=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1821/W2_paper1
|storemode=property
|title=The Logic of Use and Functioning of Personal KM-supported Experience Management
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1821/W2_paper1.pdf
|volume=Vol-1821
|authors=Ulrich Schmitt
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/wm/Schmitt17
}}
==The Logic of Use and Functioning of Personal KM-supported Experience Management==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1821/W2_paper1.pdf
WM1017 - 9te Konferenz Professionelles Wissensmanagement
5.-7. April 2017 in Karlsruhe, Deutschland
The Logic of Use and Functioning of
Personal KM-supported Experience Management
Ulrich Schmitt
University of Stellenbosch Business School
PO Box 610, Bellville 7535, South Africa
schmitt@knowcations.org
Abstract. Failures of Knowledge Management (KM) Projects are largely blamed
for an overemphasis of IT and a knowledge-as-a-resource approach. Experience
Management (EM) suggests a more process-oriented focus centering on the ca-
to support practices and experiences confronted by chang-
ing and diverse contexts. Recent corporate surveys confirm the significance of
experience, but also imply a reluctance in engaging in systematic support.
A misguided or implied lack of organizational effort, however, also weakens the
underlying KM/EM premise of enabling people to obtain relevant, context-rich
information, when needed, to do their unique jobs more effectively. By not de-
livering on their promises, KM investments are - as consequence - not getting the
necessary acceptance from the work force and its leaders.
on utilizing existing and creating new knowledge and on giving more power and
autonomy to individuals and self-organized groups. However, such promising
scenarios have not materialized yet.
Accordingly,
ing trend to decide autonomously on where, how, and for whom individuals will
put their knowledge to work. Professionals will be increasingly eager to carry -
while moving from one project or responsibility to the next - their particular Per-
sonal KM System version with them, presenting them with the sovereignty to
develop their personal experiences/expertise systematically and sustainably and
to voluntarily share it with associates and institutions close to them. Current KM
market configurations, however, exhibit a range of potent barriers which prevent
Knowledge Workers as well as Knowledge Societies from accessing the full po-
tential of digital opportunities.
The paper approaches the notion of Experience Management from an alternative
angle by introducing a novel Personal Knowledge Management Concept and
System which incorporates a range of renowned methodologies: Information
Space, Cumulative Synthesis, Attention Management, Associative Indexing, and
Creative Conversations.
Keywords: Knowledge management · personal knowledge management · ex-
perience management · information space · design science · Knowcations.
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1 A Grass-Roots View of Personal Knowledge Management
The aims of the novel1 Knowledge Management (KM) concept and prototype to be
introduced are to promote Knowledge Worker 2 creativity, social and intellectual cap-
ital throughout his/her academic and professional careers anywhere - and to support
their roles as contributors and beneficiaries of organizational and societal performance.
Although the primary goal is to strengthen individual sovereignty and personal appli-
cations, it is not meant to be at the expense of Organizational KM, but rather as the
means to foster a fruitful co-evolution [5,6].
This ambition is based on the mutually beneficial synergies in the PKM OKM con-
text and on a solid common ground of renowned and accepted KM methodologies and
practices incorporated in the PKM concept and visualized as - repre-
sentations [1,7] including 8,9], [10],
the Information-Space Model with its Social Learning Cycle [11], the SECI-Model
[12], t 13,14], and the Notional
Model of the Sensemaking Loop for Intelligence Analysis [15].
- and
perspective by following up on the premise of
meme3-based repositories and modifications [19].
1 The novelty of the PKM system (PKMS) is based on four major deviations from the traditional
Organizational KM (OKM) systems (OKMS) [1,2
italized knowledge is always at
and re-
environment, (2) Its Bottom- -down,
institutional KM developments, (3) Its Meme Focus differs from the current document-centric
OKMS by turning to the capturing, storing, and re-purposing of basic information structures
(memes or ideas) and their relationships (to create knowledge assets and documents) rather
than storing and referencing them the conventional way in their containers only, (4) Its Crea-
tive Conversation Focus is based on the shared aggregated meme trajectories between PKMS
terest.
