli-
gence. Journal of Object-Oriented Program-
ming</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Hermann Kaindl Siemens AG Austria</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>PSE Geusaugasse</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Vienna</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Austria hermann.kaindl@siemens.at</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>H. Kaindl</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>(V.R. Benjamins</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>B. Chandrasekaran, A. Gomez-Perez, N. Guarino, M. Uschold, eds.)</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>[Man99] M. Mannion, B. Keepence, H. Kaindl and J. Wheadon. Reusing Single System Requirements from Application Family Requirements. In Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE-21)</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Los Angeles, CA</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="US">USA</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <year>1994</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>6</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <abstract>
        <p>http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-18/</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>-</title>
      <p>When approaching a framework for a field like that of
ontologies, it is certainly necessary to make explicit the
relation with such areas as object-oriented systems, database
systems and knowledge-based systems. It has been my
view for quite a long time that many fundamental ideas are
common in those areas, and I think they share them with the
field of ontologies as well. So, I tried to raise the awareness
of such commonalties inside the object-oriented
community [Kai94a]. In a special issue in IJHCS [Kai94b], I
collected several papers illustrating mutual influences among
the fields of object-oriented development, artificial
intelligence and human-computer interaction. A more recent
special section in CACM [Kai99] covered the wider area
of symbolic modeling in practice. Modeling is a complex
activity of abstracting information and knowledge from a
given domain, in order to achieve a model that contains the
essentials from the perspective of the modelers and their
given goals. While this definition includes building
numeric models, for instance, the focus was on models in
terms of symbols, and so this was called “symbolic
modeling”. Are ontologies useful for symbolic modeling in
practice?</p>
      <p>A major issue in the practice of software engineering
is reuse. Recently, we argued that it should already start
with the requirements, which is feasible in application
families of systems [Man99]. Can reusable ontologies help to
achieve further improvements in software development?
The copyright of this paper belongs to the papers authors. Permission to
copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the
copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage.
Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 workshop on
Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods (KRR5)
Stockholm, Sweden, August 2, 1999
[Kai94a]
[Kai99]</p>
    </sec>
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