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      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Language Engineering Point of View</article-title>
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      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Benoit Combemale</string-name>
          <email>benoit.combemale@irit.fr</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>CNRS/IRIT Laboratory</string-name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Toulouse</string-name>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>France</string-name>
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      <abstract>
        <p>-Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are increasingly used by domain experts to handle various concerns in systems and software development. To support this trend, the ModelDriven Engineering community has developed advanced techniques for designing new DSLs. However, the widespread use of independently developed, and constantly evolving DSLs is hampered by the rigidity imposed to the language users by the DSLs and their tooling, e.g., for manipulating a model through various similar DSLs or successive versions of a given DSL. In this talk1, I discuss a sound yet flexible model type system to support various scenarios of flexible modeling. I review different existing approaches, and highlight how they provide flexibility to language users. Finally, I conclude with a long term initiative for a full-fledged unifying approach for language reuse, aka. a Concern-Oriented Language Development (COLD), and the expected flexibility for language users. Index Terms-Model-Driven Engineering, Modeling Language, Language Reuse, Model Typing, Model Polymorphism.</p>
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      <p>ACKNOWLEDGMENT</p>
      <p>The author thanks Jean-Marc Je´ze´quel for having initiated
the longstanding research on Model Typing, and Thomas
Degueule for the great work during his PhD thesis to apply
model typing to flexible modeling. The entire content of the
presentation is based on joint work all together.</p>
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