2 - as used in this paper is not restricted to the narrowly defined
socio-
[3]. Instead, it follows Gurteen [4] who places - rather - the
who have taken responsibility for their work lives. They continually strive to understand the
world about them and modify their work practices and behaviors to better meet their personal
3 Memes were originally described by Dawkins [16] as units of cultural transmission or imita-
tion (e.g. ideas, tunes, catch-phrases, skills, technologies). They are (cognitive) information-
structures that evolve over time through a Darwinian process of variation, selection and trans-
mission with their longevity being determined by their environment. Koch [17] refers to them
-how, skills and technology in the
rcial vehi-
cle before it can attain its potential and deliver a valuable product or service" (just like
18]).
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Figure 1: Dynamic Meme Modifications (8Rs) and Memeplexes, based on [2, 20]
At the roots level, the PKMS relies on the digital re-use of captured unique basic
information units (ideas, memes, or business genes [19] by embedding them in digital
documents via structural references [21]. As briefly stipulated in a prior article [2] and
summarized in figure 1, any of these memes and their meta-data can be simply reposited
-
by codification, container, or context) 4 to evolve with repeated utilization over time
into an increasingly complex construct (memeplex, see bottom right in figure 1).
The three basic forward modifications together with linkages between memes,
sources, and hosts allow for creating ever more complex information units (from
memes over memeplexes to knowledge assets). The trajectories established enable the
backward tracing from a meme to their prior version or to other ideas absorbed (usually
shown as references), to additional augmented details (e.g. footnotes, figures, tables),
or guiding or supporting elements (e.g. standards, heuristics, evidence, feedback) as
well as the forward tracing to subsequent re-uses [22,23]. To validate the approach,
new publications and presentations have been authored based on the memes and their
relations captured in the PKMS knowledge base, exemplified by
[24].
This paper will use these three basic modification types as the point of departure to
briefly introduce some of the relevant key features and philosophies of the PKM ap-
proach, before focusing on its implications on experience management.
4 The differentiation according to codification (symbols), container (application), and context
20], although the arrangements and terms
have been amended to better fit the meme and PKM settings.
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1.1 Codification The Basis of PKM-sustained Cumulative Synthesis
Codified or externalized knowledge can be easily disseminated and stored over space
and time. Stewart and Cohen have termed the resulting cumulative archive of human
cultural experience and know- 25] able to be accessed and aug-
mented via depends on wide and rapid dissemination of new
knowledge so that findings can be discarded if they are unreliable or built on if they are
[26] allowing scholars on
the earlier work without having to repeat that work. The citation both credits the origi-
[27].
However, the familiar problem of information scarcity has recently been substituted
by a never before experienced ever-increasing attention-consuming information abun-
dance [28]
of digital information, we lack effective tools for selecting, structuring, personalizing,
and making sense of 29].
The PKM concept addresses this gap and its meme-based approach fully subscribes
Cumulative Synthesis and its four iterative interdependent
phases (perception of incomplete or unsatisfactory pattern, stage setting, act of insight,
and critical revision) [30,31]
1.2 Container The Source of Unsustainable Entropy and Attention Poverty
The lack of adequate tools to deal with the accelerating complexities and information
abundance does not offer any assistance to the fragile human memory and finite atten-
tion capacities [2 -
rich world, progress does not lie in the direction of reading information faster, writing
it faster, and storing more of it. Progress lies in the direction of extracting and exploiting
the patterns of the world - its redundancy - so that far less information needs to be read,
writt [32]. This redundancy originates from the rising share of content
which has been replicated in a multitude of digital documents instead of digitally em-
bedding and reusing content via structural references.
As result, digital knowledge repositories are -
files, resembling linear content in accordance with outdated formatting and storing tra-
ditions, while needlessly adding fragmented and redundant copies to the mounting in-
formation load 2], unnecessarily adding to defeating the very attentiveness human
cognitive capabilities are able to master [32]. Management of Attention in
personal and organizational life could have been in place by now, if only
5
decades old vision of [33,34,35].
