=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2045/Bilisim_paper_31
|storemode=property
|title= E-Devlet Hizmetlerine Gecis Icin Gereksinim Belirtimleri: Irak Egitim Bakanligi, Mesleki Egitim Genel Mudurlugu bunyesindeki Meslek Okullari Uzerine bir Vaka Calismasi (Requirements Specification for Service Transition to E-Government Services: Case study in Vocational Schools of General Directorate of Vocational Education/ Ministry of Education in Iraq)
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2045/31_Bilisim_2017_paper_21.pdf
|volume=Vol-2045
|authors=Marwah Talib,Atila Bostan,Baris Ozkan
}}
== E-Devlet Hizmetlerine Gecis Icin Gereksinim Belirtimleri: Irak Egitim Bakanligi, Mesleki Egitim Genel Mudurlugu bunyesindeki Meslek Okullari Uzerine bir Vaka Calismasi (Requirements Specification for Service Transition to E-Government Services: Case study in Vocational Schools of General Directorate of Vocational Education/ Ministry of Education in Iraq)==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2045/31_Bilisim_2017_paper_21.pdf
Requirements Specification for Service Transiton to E-
Government Services: Case Study in Vocational Schools
of General Directorate of Vocational Education / Ministry
of Education in Iraq
Marwah Mushtaq Talib Atila Bostan
M.S, Computer Engineering Department, Department of Computer Engineering, Atilim
Atilim University University
Ankara, Turkey Ankara, Turkey
E-mail: marwa.mushtaq@gmail.com Atila.bostan@atilim.edu.tr
Baris Ozkan
Department of Information System Engineering, Atilim University
Ankara, Turkey
baris.ozkan@atilim.edu.tr
ministry, its main objective is to educate and graduate
students in the professional and vocational fields. Despite
Özet- E-devlet terimi vatandaşlarına daha iyi hizmet the benefits of e-government paradigm, still there is no
sağlamak amacıyla devlet birimleri tarafından bilgi clear vision for how to adopt it in the education sector.
teknolojilerinin kullanımı olarak tanımlanabilir. Diğer This work presents which and how e-services should be
devletler gibi Irak devleti de e-devlet hizmetlerinden developed and deployed in Iraqi vocational schools by
faydalanmak istemektedir. Temel amacı profesyonel analyzing the requirements and preferences of the service
meslek alanlarında mezunlar vermek olan mesleki eğitim contributors and consumers. We have identified eight
okulları, Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı en büyük stakeholders in vocational schools and developed eight
organizasyonlardan birisi olan Mesleki Eğitim Genel different questionnaires for each. Data were collected and
Müdürlüğü bünyesinde faaliyet göstermektedir. E-devlet analyzed and the results were reported in this paper.
paradigmasının faydalarına rağmen, bu yaklaşımın eğitim
sektörüne nasıl uyarlanacağı konusunda net bir ön görü
mevcut değildir. Bu çalışma hizmet katılımcıları ve Keywords—E-Government; E-Schools; Vocational
kullanıcılarının ihtiyaç ve tercihlerini analiz ederek Irak Schools
meslek okullarında e-hizmetlerin geliştirilme ve
yaygınlaştırılması konusunda bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Biz
bu çalışmada, meslek okullarındaki hizmetler için sekiz
farklı katılımcı sınıfı belirleyerek, her bir sınıf için farklı INTRODUCTION
anket uygulamları geliştirdik. Toplanan veriler üzerinde Nowadays, Information and communication technologies
yapılan analiz çalışmasının sonuçları bu bildiride (ICT) are playing a major role in our daily lives [1]. Many
sunulmuştur. governments are moving to use ICT to deliver their
services to citizens and business. E – Government concept
Anahtar Kelimeler-- E-Devler; E-Okul; Meslek Okulları is considered as one of ICT applications which is adopted
Abstract— E-government concept can be defined as the by the government [2]. E-government means obtaining
use of information technology by government agencies to government services throughout electronic means in order
deliver services to the citizens in a better way. Iraqi to access to government information and perform
government like other governments tried to benefit from e- government transactions any where any time [3]. It is
government services. Vocational schools are one of the considered as a mean to efficiently and effectively
formations affiliated to the Ministry of Education in Iraq improve the performance and the transparency of the
and specifically to the General Directorate of Vocational government. Iraqi government has taken serious moves to
Education which is one of the largest directorates in this adopt e-government project. These projects has a great
importance in the elimination of administrative routine,
simplification of procedures in government transactions, as institute in education sector, provide financial resources to
well as the elimination of long queues of citizens in promote the e-government project, provide electricity for
government departments and reduce the corruption and the whole country, proper framework should be
extortion. established to apply e-governance project and strength ICT
Education sector is considered one of the largest in the in the education system in Bangladesh.
