=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1830/Paper57
|storemode=property
|title=Securing File on Cloud Computing System using Encryption Software: A Comparative Analysis
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1830/Paper57.pdf
|volume=Vol-1830
|authors=Victor O. Waziri,John K. Alhassan,Ismaila Idris,Raji Abdullahi Egigogo
}}
==Securing File on Cloud Computing System using Encryption Software: A Comparative Analysis==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1830/Paper57.pdf
International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Its Applications
(ICTA 2016)
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
November 28 – 30, 2016
Securing File on Cloud Computing System using Encryption Software: A
Comparative Analysis
Victor O. Waziri, John K. Alhassan, Ismaila Idris, and Raji Abdullahi Egigogo
Cyber Security Department, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
victor.waziri@futminna.edu.ng
Abstract—The need for an efficient, secure, accurate, reliable information is turned over to another organization making it
way of securing user information arises as individuals and unsecured. It is essential to ensure that data is only accessed
organizations increase their dependency on cloud computing. by the authorized user to overcome the high level of
Data encryption is very important nowadays due to increasing insecurity [6]. For businesses, organizations and individuals
in data theft not only on cloud platform but also on user's that are in view of using a cloud services need to know the
computer. For this study, 3 different Open Source encryption privacy policies, understands the security and practices of the
software's (7-zip, B1 Free Archiver and Axcrypt) were tested cloud providers.
for their encryption type, usability, advantages, accessibility The complexity and cost of operating and owning
and others, all of which were found to be using AES 256-bit
computers and networks is significantly reduced when using
Algorithm for encryption due to its reliability. 7 zip is the most
preferred encryption program due to its wide availability, light
cloud computing. For example If an individual or company
weight, faster encryption and better compression ratio. To uses a cloud services, less money is needed and spent on
ensure the security of information, encryption of sensitive data buying software licenses or hardware or even information
not only to be uploaded to the cloud but also on user’s technology infrastructure
computer becomes necessary. One of the major cloud service providers Microsoft is
committed to providing a cloud you can trust. They believe
Keywords-cloud; 7-zip; B1 Free Archiver; Axcrypt there are five critical areas you need to know about when
talking about cloud security [7]:
Security options and capabilities available in the
I. INTRODUCTION cloud
The delivery of computing services across the globe is Maintaining privacy and control of your data
cloud computing [1]. Cloud facilities allow persons and Addressing industry compliance rules
companies to use hardware and software that are handled The need for transparency and visibility into how
by third parties at inaccessible locations [2]. There are your data is stored and protected.
services provided by the cloud such as webmail, online file
storage, online business applications and social networking Several literatures have proposed various method of
sites among others. The cloud computing model permits ensuring the security of data in cloud such as authentication,
access to computer resources and information from accesses controls and cryptography among others which are
everywhere that a network connection is available. It also mostly enforced either by third parties or service providers.
offers a shared pool of resources, including computer The paper proposed a technique of securing files on cloud
processing power, networks data storage space, specialized using encryption program by suggesting the best amongst the
corporate and user applications [3]. three presented based on the comparison made.
A common reoccurring word in cloud computing is the The paper is structured in the following manner. The first
internet. The Internet is a mechanism for information segment is the introduction which contained motivation, aim,
dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and objectives, scope and limitation of the research. The next
interaction between individuals and their computers without segment reviewed several literatures that are related to the
regard for the geographic location [4]. subject matter in details. In Section III, methodology used in
It is a worldwide system of unified networks of computer evaluating and testing the software’s is discussed. The main
that use the(TCP/IP) that is internet protocol suite to join activities involved in evaluating the three (3) selected progra
billions of devices worldwide, consisting of millions of m and a comparative analysis of the selected programs were
academic, private, business, public, and government explored in Section IV. Finally, the paper is completed with
networks of local to global scope, coupled with a wide array the succeeding segment.