5 In 1945, Vannevar Bush (then President Truman's Scientific Research Director) imagined the
records, communications, annotations, and contributions, and to record non-fading trails of
- all easily accessible and
f acquaintances [33]. As an inspiring idea never realized, the
-close-as-it-gets ancestor of the PKM concept and system proposed.
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1.3 Context (Traceability) The Need for Curated Associative Indexing
In contrast to traditional KM approaches, the PKMS views knowledge assets and their
containers as being made up of relationships between memes in the same manner in-
dustrial supply chains rely on technical interrelatedness by connecting discrete parts,
ingredients, and labor to their final products and services. Due to the captured relations,
any meme can similarly be tracked and traced by creating as-built genealogies either
back in history to locate prior usage or an original author or forward into the future to
follow-up on subsequent uses and citations [23].
Compared to industrial inventories, however, a meme stored in PKMS repositories
as an atomic information-structure is not consumed when utilized or transferred. As a
virtual copy, it can be employed infinitely for integration in any type of authoring and
sharing activity independent of time, distance, disciplines, and purposes. These memes
comprise not only technical artefacts (such as texts, code, charts, audio and video mes-
sages), but also classifications as well as the descriptors of people, policies, decisions,
relations, and even less tangible things like goals and concepts [23]. Since anything can
be expressed in a standardized memetic format and combined, linked distinctive memes
of diverse disciplines are able to materialize as a single unified knowledge repository.
If these user-defined content and relationships are shared, an extensive mesh of as-
sociative multidisciplinary trails of alternative pathways emerges [33]. It is this notion
Associative Indexing as Bush termed it - which allows for cumulative synthesis
and the assembly of unique memes to create the PKMS repositories of virtual me-
meplexes and knowledge assets. Two dedicated articles have compared its potential to
the features of conventional books, pdfs, webpages, and citation systems as well as with
out the design space of an imaginary
library containing all possible books [22,23].
In a cloud-based network supporting the collaboration of autonomous PKM devices
36]
integrity of normalized Relational DBMS) has to be maintained by ensuring that only
a partially populated ar-
chive of the 3]). In terms of figure 1 it means, that meme
types 1, 2, 3 and 4 are based on a single entity/record; if a meme is voluntarily shared
and uploaded by a member of the PKMS community and an identical meme already
exists in the knowledge base (KB), not the meme is added to the KB but only its com-
plimentary relationships are added to the already existing meme.
experiences. Its purpose is to maintain traceable as-authored genealogies of memes and
knowledge assets in support of the cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary PKM concept.
It forms part of
which is to guarantee continued access to the collective knowledge and ideas voluntar-
ily shared among the PKMS user community as well as to overcome the redundancy,
the perishability, and potential fallibility of current online knowledge, services, and
providers [23].
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2 Micro and Macro System Environment
The task of employing as a sound foundation
for effectively addressing - level challenges of the PKMS environ-
ment represents a so- (ill-defined; incomplete, contradictory,
changing requirements; complex interdependencies) where the information needed to
The methodologies applied are rooted in the paradigms of Design Science Research6
(DSR), a claim validated in a dedicated article against parameters of relevance, utility,
rigor, and utility. The article also presents the chain of macro and meta-arguments elab-
orating on the central PKM ideas (incorporating notions of c
worlds, Digital Ecosystems (DE), and a United Nations scenario of knowledge mass
production over time) [
omous PKM capacities, networked in continuous feed-back loops to enable creative
conversations which facilitate the emergence of distributed processes of collective in-
telligence, which in turn feed them [36].
The resulting PKM concept1
top-down, centralized KM developments towards a personal, bottom-up, decentralized
solution. It also overcomes the narrow individualistic confinement of current Personal
Information and/or Knowledge Management System (PIMS & PKMS) approaches
[37,38,39]
revolution that gives more power and autonomy to individuals and self-organized
groups [36].
