=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1821/W4_paper7
|storemode=property
|title=Building Information Management (BIM): From Planning Towards Work Process Tool?
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1821/W4_paper7.pdf
|volume=Vol-1821
|authors=Ludger Deitmer,Lars Heinemann
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/wm/DeitmerH17
}}
==Building Information Management (BIM): From Planning Towards Work Process Tool?==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1821/W4_paper7.pdf
WM1017 - 9te Konferenz Professionelles Wissensmanagement
5.-7. April 2017 in Karlsruhe, Deutschland
Building Information Management (BIM): From planning towards work process tool?
Ludger Deitmer, Lars Heinemann, University of Bremen,
Institut Technik + Bildung, Germany
deitmer@uni-bremen.de, lheine@uni-bremen.de
Large building project such as the Berlin demonstrate how difficult it can
be to integrate planning and construction processes effectively. Massive time delays, cost
expansion, etc. call for better coordination under the building actors, such as planners and
architects, construction workers as well as foremen and head masons (Poliere).
The need for better integration and higher coordination in order to deliver the envisaged building
requirements should avoid problematic situations in which the various professionals are not well
informed about the building plans. This situation calls for more cooperative and interactive work
practices e.g. at the interface between planning and production. Beside organisational gaps there
are also technical dysfunctions to face. For example, there is no common platform for all B&C
companies. The different planning systems from traditional analogue up to digital are difficult to
integrate. Co-existence of different planning systems can make an integrative and well
coordinated approach for planning and construction difficult. Extra costs as well as damages and
delays could be the result of these gaps.
To overcome planning processes as well as to better integrate planning and other building phases
such as construction, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) was created. The BIM model can
be understood as a planning tool to allow more cooperative working methods. They should help
to better integrate different domains and building occupations in such a way that the whole
building and construction life cycle (from planning, construction, building service, re-
modernisation etc.) is represented by one basic virtual software artefact and is going beyond
computer aided design, such as CAD tools. Thorough information and demonstration of the
building object is centrally stored in a BIM cloud. BIM is a involving the generation and
management of digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of the
building. While such overarching plans are not yet fully realised and take a lot of time and money
to develop them, there exist several pilot projects to give first answers for BIM enabling and
constraining more integrative working methods and tools.
Approaches of Industry 4.0 (BMBF 2014) are further developed since the framework conditions
are not hampered by highly diverse and in terms of digital tools not well integrated companies.
Cooperation on building sites often lacks a well integrated working integration. One reason might
be that not all planning details available during the construction process and beyond are at hand.
There is a digital memory of all information on all building materials and technical systems
missing. This calls for integrated platforms like a BIM Cloud. All data on the building plans is
available for all actors and organisations involved in the building process. Within Industry 4.0 this
is already practiced for quite a while as digital transformation has proceeded towards process
control, including self-steering of all physical processes.
The intention of BIM is that this could improve communication under all building professionals
from planning and construction up to building maintenance. The dimensions height, width and
depth are enhanced by information on costs, colour, weight, material and the producer. The aim
is to deliver more transparency as well as monitoring information of the building process in real
time. In an early stage, an assessment of possible constructive collision could take place or
precautionary health and work safety issues could be studied by the building and construction
actors. By such new working methods, a more cooperative culture under the diverse construction
workers could be introduced also to give feedback about construction mismatches to the planning
departments.
The introduction of BIM (Building Information Modelling) Systems will change process
management. But to what extend will be studied in this presentation. This could mean that the
work on the building site can be better used for giving construction workers a precautionary work
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5.-7. April 2017 in Karlsruhe, Deutschland
instrument. By showing the construction process in advance the building site is not just a site for
executing the building plans but also a learning site where work processes could be coordinated
beforehand. A reflection by the construction teams on potential risk and conflicts would be more
easy.
Another question would be, how BIM on the construction site could be implemented and which
kind of pro-active up-skilling training measure will be needed to overcome barriers and risk
arising from the BIM technology. Are there extra tools that support the BIM use needed? There is
still the danger that BIM is not involving the direct building construction level into this BIM Cycle!
A dangerous scenario would be: BIM is getting officially obligate but it the construction
workers while they are not well prepared. If the topic of BIM is not dealed within the curricula as
well as not during further training it might be difficult to develop technical and social advantages
for this technology.
Methodology, Methods, Research Instruments or Sources Used
BIM is a relatively new technology in an industry typically slow to adopt change. Yet many early
adopters are confident that BIM will grow to play an even more crucial role in building
documentation. As the BIM implementation is rather at its beginning (in the UK its use at present
is much more advanced than in Germany!) but will be much more present in the near future as
public offerings (see Dobrindt announcement, German Federal Ministry of Traffic and Building,
Berlin) on building projects will be handled more and more via such systems, there is clear need
for dealing with the impacts of this technology on the qualifications of construction workers and
engineers.
The article researches different sources:
(1) the extensive literature around BIM implementation on potential and functions of this
technology, purposes as well as design features,
(2) the involvement of the authors in the establishment of an innovation cluster in 2015 and its
accompanying research. This network covers building and construction companies, ICT
software houses and VET Training Centers within building and construction as well as several
research bodies from the Northwest of Germany.