country; Ministry of Education is one of the vital
Another study examines the factors affecting the adoption
ministries serving a large segment of the Iraqi society.
of e-government education sites by teachers in primary
Ministry of Education has 30 general directorates each one
and secondary schools in Greece [5].The study implied
of them is responsible for delivering certain type of
that the government should take into consideration the
services. General Directorate of Vocational Education is
needs of the user, enhance the services provided and
one of the biggest directorates; its main objective is to
provide adequate training to deal with e-government
educate and train students in craft and professional fields
applications.
like electronic, mechanic, computer, agriculture, water
In China, transforming working style and improving the
purification, maintenance of elevators, nursing and trading.
quality and efficiency of the work, has made universities
Despite the benefits of e-government paradigm, still there
and colleges move to the construct of e-government
is no clear vision for how to adopt it in the education
applications [6].The study implied that the evaluation on
sector in Iraq. This research is intended to present which
educational e-government should focus on the
and how e-services should be developed and deployed in
“performance” not on the “output”. To ensure having high
Iraqi vocational schools by analyzing the requirements and
performance, verification and evaluation methods with
preferences of the service contributors and consumers. The
qualitative index must be applied. The results showed that
contribution of this study is to propose a modular e-
“information infrastructure” has the heaviest weight and
services development design with module prioritization
must be implemented at the first, while “safety” is
and plausible transition path to e-environment for
considered as the least important item.
vocational schools in Iraq. Until recently, all
Mohammed M. and et al. [7] addressed the issue of the
administrative work is conducted on paper, when students
centralization of the higher education in Iraq. Each
want to register, get the exam number, set a transcript
university is isolated from the others and they
request … etc. they have to come to school to do the
communicate with the Ministry of Higher Education only.
paper work , The procedure is not different for teachers as
To avoid this limitation, architecture presented to integrate
well, when they want to request for a specific service they
universities’ databases in one warehouse with E-
have to come to the school and fill related forms.
government information technology in order to increase
This research is intended to represent a plan for smooth the efficiency of information sharing among university
and cost effective transition to e-services in Iraqi departments and with other universities.
vocational schools which is one of the important
components in Iraqi e-government development plan. B. E-Schools
E-School is an important type of e-government
applications. It depends on information and
LITERATURE REVIEW communication technologies (ICT) to deliver services for
A. Studies and Scientific Researches in students and teachers as well as to promote the concept of
Educational Sector e-learning. The goals of e-schools are: to promote
students’ skills in ICT, enhance the abilities of teachers in
Given the growing importance of using e-government, the use of ICT in teaching and improve school’s
there are many attempts to adopt it, especially in the management [8].
education sector. Many studies in this area address the
necessary aspects for the success of this project or Dimitrios z. and et al [9] argued that in order to develop e-
presenting e-government’s frameworks and models. Some school digital information management services, ICT
of these attempts are for higher education, some of which infrastructure must be provided to ensure the high level of
are for primary and secondary education. electronic services and easy access to the Internet. The
A study conducted in Bangladesh to verify how e- electronic system in e-schools offers many facilities that
government is applied in the education sector [4]. Both increase the efficiency of the administrative process.
qualitative and quantitative research approach was Registration of students, management of grades,
conducted in this study. After analyzing the data, they management of absences, and management of human
came up with some recommendations which are: training resources are examples of some administrative services
for ICT should be arranged regularly, rural schools should provided electronically. Students can also benefit from e-
be familiar with using E-governance not only using school facilities through access to updated information,
computers, there should be an IT specialist for each effective communication and access to resources such as
lesson information and lessons assessment.