As the meme-based references indicate, the concept is closely aligned to the notions
of Memetics
40
age in the creation of our world [41]. This metaphor
ing individual capacity and repertoire for innovation, sharing and collaboration are well
advised to utilize the very same space and resources and to form a digital counterpart
19].
By reducing redundancy and entropy and widening access and participation, atten-
tion management can be strengthened, opportunity divides narrowed, and unsustainable
developments defused [1]. This feature affords the tracing of relationships and trails
(links or sequences from one knowledge entity to another) and of versioning (a
knowle .
6 DSR aims at creating innovative IT artefacts (that extend human and social capabilities and
meet desired outcomes) and at following thorough design processes (as evidence of their rel-
evance, utility, rigor, resonance, and publishability). Since 2012, over thirty publications have
been presented and received feedback from a wide range of multi-disciplinary conferences
and journals and have shown that the novel trans-disciplinary approach and scope of antici-
pated outcomes offers appealing opportunities for stakeholders engaged in the context of cu-
ration, education, research, development, business, and entrepreneurship.
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3 Current State of Knowledge and Experience Management
A , KM Systems have focused on
externalizing tacit knowledge, on combining explicit knowledge, or if these ap-
proaches proved futile on mapping to locate and socialize tacit knowledge, and on
42,43].
Arising KMS failures have largely been attributed to an overemphasis of IT. A 2014
study among KM experts worldwide, hence, stresses the growing importance of ena-
bling interactive KM technologies with priorities set as: combining human and techno-
logical factors, effectively using appropriate tools and systems, focusing on practical
relevance and systematic instruction, and bridging of generational divides [44,45].
A differing reason cited for failing KM systems is their pre-dominant premise of
knowledge-as-a-resource which exists prior to practice or is capturable and storable
independent of practice to be transferable between people without variances. The com-
plementary approach suggested focuses on knowledge-as-a-process or the capability of
knowing 46] emphasizing experience representations to support practice by describ-
l knowledge item (e.g., a problem and a solution), the contexts in which
[47].
Accordingly, - as a special form of KM - incorpo-
ethods and technologies that are suitable for collecting experiences from
various sources (documents, data, experts, etc.), recording/packaging, reusing, adapt-
ing, and maintaining experiences - including the respective organizational and social
[47].
The results of a 2016 online survey among managers in German-speaking countries
confirm the status of experience as an important resource for success and productivity
(85%) and for fostering innovation (50%). However, it also revealed that little is done
in terms of systematic support (if it implies additional effort) or by IT (possibly due to
the articulated wide-spread disenchantment with modern KM methods) [48].
Unfortunately, such misguided or implied lack of organizational efforts are failing
the underlying KM/EM pre -rich
information, and connection with appropriate experts easily, when they need it, so that
[49]. But, by not delivering on their
promises, KM investments are also, of course, not getting the necessary acceptance
from the work force and its leaders.
Counter- neither lives up to the new era of
, mobile skills and competencies nor to the emerging trend
[individuals] will put their
50]. Professionals will be increasingly eager to carry - while mov-
ing from one project or responsibility to the next - their particular Personal KMS ver-
sion with them, presenting them with the sovereignty to develop their personal expertise
systematically and sustainably and to voluntarily share it with associates and institu-
tions close to them. Current KM market configurations, however, exhibit a range of
potent barriers [51] which prevent Knowledge Workers as well as Knowledge Societies
from accessing the full potential of digital opportunities [5,52].
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4 Experience Management and PKM System Support
The performance, capability, and further empowerment of knowledge workers depends
on cumulatively synthesizing and reflecting on countless small iterative individual
- competences and skills,
his/her individual intellectual, social, and emotional capitals as well as the structural
Intellectual Capital (IC) assets available to him/her (e.g. PKM System). In turn, the
- - if effectively
combined, consolidated, and proceduralized - any viability and advancement of organ-
izational (knowledge economy) and societal performances (knowledge society) [53].
