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https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1937/editorial.pdf
Editorial for the 17th European Networked
Knowledge Organization Systems Workshop
(NKOS 2017)
Philipp Mayr1 , Douglas Tudhope2 , Koraljka Golub3 , Christian Wartena4 , and
Ernesto William De Luca5
1
GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Cologne, Germany
philipp.mayr@gesis.org
2
Hypermedia Research Group, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science,
University of South Wales, UK
douglas.tudhope@southwales.ac.uk
3
Department of Library and Information Science, School of Cultural Sciences,
Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Linnaeus University, Sweden
Koraljka.golub@lnu.se
4
Hochschule Hannover, Abt. Information und Kommunikation, Hannover, Germany
5
Georg Eckert Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
1 Introduction
We have proposed a full-day workshop of research projects and development
related to next-generation Networked Knowledge Organization Systems/Services
(NKOS) in digital libraries. This workshop builds on the well-attended NKOS
workshops at previous ECDL, TPDL, JCDL conferences (see NKOS website6
for details).
Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS), in the form of classification sys-
tems, thesauri, lexical databases, ontologies, and taxonomies, play a crucial role
in digital information management and applications generally. Carrying seman-
tics in a well-controlled and documented way, Knowledge Organization Systems
serve a variety of important functions: tools for representation and indexing of
information and documents, knowledge-based support to information searchers,
semantic road maps to domains and disciplines, communication tool by providing
conceptual framework, and conceptual basis for knowledge based systems, e.g.
automated classification systems. New networked KOS (NKOS) services and ap-
plications are emerging, and we have reached a stage where many KOS standards
exist and the integration of linked services is no longer just a future scenario [5].
This editorial describes the workshop outline and overview of presented pa-
pers at the 17th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems Work-
shop (NKOS 2017)7 which was held during the TPDL 2017 Conference in Thes-
saloniki, Greece.
6
http://hypermedia.research.southwales.ac.uk/kos/nkos/
7
https://at-web1.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2017/
2 Mayr et al.
2 Workshop outline
The NKOS workshop at TPDL 2017 was in collaboration with the German
ISKO8 . In the workshop we explored the potential of Knowledge Organization
Systems, such as classification systems, taxonomies, thesauri, ontologies, and
lexical databases in the context of current developments and possibilities. These
tools help to model the underlying semantic structure of a domain for pur-
poses of information retrieval, knowledge discovery, language engineering, and
the semantic web. The workshop provided an opportunity to discuss projects,
research and development activities, evaluation approaches, lessons learned, and
research findings. A further objective was to systematically engage in discussions
in common areas of interest with selected related communities and to investigate
potential co-operation.
The workshop allowed projects to report results, newcomers to interact with
established people in the field and discussion of topical issues, requiring con-
sensus or coordination, including standards efforts, to take place. Thus previous
workshops have seen focused discussion on early drafts of BSI and ISO KOS
standards, the W3C SKOS standard, the interface between traditional Library
Science vocabularies and Semantic Web efforts, KOS linked data, social tagging
and its relation to established vocabularies, KOS metadata and the different
types of KOS. The TPDL venue affords participation by KOS researchers and de-
velopers from different perspectives (reflecting the different conference threads),
such as KOS design and construction, API and service developers, user oriented
issues, management of KOS in registries.
As the workshop at TPDL 2016 [6], the workshop at TPDL 2017 has three
themes as the main focus, together with topical presentations arising from the
workshop call for papers.
1. KOS Alignment. KOS alignment or terminology mapping plays a vital role
in NKOS for many years. This year we want to sort out the needs (use cases)
of KOS alignments in the new environment of Linked Open Data. We plan
to collect methodologies, best practices, guidelines and tools. This includes
manual and automatic alignments.
2. KOS Linked Open Data. Recent years have seen an increasing trend to pub-
lication of KOS as Linked Data vocabularies. We need discussion of practical
initiatives to link between congruent vocabularies and provide effective web
services and APIs so that applications can build upon them.