Conclusions, Expected Outcomes or Findings
We will present research on the implications of BIM. The establishment of a BIM R&D cluster in
the North West of Germany (Bauen 4.0, 2015) has led to extensive documents which enroll the
sectoral conditions as well as the future perspectives on the work and technology implications
and pilot projects. The learning and knowledge exchange concepts ot three former and current
BIM Pilot Projects (Norway, Spain and Germany) will be analysed in order to show some effects
of BIM onto work process cooperation and individual learning.
The first example picks up the situation of a German producer that produces tailormade pre-
fabricated timber frame houses on a serial basis. Here a high grade of pre-fabrication and
extensive planning is realised in order to realise a rather short construction time. This company
wants to use BIM information on the construction site. The intention is that they want to have a
better integration of planning and construction processes. The organisational and qualificational
implications for the construction workers and planners are discussed in our presentation. We will
try to show also the technical support ideas for this BIM construction site project (Deitmer et.a..,
2017).
The already finalised SAM BIM project (Bräthen, 2017) in Norway showed that the presence of
BIM portable solutions are bringing clear advantages during construction on the building site. The
presence of a precise digital BIM Model of the future building helps to improve understanding for
the construction workers. The Norwegian experiment showed that the construction worker
knows better what exactly he should build and which plan of the building is to be realised. It is
also helpful that it avoids working without coordination with other workers from other trades.
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WM1017 - 9te Konferenz Professionelles Wissensmanagement
5.-7. April 2017 in Karlsruhe, Deutschland
The Norwegian BIM station experience showed that there are clear advantages for the
construction phase which means a better cooperation between engineers, building coordinators
and workers. The realised building showed the quality as planned and this while planners and
constructors worked more closely and integrative by using BIM technology.
The BIMporTABLE (Llopis 2016) is a mobile digital office for the construction site that is being
developed as part of SCAVE, a Spanish national project by COMSA, a large construction company,
Portable Media Solutions, a provider of digital spaces, and CIMNE, an engineering R&D centre. The
aim is to make BIM information available to skilled workers. This is done by providing a
construction lab space for meetings. The size of BIMporTABLE allows it to be placed exactly where
it is needed most, reducing the time to get information from the work cabin that might be located
far away. The aim is to increase the potential of adoption of BIM as a tool for the construction site.
We will analyse the three BIM pilots in order to show possible use cases of construction workers
to manage the building site in a new innovative way and what kind of implications this has in
respect to working tools as well as for skills and learning of the professional actors.
References
Acatech Study on the impact of BIM for construction work and qualifications, March 2012 Berlin
Building Information Modelling; on Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_information_modeling
Attwell, G., Heinemann, L., Deitmer, L., Kämaäinen, P.. (2013). Developing Personal Lerning
environments to support work practice based learning. IN: eLearning Papers #35, Nov. 2013.
Bauen 4.0: R&D Network for supporting the Building and Construction sector (SMEs) introducing
BIM in combination with methods of Industry 4.0, embeteco, Oldenburg, 2015
BIM and its application in the British Construction industry; derived from
http://www.thenbs.com/bim/what-is-bim.asp (15.1.2016).
BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung): Zukunftsprojekt Industrie 4.0, 2014.
Bråthen, Kjell; SAM BIM;, Bridging the gap by taking BIM to the construction site; http://bim-
forum.no/bridging-the-gap-taking-bim-to-the-construction-site/ (14.3.17).
Building Information Model BIM Protocol, Standard Protocol for use in projects using Building
Information Models, Construction Industry Council, London, www.cic.org.uk, 2013.
Deitmer, L., Attwell, G. (2016) Developing work based Learning Environments in Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in European construction sector (2013). In: Michael Gessler, Ludger
Deitmer, Marg Malloch (Eds.) PROCEEDINGS OF THE ECER VETNET CONFERENCE, ECER 2013,
Istanbul, http://vetnet.mixxt.org/networks/files/folder.21016
Deitmer, Ludger; Heinemann, Lars (2015): Arbeitsplatzbezogenes Lernen mit Hilfe mobiler
Geräte und digitaler Medien. In Zeitschrift für Praxis und Theorie in Betrieb und Schule 69 (151),
pp. 47 49.
Deitmer, L., Heinemann, L., Müller, W. (2017) BIM auf der Baustelle: Erweiterte Nutzung von BIM
Daten im Holzbau, unveröffentlichtes Textdokument, ITB, Bremen.
Eastman, Chuck; Tiecholz, Paul; Sacks, Rafael; Liston, Kathleen (2011). BIM Handbook: A Guide to
Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors (2nd
ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley. pp. 36 37.
Llopis, Andre, The BIM porTable Project, CIMNE 2016.
Meyser, J.; Uhe, E. (2008) Construction, In: Felix Rauner, Rupert Mac Lean (Ed.) Handbook of
Technical and Vocational Education and Training Research; Dordrecht, Springer International pp.
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