- - thinking fits well with the Memetics perspective
and affords a transparent point of departure for promoting digital Personal KM and EM.
Since the knowledge-as-a-resource view has been briefly covered in sections 1.1-1.3
and detailed in prior publications [6,1], the focus in the remainder of the paper shifts to
knowledge-as-a- -practice-in-context scenario alluded to.
4.1 Experience & Procedure: The Logic of Use versus The Logic of Functioning
As a brief EM introduction and base for further discussion, Brezillion
differentiation in a Logic of Use (activity and practices which foster growing experi-
ences) and a Logic of Functioning (institutional efforts to organize tasks and establish
procedures) has been visualized in figure 2 [54,55].
Actors confronted with a problem or charged with an assignment are facing a situa-
tion in a specific context (defined as
55]). The contextual elements encountered - depending, for example,
or resources available are considered
as either external knowledge or contextual knowledge with only the latter to be deemed
relevant for a potential solution and, hence, ensuing further analysis (establishing a cur-
rent focus of attention). The relevant elements are organized into a plan of action (pro-
ceduralized context) to carry out related practices in a systematic manner in order to
arrive at a satisfactory solution. Failures might occur due to misjudging situational com-
plexities, dynamic events and interventions, or conflicts among collaborative agents.
A problem or assignment successfully solved might be documented in form of a
procedure (a described sequence of reasoning or secure actions) in order to assist tack-
ling similar tasks and/or other not equally experienced agents. Establishing a procedure
requires identifying the reusable part of the successful practice and solution, a general-
izing (decontextualization) of the approach taken to fit a wider class of tasks, and as
stated in section 3 - des
tion), the contexts in which it has been extracted and applied, and information about its
47].
A similar problem or assignment in the future is now able to trigger the utilization
of the procedure which, however, needs to be adapted or tailored (contextualized) to be
integrated in the appropriate practices (proceduralized context) in order to fit the spe-
cific work context as described in the second paragraph of this section.
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Figure 2: Experience, Context, and Procedures [based on 54,55].
4.2 Assistance for Practicing: The Affordances conferred by the PKM System
Based on the understanding formed in 4.1, several affordances can be identified where
and how the PKM concept and system is supporting EM requirements. To provide a
systemic account, figure 3 presents a complimentary perspective to the - vis-
uals alluded to and repurposes pace Model7 [11] as the basis8 to
depict the relevant PKMS workflows and processes. The example is based on the task
1A (codified document with linear sequence of embedded memes and external refer-
ences covering semi-abstract content): The CfP attracts the attention of a PKMS user
and triggers initial vague ideas for a hypothesis to be researched and/or a paper to be
submitted. Relevant memes from the CfP and initial ideas are captured in the PKMS.
2V (non-codified abstract memeplexes): To guide this endeavor, the user might look
for an appropriate methodology to follow, capture or select (if already available in the
PKMS repository) the methodological steps and link them to the stored 1A-memes.
3P (codified generalized procedures): For adapting and tailoring (contextualizing) the
chosen procedure in line with the CfP and the personal and external circumstances, the
user is afforded PKMS-features of capturing his/her forethoughts and intentions to be
7 - -dimensional matrix
formed by the axes of codification, abstraction, and diffusion. The original model depicts the
scanning, codification, abstraction, diffusion, absorption, and impacting [11].
8 o be substituted by the scale of embeddedness (referring
to memes in single or combined states, or in complex knowledge assets).
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subsequently followed by self-evaluations and reflections, depicted in figure 3 as 0U
(codified, abstract, concrete, semi-embedded memes).