3. KOS and Document Retrieval. Documents or parts of documents are nowa-
days not only accessible via their metadata but their abstracts and in many
cases the full texts are electronically available. Thus, these documents also
can be found by search engines. Given this possibility of full text search the
role of classification and annotation has to be redefined. Questions like the
following ones arise: can traditional knowledge organization and document
annotation improve full text retrieval? Are classification, categorisation, an-
notation, tagging, and full text retrieval complementary, or how can they be
8
http://isko-de.org/
Editorial NKOS workshop at TPDL 2017 3
made complementary? What should be the focus of annotation, if full text
retrieval is available?
3 Overview of the papers
The workshop featured an introduction and four paper sessions. The NKOS or-
ganizers have accepted 7 regular papers for presentation. All papers are included
in the proceedings to be published with CEUR. In the following we will shortly
summarize each workshop paper.
Stahn, Dahlberg, and De Luca in their paper titled ”Knowledge Organisation
for Digital Libraries” [8] discuss the highly relevant problematics of integrating
knowledge organization systems in the Semantic Web for improving retrieval.
They describe conversion of two major lexical resources, Information Coding
Classification (ICC) and MultiWordNet, into the EuroWordNet RDF/OWL for-
mat. Then, they present and discuss the way to map the two lexical resources.
Finally, they show how a domain-specific Knowledge Organisation System (KOS)
can be enriched with relevant information from the ICC and EuroWordNet, using
Semantic Web standards; with the purpose of improving information retrieval
which they demonstrate on a use case.
Neubert investigates the possibilities to use Wikidata as a hub for the align-
ment of authority files, especially for author names [7]. The ZBW – Leibniz In-
formation Centre for Economics in Germany uses two different personal name
authorities in economics. For a small part of these authority files a mapping
exists. The existing mapping can be stored easily in Wikidata by assigning two
identifiers to the same item. Neubert shows how a number of simple, semi-
automatic operations in combination with various existing mappings and clever
heuristics could be used to extend both, the original mapping and the coverage
of identifiers form each of the authority files for persons in Wikidata. The ZBW
expect that other organizations might benefit from making the mapping freely
available, but also hope that more organizations will contribute to the mainte-
nance and extension of the mapping. Finally, the paper “Wikidata as a linking
hub for knowledge organization systems?” discusses the possibilities to follow a
similar approach for other types of data, like geographic names or concepts. The
conclusion of Neubert is, that this is much more difficult than using the items
of Wikidata to connect personal name authorities for various reasons. However,
there are a lot of potentials and many techniques used for the person authorities
can be used again.
Lüschow and Wartena present an implementation of a kNN algorithm on
automatic classification of medical documents in their paper titled ”Classifying
Medical Literature Using k-Nearest-Neighbours Algorithm” [4]. They use close
to 20,000 catalogue records of the Hanover Medical School Library. From the
records they extracted existing classes from universal classification systems such
as Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and used them to determine one of the
total of 514 relevant classes of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifi-
4 Mayr et al.
cation system. Using the k-nearest-neighbours (kNN) algorithm, they achieved
accuracy level of 55.7%.
Stellato et al. [9] introduce VocBench 3, the third chapter in the history
of the open source collaborative web platform for thesauri development. The
paper describes the evolution of VocBench, from its first stirrings inside FAO
as the Agrovoc Concept WorkBench to the new umbrella provided by the ISA2
programme of the EU. Particular relevance is given to the set of new features and
improvements brought by the new version, by describing the criticalities observed
in the past version, the demand of the users, the objectives and requirements for
the new version and how they contributed to its realization.
In the paper ”Project Coli-conc: Mapping Library Knowledge Organisation
Systems” [1], Balakrishnan and Akter present their KOS mapping project Coli-
conc which develops different tools for storing (e.g. JSKOS) and building up of
terminology mappings (e.g. Cocoda - mapping tool). The tools are also capable
of supporting the automatic generation of mappings and integrating the results
into the Coli-conc infrastructure.
The report ”The Publication of a Knowledge Organization Classification Sys-
tem as a Linked Data Vocabulary” [3] by Lavrenova and Pavlov presents an im-
plementation of the Russian Library Bibliographic Classification as a Networked
Knowledge Organization System. The project goal is to support the content and
indexing; enable information search based on structured knowledge; provide a
semantic road map for the user; offer the tools to ensure the system’s interop-
erability with other resources of the same nature (Linked Data Vocabularies) in
the global network environment.