There are many examples for the adoption of e-schools C. Research Hypotheses
in some countries, for example, e-school in Turkey [10], Eight hypotheses were conducted to extract information
Palestine [11], Qatar [12], Singapore [13] and Kuwait [14]. from the respondents. Each hypothesis is specific for
Although previous study pointed out how to verify e- certain group of stakeholders.
government in education sector, up to our knowledge there
is no study related to vocational schools specify the 1. Vocational Department Employees:
requirements from each stakeholder’s prospective. Our H1: Website is the most preferred technology to
study would represent service transition to e-government communicate with vocational schools.
services in vocational schools. 2. Principal:
H2: How much important is having a website for
school administration
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3. Administrative Assistant:
H3: Employees’ number affects the preference of
A. Target Population, Research Instrument and automating official mail.
Sample Size 4. Technical Assistant:
In order to specify target population, we had to determine H4: Students number influence the preference of
stakeholders in vocational schools and the role of each one automating the list of exercise materials required for
of them. After studying the structure of vocational schools,
practical courses
we came up with eight different stakeholders (Vocational
Department, Principal, Administrative Assistant, 5. Students’ Affair Assistant:
Technical Assistant, Students’ Affair Assistant, Teachers, H5: How much important is the automation of
Students and Students Families). authentication of the certificates
In order to collect data from respondents, eight different 6. Teachers:
questionnaires were conducted and delivered to the H6: How much important is the automation of human
samples of targeted population. Each contains resources services
demographic questions and survey questions; the 7. Students:
distribution of questions is shown in Table1. H7: Gender impacts the preference of automating
students’ registration.
Although we prefer more than (50) samples for each 8. Students’ Families:
stakeholder, Some samples were less than fifty because the H8: Student Families prefer the automation of Exam
period of data collection was on the days of the final Results more than the other services
examinations and therefore not all vocational schools were
available for samples collecting. Sample size is shown in
D. Data Analyses and Statistical Tools
Table 1.
The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version
B. Questionnaire Validation 22 is used to analyze data and represent the results in a
In order to minimize errors, several steps have been taken graphical form.
to assure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, As statistical analyzing tools, Least Square Regression was
we will review them in detail as the following: used to show the strength and the significance of the
relationship between two variables. Besides that, Median
• The questionnaire was presented to three
and Comparative % to set forth frequencies and percentage
experts to ensure the correctness of the English
and Chi- Square to test some hypotheses as intended.
language used in writing the questionnaire
• The questionnaire then translated to Arabic FINDINGS AND RESULTS
version and was subjected to 3 experts to review We have distributed 320 surveys to the participants, 50
Arabic – English versions matching. for vocational department, 30 for the principals, 30 for
• Before collecting data, pilot testing was done to Administrative Assistant, 30 for Technical Assistant, 30
assure content clarity. Questionnaire was tested for Students’ Affair Assistant, 50 for teachers, 100 for
by delivering it for five samples from each group. students and 50 for students’ families. Some of the
According to the results of pilot testing, some responses were excluded because they were invalid. The
necessary alterations were done to the number of valid responses is illustrated in Table2 and
questionnaire to make it more clearly for the Table3.
respondents.
TABLE1: Sample Size and number of demographic and Table3: Demographic information for teachers, students,
survey questions students’ families and vocational department.
Stakeholders Sample Demographic Survey
Size Questions Questions Property Teacher Student Student Vocation
Vocational 50 4 2 Family Dept.
Department
employee
Count
Count
Count
Count
Principal 30 5 5
%
%
%
%
Administrative 30 5 7
Assistant 43 100 85 100 43 100 44 100
Answers
Technical 30 5 3
Assistant 26 55.3 46 54.1 - - 8 18.2
M
Students’ 30 5 5
Gender
Affair F 17 36.2 39 45.9 - - 36 81.8
Assistant
Teachers 50 5 4 1-5 6 14 - - - - 5 11.4
Students 100 3 3
Work Years
6-10 12 27.9 - - - - 9 20.5
Students’ 50 1 3
Families 11- 9 20.9 - - - - 12 27.3
15
>15
W 16 37.2 - - - - 18 40.9
Table2: Demographic information for Principal,
Administrative Assistant, technical Assistant and Students’
1st - - 24 28.2 - - - -
Affair Assistant
Property Principle Admin. Tech. Student
Grade Level
2nd - - 28 32.9 - - - -
Asst. Asst. Asst.