EM Logic of Functioning leads to EM Proceduralized Context
Followed by incremental and iterative tasks 4I to 8F to carry out EM Practices:
o 4I: External facts are identified via desk research or by locating relevant memes
. They are captured
and/or linked to the appropriate task-specific memes.
o 5Q: People are observed or questioned via field research. The transcribed notes are
handled in the same manner as 4I above.
o 6C: Own ideas, insights, and interpretations are formed, captured, or revised ac-
cording to the eight Rs stipulated (figure 1). Apart from authorship, these activities
also incorporate project scheduling and management, including (1) searching, iden-
tifying, finding, contacting, observing, screening, filtering, evaluating and docu-
menting of sources, (2) reassessing memes and relationships already captured in
light of potential new hypotheses, assumptions, and information needs and gaps,
(3) maintaining to-do-lists and progress reports concerning the quantity and quality
of work outstanding with deadlines and responsibilities for completion at any ag-
gregation level of memes or relationships.
o 7R: Paper drafts emerge and evolve, further facilitating a progressing learning
curve leading potentially to the revision of initial plans and intentions, including
the realization that facts, theories, or methods needed are not available or too costly
to obtain and have to be developed by oneself or with expert assistance.
o 8F: Responses from peers or evidence provided can further strengthen the draft
paper or report. In recurring or action-research style projects, co-
-work, expansion of the initial agenda,
investigations of alternatives and next steps, or the continuous monitoring and re-
porting of dynamic processes, causing changes of the overarching goal, theory,
mental model, or concept or the triggering or cancellation of further activities.
0K (codified, abstract, concrete, distinct memes/topics): To support self-reflection, re-
tention as well as the creative conversations taking place in a PKMS user community,
keywords, topics, scripts, roles, and meme types (as used by Rs 2, 4, 6, 8 in figure 1)
provide opportunities to classify and cluster any meme and content9.
9 The memes captured during the project qualify as information since they represent Data, Rel-
evance, and Purpose. However, the two latter categories only apply
mind. This tacit (internalized) know-why has to be made explicit (externalized for better re-
tention later or to be more useful to others) by placing the items into context, formatting,
interpreting, or summarizing them. It means creating links to the PKMS classification systems
(also by adding own keywords) or by adding notes to the contents and references. This process
of integrating the memes into relevant frames of reference (topics and scripts) or documents
(knowledge assets and containers) further advances memeplexes and creates knowledge.
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Figure 3: Experience and Context- -Space
9S (codified document with linear sequence of embedded memes and external refer-
ences covering concrete content): The final paper submitted presents an initial solution
which might have to be revised in response to the peer reviewers recommendations.
EM Solution
9S/OU (structure similar to 1A): Further work suggestions for the road ahead might be
included in the paper or to be captured in the repository for following up in the future.
9S/3P: Additionally, the user might like to amend or newly establish a procedure for
future reference bearing in mind the needs for decontextualization alluded to. The
st
structured activities. They are either supplied by the PKMS vendor, external agents, or
collected by the PKMS user over his/her life time of experience. They cover knowledge
management activities as well as other areas, for example, criteria for accreditations or
performance management appraisals for assessing institutions, programs, and staff.
EM Procedure
to enable self-reflecting monologues of its user over life-long-learning periods of edu-
cational, professional, social and private activity and experience. In these conversations
with self, the knowledge under review is biographically self-determined and presents
itself as a former state of personal extelligence captured in external extensions of
the individual knower's mental storage capacity. Thus, in a personalized setting, the
Utopian idea mentioned by Wilson [56] converts into a workable scenario where indi-
viduals are indeed autonomous in the development of their expertise, and where they
can determine how that expertise will be used or exchanged with people, communities,
or organizations close to them 51].
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4.3 Reflection & Conversations: The Constraints of Redundancy and Linearity
academic reputation tracking is still based on traditional paper-
based citation systems [33,27,57,58] and on the ontology of paper and books as their
containers [59,60] justly criticized for their profound shortcomings. The digital reposi-
tories established
[27]. A silo-mentality has been created based on proprietary digital formats or incom-
patible semantic ontologies [36 -simplistic modelling of
digital documents as monolithic blocks of linear content, with a lack of structural se-
mantics, does not pay attention to some of the superior features that digital media offers
in comparison 21]. As noted by Mintzberg [61], the
continuing fixation on the outdated book-age paradigm still compels us to provide lin-
ear accounts of a nonlinear world.