In the paper ”Aquacold - a crowdsourced query understanding and query
construction tool for the linked data web” [2], Collis and Frommholz introduce
Aquacold (Aggregated Query Understanding And Construction Over Linked
Data), a novel Linked Data query tool. Aquacold provides a simple browsing
interface to guide users in the query formulation phase and allows to store a
natural language representation of the underlying SPARQL query. The process
of interacting with Aquacold includes: selecting a Linked Data source, building
the results grid using filters, labeling the results, generating a template, search-
ing and voting the results. The authors present an overview of the system and
discuss an early prototype.
4 Acknowledgment
We are indebted to the referees who contributed to the review process of this
workshop9 and previous NKOS events10 . We especially would like to thank our
long-term collaborator Ceri Binding (University of South Wales, UK) for his
effort in hosting and updating the workshop website.
9
https://at-web1.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2017/proposal.html
10
http://hypermedia.research.southwales.ac.uk/kos/nkos/
Editorial NKOS workshop at TPDL 2017 5
References
1. Balakrishnan, U., Akter, M.: Project Coli-conc: Mapping Library Knowledge Organ-
isation Systems. In: Proc. of the 17th European Networked Knowledge Organization
Systems Workshop (NKOS 2017). CEUR-WS.org, Thessaloniki, Greece (2017)
2. Collis, N., Frommholz, I.: Aquacold – a crowdsourced query understanding and
query construction tool for the linked data web. In: Proc. of the 17th European Net-
worked Knowledge Organization Systems Workshop (NKOS 2017). CEUR-WS.org,
Thessaloniki, Greece (2017)
3. Lavrenova, O., Pavlov, V.: The Publication of a Knowledge Organization Classifica-
tion System as a Linked Data Vocabulary. In: Proc. of the 17th European Networked
Knowledge Organization Systems Workshop (NKOS 2017). CEUR-WS.org, Thes-
saloniki, Greece (2017)
4. Lüschow, A., Wartena, C.: Classifying Medical Literature Using k-Nearest-
Neighbours Algorithm. In: Proc. of the 17th European Networked Knowledge Or-
ganization Systems Workshop (NKOS 2017). CEUR-WS.org, Thessaloniki, Greece
(2017)
5. Mayr, P., Tudhope, D., Clarke, S.D., Zeng, M.L., Lin, X.: Recent applications of
Knowledge Organization Systems: introduction to a special issue. International
Journal on Digital Libraries 17(1), 1–4 (2016), http://link.springer.com/10.
1007/s00799-015-0167-x
6. Mayr, P., Tudhope, D., Golub, K., Wartena, C., Luca, E.W.D.: Editorial for the
15th european networked knowledge organization systems workshop (NKOS 2016).
In: Proceedings of the 15th European Networked Knowledge Organization Sys-
tems Workshop (NKOS 2016) co-located with the 20th International Conference on
Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries 2016 (TPDL 2016), Hannover, Germany,
September 9, 2016. pp. 1–6 (2016), http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1676/editorial.pdf
7. Neubert, J.: Wikidata as a linking hub for knowledge organization systems? Integrat-
ing an authority mapping into Wikidata and learning lessons for KOS mappings. In:
Proc. of the 17th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems Workshop
(NKOS 2017). CEUR-WS.org, Thessaloniki, Greece (2017)
8. Stahn, L.L., Dahlberg, I., De Luca, E.W.: Knowledge Organisation for Digital Li-
braries. In: Proc. of the 17th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems
Workshop (NKOS 2017). CEUR-WS.org, Thessaloniki, Greece (2017)
9. Stellato, A., Turbati, A., Fiorelli, M., Lorenzetti, T., Costetchi, E., Laaboudi, C.,
Gemert, W.V., Keizer, J.: Towards VocBench 3: Pushing Collaborative Development
of Thesauri and Ontologies Further Beyond. In: Proc. of the 17th European Net-
worked Knowledge Organization Systems Workshop (NKOS 2017). CEUR-WS.org,
Thessaloniki, Greece (2017)