of wireless, optical networking technologies and electronic
devices [5]. A. Motivation for the Research
In cloud, privacy and security of personal information is Today, numerous organizations that offer cloud
very important. Often in another country, personal technologies include among others Amazon, Google,
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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Its Applications (ICTA 2016)
Dropbox and Microsoft with new once coming up every now centralized data management and processing servers. As the
and then. Every of these cloud providers come with its own Internet became widely adopted and business computing
kind of services and different security technologies that needs grew, the original simple client-server architecture
strive to convince the customer of it been the best either way. changed into more compound architectures. Thus, the
It will be wiser if the security of information is placed complexity and the management costs of IT have passed
more in the hands of the owner as this go along to install and even the costs of real software development in big
improve the confidence level in cloud security and data organizations are typically lesser than infrastructure
integrity since the only person that can easily access maintenance and costs of the software.
information on the cloud must be the same person that puts The dream of numerous enterprises is the
them or any other party granted access by the owner of the background information technology matters and how to
information. Hence, the motivation for this research came as focus on core business instead. However, the result of the
result of the increasing need to have more effective way for cloud computing acceptance is yet to be pictured, many
securing data on the cloud to keep it away from data theft. companies think that cloud computing may present a feasible
alternative model that may cut costs and complexity whereas
B. Aim and Objectives of the Study escalating operational competence.
The aim of this research is to implement and test
different encryption software platforms and select the one's A. Cloud
that will be best suited to use in securing files on the cloud The Cloud is a computing platform that depends on the
technology. The objectives of the study include to: internet for availability and accessibility [9]. The cloud
Test for different software encryption (Types/ makes it feasible to use information from everywhere at any
parameters). time. In the case of traditional computer setup, the person
Employ the use of some encryption software's and accessing the resources is required to be in the same place
implement a means of ensuring security by allowing with the data storage device [10]. This is especially helpful
access to file using password encryption setup by the for businesses that cannot afford the same amount of
information owner so that the integrity of the hardware and storage space as a bigger company which
outsourced data is not compromised on the cloud. makes the cloud cheap and accessible for all.
Compare the encryption software's and ascertain the
area that is best suited for securing files on the B. Cloud Computing
cloud [10] defined Cloud computing as a subscription-based
service where you can obtain networked storage space and
C. Scope and Limitation computer resources. A clearer way to understand cloud
The research covers implementation of some encryption computing is to relate it to the experience with email. The
software. Cloud computing system is an internet based email client such as Yahoo!, Gmail, Hotmail among others
application, which makes its accessible from every corner of takes care of housing all the hardware and software
the world. The research will provide standard and guidelines necessary to support the user personal email account. The
for the cloud service providers and as well as cloud users. authors classified cloud computing into two which are can be
based on services offered (infrastructure as a service (Iaas),
II. LITERATURE REVIEW platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service
(SaaS)) and location (public, private, and hybrid community
The idea behind a centralized computing began as far cloud).
back as the 1960s, when mainframe time-sharing technology
was the computing services provided across a network. At C. Cloud Security
exactly 1966, a book titled "The Challenge of the Computer
Utility" was put out by a Canadian engineer Douglass The set of control-based policies and technologies are
Parkhill, which traces the idea of computing as a public designed to protect and adhere to regulatory compliance rule
utility with a centralized computing facility to which many in other to enforce overall security in cloud computing, it
remote users connect over networks [8]. usage is associated with infrastructure and data applications
In the 1960s, computing resources were efficiently used [11].
by the mainframe time-sharing method and offered The most challenging obstacle to the acceptance of cloud
acceptable performance to users; As a result of increasingly is the security of data. Data is most valuable asset,
high hardware costs mainframes were hard to provision up- individuals and organizations are really concern to know the
front and scale. Therefore, users didn’t have full power over status of their data. That is whether the data is safe or not.
the performance of mainframe applications as it depended on When data are stored internally, individuals, companies,
how many users used the mainframe at a given moment. and government are rest assured of its security as they handle
Thus, with the preface of personal computers users prefer to the overall control. Even though no warranty that data is
have absolute power over their computing resources, even more confined within when compared with the public cloud.
although these resources are not efficiently used. The public cloud might be even more secured in storing data
Personal computers became affordable and business due to the fact that the providers of these services may
deserted mainframes with the change in the semiconductor implement advance level of security. Various methods of
industry. The challenge of how to share data was then protecting data in the cloud have been implemented but full
introduced. Client-server systems were believed to tackle this protection of data cannot be assured. The following are some
data-sharing challenge through the means of providing of the resent techniques proposed by different authors.
