Structured Data for Natural Capital Accounting and
              Green GDP in the UK by 2020
                            Liv Watson1 and Brad Monterio2
                                1 Workiva Inc, Ames, USA
                           2 Colcomgroup, Inc, New York, USA

                            liv.watson@workiva.com,
                           bmonterio@colcomgroup.com

    Extended abstract. There is growing business interest in accounting for natural cap-
ital at the corporate level. In a 2013 report commissioned by the Natural Capital Coali-
tion (NCC), half of all existing corporate profits would be at risk if the costs associated
with natural capital were to be internalized through market mechanisms, regulation,
and/or taxation. For example, a water shortage would have a catastrophic impact on
over 40% of Fortune 100 companies.

   There is also growing regulatory interest in natural capital accounting, as evidenced
in part by a recent EU Directive (2014/95/EU) effective in 2017 around disclosure of
non-financial natural capital/environmental information. This ambitious legislation re-
quires around 6,000 large companies listed on EU markets, or operating in the banking
and insurance sectors, to disclose relevant environmental and social information in the
management report, with the first reports to be published in 2018.

   Statistical bureaus and environmental agencies, such as the UK Office of National
Statistics (ONS) and the UK Department for Environmental, Food and Rural Affairs)
(Defra), are further challenged to gather country-level data that supports the quantifi-
cation of 'green Gross Domestic Product' (or green GDP) - the green GDP is an index
of economic growth - with the environmental consequences of that growth - factored
into a country's conventional GDP. Green GDP monetizes the loss of biodiversity, and
accounts for costs caused by climate change.

   In September 2015, the United Nations led effort around Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) led many countries to adopt a set of goals to end poverty, protect the
planet, and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new global, sustainable development
agenda. Each SDG has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years.

   Better accounting for the natural environment is a global agenda priority to include
a greater focus on natural capital, produced capital and human capital that underpin the
wealth and welfare of nations. In 2010 at Nagoya, 193 countries agreed to a strategic
target to incorporate the values of biodiversity into national accounting and reporting
systems by 2020. In 2012, the Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development
recognised “the need for broader measures of progress to complement GDP in order to
better inform policy decisions” and requested the UN Statistical Commission to con-
vene “a programme of work in this area building on existing initiatives.”
2 Structured Data for Natural Capital Accounting and Green GDP in the UK by 2020



   In 2011, the UK government committed to working with ONS and Defra to incor-
porate natural capital into the UK Environmental Accounts by 2020. In 2016, Defra
recognized the need for digitally structured natural capital accounting data so that it
could be used and analyzed more easily and reliably in order to meet the 2020 UK
Environmental Accounts goals. As a result, the Institute of Chartered Accountants in
England and Wales (ICAEW) established the ICEW Natural Capital Accounting Struc-
tured Data Task Force (INCA SDTF) to provide recommendations and guidance that
will inform the ONS' decision on whether to implement an XBRL strategy and program
to help it achieve its 2020 vision to incorporate natural capital into UK Environmental
Accounts for statistical analysis and reporting.

   In this session, the INCA SDTF co-chairs will provide background and updates
about its work, and potential research topics will be proposed for further support for
this UK initiative.

       Keywords: Natural Capital Accounting, XBRL, Structured Data