=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-1944/paper2
|storemode=property
|title=Towards Sustainable Requirements Elicitation from a Values Capability Perspective: A Pervasive Health Monitoring Case Study
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1944/paper2.pdf
|volume=Vol-1944
|authors=Juliana Hamka Kamaroddin,Maria Angela Ferrario
}}
==Towards Sustainable Requirements Elicitation from a Values Capability Perspective: A Pervasive Health Monitoring Case Study==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1944/paper2.pdf
Towards Sustainable Requirements Elicitation from a
Values Capability Perspective:
A Pervasive Health Monitoring Case Study
Juliana Hamka Kamaroddin Maria Angela Ferrario
Fakulti Sains Komputer dan Matematik School of Computing and Communications
Universiti Teknologi MARA Lancaster University
Malaysia Lancaster, UK
juliana@fskm.uitm.edu.my m.a.ferrario@lancaster.ac.uk
Abstract—Research shows that there are several dimensions to Human freedom is what people perceive as their ability to
sustainability requirements, including the aspect of social sus- make their own selection and decision towards fulfilling their
tainability, which we argue is under-represented in Requirements needs, which depends on other determinants such as social and
Engineering (RE) literature. In line with Sen’s Capability Ap- economic arrangements (e.g. private or public access to
proach (CA) we contend that it is necessary to depart from a
healthcare) as well as political and civil rights (e.g. the right to
definition of (social) sustainable development that is solely fo-
cused on the fulfilment of needs, and expand it with the notion of vote) [5].
human capability – which is intended as “the freedom to lead lives Sen’s Capability Approach (CA) states that for a society to
that people today and in the future value”. Within this context, we be sustainable one should have the capability to be healthy by
observe that software systems can either expand or restrict hu- his or her own choice e.g. the freedom to access health ‘ena-
man capabilities, and that requirements elicitation as the first blers’ (e.g. doctors, good food, clean water). Hence, building
step in RE, holds the promises for exploring and addressing this on the Bruntland’s report definition of sustainability, Sen de-
tension in systems design. The aim of this paper is twofold: to fines (social) sustainability as “the freedom to lead lives that
look at how the requirements elicitation process of values can (i) people today and in the future value” [5, 6]. Values – whether
support the design of software systems that expand human capa-
financial, material, ethical or spiritual, are deep-seated beliefs
bilities and (ii) identify system designs that restrict such capabili-
ties. We explore this question within a case study on eye-tracking and guiding principles influencing our decision-making pro-
technology for pervasive health monitoring. cesses as groups, individuals, and organizations [7]. In this
Index Terms—values, sustainability requirements, capability paper, we adopt Sen’s notion of social sustainability and relate
approach, requirements elicitation, requirements engineering, it to values in RE and SE work [7, 8]. Requirements elicitation
pervasive health monitoring, digital health. plays a fundamental role in capturing not only user needs, but
their values and aspirations before being developed as soft-
I. INTRODUCTION ware systems requirements.
Requirements Engineering (RE) is considered the most The aim of this paper is to look at how values requirements
crucial stage in a life cycle of sustainable system development. elicitation can (i) assist practitioners in designing software or
It determines the key leverage points for practitioners who systems that enable human capabilities and (ii) identify system
want to develop sustainable software-intensive system [1]. designs that inhibit such capabilities. This investigation is
Venters et al. [1] have identified that current RE and Software done by mapping values derived from the requirements elicita-
Engineering (SE) practices touch on several dimensions of tion process conducted for a pervasive health monitoring pro-
sustainable requirements to include: environmental, economic, ject to the capabilities that the technology may support or hin-
social, and technical [2]. We argue that the aspect of social der.
sustainability (intended as social sustainable development) is II. CASE STUDY
under represented in the current literature, yet is the key for Our case study is a pervasive health monitoring system
the design of sustainable socio-technical systems. that we envision will detect early signs of cognitive health
We suggest to extend the notion of sustainability beyond
its most accepted definition as the “capacity to endure” [3],
which is largely based on the Bruntland report’s definition of
sustainable development as fulfilment of needs [4]. As a result,
the concept of social sustainability emphasizes the needs but Measuring hand-eye Stimulating and testing eye movement
not the freedom to address such needs, hence our suggestion is coordination in physical embedded with watching and control of a
routines (image source: J. Turner) TV
to include Sen’s notion of freedoms as human capabilities. Fig.1. MODEM a pervasive eye tracking for embedded cognitive
assessment
Copyright © 2017 for the individual papers by the papers' authors. Copying permitted for private and academic purposes. This volume is published and copyrighted by its editors.
decline e.g. dementia, among older adults known as MODEM • “It really bugs me … basic • “ We thought it was very im-
monitoring system … do you portant that you didn’t just get
(Monitoring of Dementia using Eye Movements) [9, 10] as trust the systems work? Do you a letter when you got dementia
illustrated in Figure 1. MODEM uses eye tracking technology Honesty trust the people that are that you’d need to get regular
operating the system?” feedback so you don’t fear
and currently is still under development. Its vision is to • “Do you trust, do you believe anything coming”
capture the eye’s movement and the people’s behaviour in the that the outcomes are going to
natural and relaxed mode in a home environment setting, with be what they say?”
the natural ambience and unnoticeable technologies while they
are watching TV and making tea. IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS
We anticipate that when MODEM is realized, people may It can be observed that participants perceived the benefits
become more aware of their cognitive health condition. If of MODEM as a technology that is capable to monitor their
people value independence (as the capability to conduct their cognitive health condition notwithstanding several concerns
live independently, i.e. live on their own in their own homes) about freedom, security, honesty and wealth values. We
and trust the system in identifying early signs of cognitive understand that there are barriers to acceptance, but equally
decline, then they may be likely to perceive MODEM as a there are indications on how these barriers can be addressed.
technology that can support their value (independence). If The design of the technology must critically reflect and
privacy is what they value most, then MODEM may be seen address these barriers as requirements to better understand
as an intrusive technology that restricts their private life and what are the true enablers and inhibitors in socio-technical
they may be more prone to reject the idea of this technology. systems design.
III. METHODOLOGY AND EMERGING FINDINGS V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work described in this paper is funded by EPSRC pro-
We conducted two requirements elicitation workshops and
ject EP/M006255/1 Monitoring Of Dementia using Eye
recruited 12 and 10 healthy older adults aged between 60 to 80
Movements (MODEM).
years old in each workshop. A slide presentation of pervasive
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