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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Its Applications (ICTA 2016)
A secure and efficient auditing scheme was developed by in the cloud either accidentally or intentionally with the help
[12] which have capabilities such as confidentiality, public of Roll Back Access Control (RBAC).
auditing, maintaining the data integrity and privacy [22], in this paper, the RSA cryptographic method was
preserving among others. The scheme is made up of three combined with Magic Square algorithm when implementing
entities: data owner, TPA and cloud server each with its own data security in cloud computing. The RSA was used to
responsibility. This proposed auditing scheme makes use of evaluate the local and cloud environment which was
SHA-2 for integrity check, RSA signature for digital analysed with different input file size while magic square
signature calculation and AES algorithm for encryption. deals with complexity in encryption and boosts the security
[15] presented a flexible and efficient distributed method in the cloud environment. The result revealed that
with assured dynamic data support, as well as delete, append encryption and decryption of data using RSA consumed time
and block update. This method support public auditing at an average rate both in the local and cloud environment. It
mechanism and preserving privacy of shared data in the was concluded that RSA algorithm is very secure with the
cloud. It involves the hashing technique to achieve the aid of the magic square.
correctness of data across the server in the cloud. The TPA The proposed scheme provides client-side security
can execute many auditing tasks concurrently. measure that can be taken to guarantee the information
Two separate algorithms namely symmetric key stored in the cloud. The proposal uses the cryptographic
cryptographic and message authentication code (MAC) techniques of encryption using Diffie-Hellman algorithms
generation and was introduced by [16] to support effective and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). AES was used to
storage of data in cloud using public integrity auditing encipher the data before uploading to the cloud while Diffie-
technique. The main research objective was to improve the Hellman algorithm was employed to generate the key pair.
integrity of the content of data stored in cloud and to reduce
the bandwidth. The performance of the scheme was assessed III. METHODOLOGY
in aspect of block size, time computationa, cycles per block,
This chapter looked into procedures for testing and
number of rounds, key size. The evaluation shows that the
evaluating the softwares under consideration. These
proposed scheme provides the better results.
procedures follow a systematically structured approach to
[17] proposed cryptographic technique that combines
effectively understand and provide techniques for the
Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA 1) and AES for key
usability and the advantages of the softwares by comparing
generation process and encryption respectively, using a trust
all standards.
computation means for securing the communication amid
two servers. This method of trust computation includes the A. Software
dynamicity of IP address, server rating by users and the
number of connection refused. The following software’s were used to conduct the
[18], to ascertain the correctness of users' data in the research:
cloud, an efficient means with outstanding characteristic of 7zip
data confidentiality and integrity was used. This account B1 Free Archiver
presented a clarification which uses the RSA algorithm and AxCrypt
the means of hash function beside with different coding tools These software were selected based on ranking and
to give an improved security to the information stored in the accessibility offering open source license.
cloud. This model cannot completely decipher the hitch of The 7zip was developed by Igor Pavlov 1999. It is
storage of huge data which will grant data access control an open-source file archiver, an application primarily used to
mechanisms and share data files with integrity and compress files. Also uses its own 7z archive format, but can
confidentiality. read and write several other archive formats. The program
According to [19], offered a means of providing can be used from a command-line interface, graphical user
confidentiality and integrity of the data stored in mobile interface and with window-based shell integration.
cloud. The anticipated method uses the RSA algorithm with The cross-platform version of the command line utility 7zip
other decryption and encryption processes so as to ensure is also available.
that information does not leak on the cloud. In this method, B1 Free Archiver is a free multiplatform compression
encryption is used to provide security to the data while on tool and an open-source software project that produces a
transit cross-platform command-line tool and a Java library for
[20] proposed privacy preserving public auditing using creating and extracting file archives in the B1 archive format.