The novel PKM concept and system offer an alternative. It merges distinctive vol-
untarily shared knowledge objects/assets of diverse disciplines into a single unified dig-
9,1].
Every shared knowledge item becomes available in its unique meme-representation
ready to be utilized for learning, curation, and authorship. While any document or book-
like publication can be displayed in its linear structure based on its wholly stored memes
and relationships, accessing its virtual copy stored in the PKM repository provides ac-
cess to the information-rich, multi-dimensional, and transdisciplinary neighborhood of
its individual memes based on the relationships of its original author10 and the subse-
quent additions of the PKMS community.
Figure 1 has focused on a meme linked to its directly related meme neighborhood
(labelled as a memeplex). By shifting the PKMS focus on any of these related memes,
moves to the particular neighbor and its memeplex representa-
tion. Thus, easy forward and backward traceabil-
ity of content (as briefly alluded to in section 1.3 and covered in more detail in a prior
article [23]). Since any meme captured or its closer or wider neighboring memes are to
be utilized further in the future according to the eight reuse methods (figure 1), the nets
of causative references are constantly connecting and evolving in number, scope, and
quality11, but without the currently experienced mounting redundancy, fragmentation,
inconsistency, untraceability, corruption, and decay of web-based content [1].
10 Citing Bush
33].
11
self-references; personal contact bases and libraries; personal chronological biographies and
family trees; cocktail database; directories of journals, universities, cities, regions, and coun-
tems; standards, criteria, and self- After completing
the test phase of the prototype with its currently 40,000 records, its transformation into a viable
PKMS device application and a cloud-based WHOMER server based on a rapid development
platform and a noSQL-database is estimated to take 12 months.
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5 Conclusions and the Road ahead
-equipped to tackle the
developmental challenge of attention depletion and experience management which is
impairing the personal, institutional, and societal fabrics of our emerging Knowledge
Economies. The novel PKM concept and system offers an alternative. It merges dis-
tinctive voluntarily shared knowledge objects/assets of diverse disciplines into a single
unified digital knowledge repository which also opens up new avenues for education.
On the one hand, the availability of these features provides the means to tackle the
widening opportunity divides by affording individual knowledge workers with contin-
uous life-long support from trainee, student, novice, or mentee towards professional,
expert, mentor, or leader, but might also elicit a profound disruptive market impact12
[62,63]. On the other hand, the novel PKMS approach adds transparency and momen-
tum to the creative digital asset production and value creation and, with it, to the evo-
lution of knowledge at the personal, institutional, and societal level. In a co-evolution-
ary PKMS-OKMS context, it is also bound to strengthen the absorptive capacity, am-
bidexterity, and resulting dynamic capability of organizations considerably, not at the
expense of disinterested employees but as a means to motivate them by serving their
very self-interests [6,43].
With its emphasis on knowledge-as-a-process and experience management, this ar-
ticle not only contributes to informing a diverse portfolio of audiences about the PKM
concept (and the shortfalls of traditional KM), but also to the forthcoming educational
activities. The PKM concept covers a multitude of renowned KM methodologies and
practices; what might have appeared initially as difficult to reconcile or at odds has
been integrated for serving the overarching PKM system architecture. Accordingly, the
over thirty publications have been pitched at envisaged face-to-face and e-learning KM
course modules, are already part of the PKMS knowledge repository and are about to
be aligned to an established Learning Management System [64]. The KM-relevant con-
tent gathered allows for KM education in a transparent and coherent manner, including
the rationale for how and why some of the original methods had to be adjusted, ex-
tended, re-purposed, or merged.
Further publications and posters are also under review or planned addressing a
PKMS Sustainability Vision, demonstrations and tutorials/workshops, and how the
PKMS concept compares to, can make use of and add to semantic web technologies.
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faced with the problem of compromised integrity and unmaintainable redundancy, earlier flat
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