TPA for security of data files stored on cloud. The proposed AxCrypt is an efficient, simple, free open source, and
method support data partitioning technique for data storage easy to use encryption tool. It is a GNU GPL-licensed
security in cloud service Partitions are again divided into program for windows which integrates properly with the
chunks for send at servers this helps to quick retrieval and windows shell. The tool locked a file for a certain period of
store. To authenticate the user before gaining access to data time and later decrypt itself or if the intended receiver
so that great level of security achieve, the authors used one obtained it. AxCrypt proffers security against brute force
time password (OTP) in authenticating the user over cracking attempts with a lightweight less than 1MB and
network. supports 128-bit AES encryption only.
[21] proposed a technique that makes use of
cryptographic algorithms such as Blowfish, RSA and Digital B. Considered Implementation of the Software
signature, prevent unauthorized users from accessing the data The following are considered in the implementation of
the software.
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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Its Applications (ICTA 2016)
Software Encryption Type/Parameters. TABLE II. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Use of Password protection on files.
Easy Implementation procedures.
Comparing the three Softwares and ascertaining the
most suitable depending on user need.
C. System Hardware Requirements
The following are the system hardware requirements
A computer system (either desktop or laptop)
Processor of any kind e.g. Intel Pentium 4.
1GB RAM and above.
At least 200mb Installation Space
Keyboard.
Mouse.
Internet Access
IV. TEST AND EVALUATION
This section deals with the main activities involved in
evaluating the three (3) selected programs for the study. The
programs were selected due to wide availability, simplicity,
and accessibility. System testing involves any activity aimed
at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program or
system and determining that it meets its required results [13].
It is the installation of the new software after all user
requirements are met which basically includes system
operating system (OS) and system hardware configuration.
For this study, we made use of Microsoft Windows 7
Professional Edition was used as the OS and a computer
system with the following Hardware configurations.
The study revealed that 7 Zip is a lightweight application
with just 1.31 megabytes (MB) of installation file size in a
TABLE I. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS 64-bit version. It is the most compatible with all the three
application used during this research with wide support for
almost all common operating systems (windows, Linux,
FreeBSD, Mac Os, Solaris and Aix among others). It is an
opens source application under the Great New Utility (GNU)
and Lesser General Public License (LGPL); therefore 7-Zip
can be used on any computer, including a computer in a
commercial organization. 7zip support 256bit AES
Encryption Algorithm which is still currently unbreakable
except using brute force attack which is only easy and
possible if password set is not strong enough. i.e using only
small length numbers and alphabets with no capitalization
and other characters as a password. Even after installing the
software the file size is still comparatively smaller than the
others. 7zip support self-extraction this implies that a zip file
can be created using 7zip that can extract itself without
The Table I shows basic information of the system used needing any zip manager or 7-zip been installed preinstalled
during testing and evaluation of the programs. All the on the system. It is the only one amongst them that support
programs performed excellently well with no known this feature. Some computer hardware vendors install 7zip on
compatibility issues with the Operating System. their machine during factory installation showcasing its wide
Table II shows that all software's require little space for acceptance and usability. For software developers and
installation with the highest file size requirement were command line gigs 7 zip support command line interface
140mb. which can be easily integrated into other software for
The table II shows comparative analysis of the 3 selected usability within the software's and also since it is an open
program based on File Size (64 Bit Installer), File Size after source, developers are free to lookup the source code to add,
installation on system, open source, version/release date, modify and make the application better and more suitable for
encryption algorithm, OS compatibility, license, command the purpose they require it to perform. It integrates very well
line interface, self extractor, unlock other encryption, with windows operating system and provides easy access
compression ration window Context Menu Integration and through the windows context menu.
Registration.
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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Its Applications (ICTA 2016)
7zip can be easily downloaded from the website and has
basic windows installation requirement to install. Figure 1
shows a graphical representation of 7zip download website.
Download website: http://www.7-zip.org/download.html
Figure 2. 7zip user Interface after Installation
This is the most important aspect of the Encryption
were password is set to protect the archive from
unauthorized access. Without this option been setup,
Figure 1. 7-zip Download Page the archive is just a normal archive that can be easily
accessed by anyone. Around it, a select box that
shows the kind of Encryption system been used
The software requires a very simple installation process. (AES 256) which till date is one of the strongest
When running the installer, is run, it simply pops up an encryption system known.
installer windows with the default Program file directory This provides option for SFX as earlier discussed in
where the software is going to be installed to, alternatively, number 5.
the default directory if so desired during the installation After everything is setup and looking ok. This option
process. commits the selection and proceeds with the
archiving. The archived file is by default placed in
the same directory as the navigated directory in 1,
A. Encrypting File with 7-zip except if new directory is re-specified by the user.
The graphical representation on Figure 2 is been labeled
with a number to provide the reader with easy reference to
the part of the program been explained. This allows the B. Archiving a File Using the Context Menu
reader pictorial and graphical representation of the program
which foster easy comprehension and retention. Though
bearing in mind the most important part of the research
(encryption), effective use the software from the interface is
performed the following after running the software.
Navigate to the Directory where the file to be
Encrypted resides.
Select the File or Files to be Encrypted
Click on the Add Button (A new Popup window
appears showing you all the possible Encryption
parameter possible on the software).
This represents the encryption parameters that can be
choosing, for the purpose of the default parameters
provided by the system was used.
7z extension is the default file type for 7zip Figure 3. Archiving a file using the context menu
Archive/Encryption, the extension changes when
another Archive format is selected (.zip .tar .gzip and Below are procedures of Creating an Archive
others), every of which has its drawback and (Encryption from the Windows Context Menu). The contexts
advantage. Also, the extension file can be .exe menu provides a fast and easy way of creating Encrypted
telling you option 7 from the graphic is selected Archive.
representing Self-Extracting Archive (SFX). SFX Right-click on the desired file/files, folder/folders or
are archives that can extract themselves without a combination of both to be encrypted.
requiring any preinstalled archive or extraction Select the 7-zip option on the context menu to
software. display other options
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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Its Applications (ICTA 2016)
Click on "Add to Archive" to pop up the Encryption source code to add, modify and make the application better
option as earlier covered. If basic Archive requires and more suitable for the purpose they require it to perform.
without encryption quickly do that by selecting add It integrates very well with windows operating system and
to (Filename).7z" or "(Filename).zip". provides easy access through the windows context menu.
Below represents a graphical presentation of the software.
C. Extracting file from the context menu
D. Encrypting/Archiving File with B1 Free Archiver
Figure 4. Extracting file using the windows context Menu
If 7zip is setup as the default zip managing software then
you can see a file type like the one labeled 1 on the figure 4. Figure 5. Encrypting/Archiving File with B1 Free Archive
7zip Archived file
7-zip SFX file Figure 5 depicts how B1 free Archive is used to create
Right click on the file or files you wish to extract secured encrypted file after running the program.
and scroll down to 7-zip and select Address Bar shows the Address of the current
Select the option most suitable to you. Open working folder, if the need arises, easy navigation to
Archive, Extract Files..., Extract Files Here all pops the desired folder the files to be encrypted reside.
up a new window demanding for password used in Select file/Files intended to archive.
setting up the Encrypted Archive file. This is a preview page used to preview your files,
Insert the Passphrase used in encrypting the file though, limited to only certain file types
Select ok to begin file extraction. Create Button used to create the Encrypted file after
the selection process.
Alternatively, file from 7-zip application menu can also
be selected by selecting the desired file to be extracted and
clicking on the extract button from the menu. For further
guidance and instruction, the help files by selecting help
from the file menu then click on content.
B1 Free Archiver compared with other programs used for
this study and commonly known encryption software, B1
free Archiver is large with an approximate file size of 44.55
MB. It is the second most compatible software with support
for four common most used OS (windows, Linux, Mac Os
and Android). It is also an Opens Source Application under
the GNU LGPL license, which makes it accessibility span
over both private and public usage. It supports 256bit AES
Encryption Algorithm which according to [12] is still
currently unbreakable except using brute force attack which
is only easy and possible if password set is not strong Figure 6. B1 Free Archive Encryption Menu
enough. i.e using only small length numbers and alphabets
with no capitalization and other characters as a password. This is where the location of the Output destination
After installing the software, the file size tripled to an is set and also file name of the Encrypted file. By
approximate 140 MB which is due to offer special features Default it is set to the destination of the selected
like the file preview and beautified GUI offered by the file/files for Encryption and the name of the file if
software. It does not support self-extraction. For software single or the name of the folder if multiple.
developers and command line gigs B1 Free Archiver support This is the option used to select the type of archive
command line interface which can be easily integrated into to be created. by Default .B1 is selected which
other software's for usability within the software's and also cannot be opened by any other known program
since it is an open source developer are free to lookup the
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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Its Applications (ICTA 2016)
except B1 which provides it with another layer of were posted on the image board which was gotten from a
security. hack on the cloud account of the celebrities, if the files were
This option allows you add Encryption to the encrypted while uploading them, the hacker will have just
Archive. been left with useless information since the main aim of
After all, parameters are well inserted you then encryption is to prevent unauthorized access. Also, there is a
proceed by clicking this button to commit changes. fear of administrators of the cloud accessing user
If a password is inserted, a confirmation dialogue information; this can be prevented using an encryption from
pops up to confirm the password and to prevent the user end. AES 256 Encryption till date proves to be one
mistakes. of the best encryption algorithms with no known fact on
crackability except using password guesses which can be
E. Extracting Files with B1 Free Archiver (Context Menu) prevented using stronger passwords.
7-zip is lightweight with little memory requirement and
is compatible with most archive formats. It has a very high
compression ratio with a simple to use user interface. B1 free
Archive is very easy to use and with a very appealing
graphical interface. It is simple flexible and supports
numerous file extensions also with a B1 format that can only
be extracted using the software itself.
When storing or would like to store your files in the
cloud, make sure they are securely encrypted before
uploading them to the cloud. Encrypting your files will
safeguard the privacy of your data, which is especially
important when storing sensitive corporate data or personal
information that should never fall into the wrong hands.
VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Summary
Encrypting files before been sent through any media or
stored by the owner of the document is currently the best
Figure 7. Extracting Files with B1 Free Archive (Context Menu) way of preventing unauthorized access to files. Cloud
Computing offers enormous benefits to user in terms of file
The following are the procedure in extracting file from accessibility from any part of the world but has its limitations
the context menu: mostly in the area of Security. The most challenging obstacle
Right-click on the desired file to be extracted. to the acceptance of cloud is the security of data. Data is
Select Extract Here from the context menu and the most valuable asset, individuals and organizations are really
extracted files to be in the same Directory as the one concern to know the status of their data. That is whether the
are currently working on else are selected. data is safe or not.
Select “Extract to” for other options to populate When data are stored internally, individuals, companies,
describing where and how the downloaded files will and government are rest assured of its security as they handle
be. the overall control. Even though no warranty that data is
more confined within when compared with the public cloud.
A pop-up window appears asking to input the
The public cloud might be even more secured in storing data
password used during the encryption before the
due to the fact that the providers of these services may
extraction will begin.
implement advance level of security. Various methods of
protecting data in the cloud have been implemented but full
B1 Free Archiver supports numerous archive file format
protection of data cannot be assured. Therefore the best way
and can be used for common Archive management alone that
of securing files even on user’s computer is by Encrypting
is (.B1, .zip, .gzip, others).
sensitive information.
7-zip, B1 Free File Archive, and Axcrypt all provide
V. DISCUSSION secure encryption mechanism using AES 256-bit algorithm
Nowadays information theft and ransomware are the to effectively encrypt files. AES 256-bit algorithm currently
leading threat to computer and digital data. It is believed that has no proven record of crackability, which means any file
all cloud provider put in an extra effort to see that encrypted with AES 256-bit is secure and cannot be accessed
information stored with them are adequately secured and free except by using the correct password set during encryption.
from prying eyes. Although, that has not been able to totally 7zip support self-extraction this implies that a zip file can
prevent information theft and privacy intrusions. Some be created using 7zip that can extract itself without needing
information gets into the wrong hands through malware any zip manager or 7-zip been installed preinstalled on the
installed on target computers [14], some through an insecure system. It is the only one amongst them that support this
network and others through security breach on the cloud feature. Some computer hardware vendors install 7zip on
platform. Recently a collection of private pictures of various their machine during factory installation showcasing its wide
celebrities, mostly women and with many containing nudity acceptance and usability
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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Its Applications (ICTA 2016)
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