3rd - - 33 38.8 - - - -
Count
Count
Count
Count
%
%
%
%
24 55.8 - - - - - -
5-50
# of Students in Each Semester
Answers 27 100 28 100 26 100 27 100
14 32.6 - - - - - -
51-100
M 19 70.4 21 75 18 69.2 20 74.1
Gender
F 8 29.6 7 25 8 30.8 7 25.9 4 9.3 - - - - - -
101-150
1-5 2 7.4 5 17.9 1 3.8 7 25.9
1 2.3 - - - - - -
Work Years
>150
6-10 6 22.2 9 32.1 8 30.8 6 22.2
11- 8 29.6 14 50 9 34.6 7 25.9 1 - - - - 33 76.7 - -
15
# of Student in Family
>15 11 40.7 0 0 8 30.8 0 0
W
2 - - - - 8 18.6 - -
3 - - - - 2 4.7 - -
Demographic information are shown in Table2 and insignificant. Therefore, the hypothesis is rejected. The
Table3, were Table2 related to Principal, Administrative results conducted in this study do not present enough
Assistant, technical Assistant and Students’ Affair evidences for the significance of the relation between
Assistant, while Table3 related to teachers, students, employees’ number and the preference to automate
students’ families and vocational department. official mail.
After analyzing the hypotheses we came up with the
following results:
Table6: Least Square Regression test results for
hypothesis H3
H1: According to Table4, significance values for the
whole technologies are less than 0.05 including for the
Depend In depend Std.
web site technology and this means website is the most R Sig.
preferred technology for communication. Therefore, the Variable Variable Error
hypothesis is accepted.
Official Employees’ 0.633 0.156 0.428
Table4: Chi-square test results for Hypothesis H1 mail number
WhatsApp
Phone call
Facebook
Website
H4: As clear in table 7, the level of significance is greater
Twitter
Email
SMS
than 0.05 and means the relation is insignificant, thus the
hypothesis is rejected. It cannot be indicated students’
number has an influence on the preference of automating
the list of exercise materials required for practical
Chi 8.551 30.694 27.429 40.240 71.653 55.280 62.837 courses.
df 3 4 6 7 7 6 7
Sig 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Table7: Least Square Regression test results for
hypothesis H4
H2: Table5 indicates that the significance value for Depend In depend Std.
R Sig.
importance of the web site for the school administration is Variable Variable Error
less than 0.05; this means the relation of the answers is
statistically significant. As a result, the hypothesis is exercise students’ 0.576 0.217 0.288
accepted. It could be concluded that the presence of a materials number
website is important for respondents as the answers have
shown
H5: As shown in Table 8, the significance value is greater
Table5: Chi-square test results for Hypothesis H2
than 0.05, which means the relation of the answers is
statistically insignificant. Therefore, we cannot conclude it
Hypothesis H2 is important to automate the authentication of certificates.
Chi-Square 26.364
df 4 Table8: Chi-square table for Hypothesis H5
Sig. 0.000
Hypothesis H5
Chi-Square 2.444
df 4
H3: As table 6 clarifies, the level of significance is Sig. 0.655
greater than 0.05, which means the relation is
H6: For this hypothesis, significance value is less than Table11: Chi-square test results for Hypothesis H8
0.05, as Table 9 shows; this indicates the relation of the
answers is statistically significant. Therefore, automating
human resources services is considered important from
information
Leave request
teachers’ prospective
Exam result
attendance
Contact
Table9: Chi-square test results for Hypothesis H6
Chi-Square 8.047 14.558 8.628 0.605
Hypothesis H6 df 4 4 4 4
Chi-Square 31.535 Sig 0.090 0.006 0.459 0.963
df 4
Sig. 0.000
CONCLUSION
The main concern of this study is to present a plan for
H7: Table 10 clarifies that the level of significance is smooth and cost effective transition to e-services in Iraqi
greater than 0.05 and means the relation is insignificant; vocational schools. We have developed and implemented
thus, hypothesis is rejected. It cannot be concluded gender eight different questionnaires for each stakeholder in
impacts the preference of automating registration process vocational school system. Moreover, hypotheses were
for student’s section. conducted to extract information from the respondents.
After analyzing the hypotheses, the findings reported that
vocational department’s employees prefer website
Table10: Least Square Regression test results for technology to communicate with vocational schools.
hypothesis H7 Similarly, school administration results showed that it is
important to have websites for vocational schools. The
results also showed there is no relation between
Depend In depend Std. employees’ number and automating official mail, the same
R Sig. thing for students’ number and automating the list for
Variable Variable Error
exercise materials and gender with automating students’
Automate registration process. Automating human resources services
Gender 0.819 0.076 0.488 is configured importance according to the participants,
Registration
while automating authentication of certificates is
considered not important. Finally, for students’ families
section, getting exam results in an automated form is the
most preferred service to be automated.
H8: As shown in Table11, significant values for the For future work, more hypotheses can be conducted to
whole technologies are more than 0.05 except for exam extracts more information from the participants to
results, which means the answers for exam result is represent modular design to create e-government services
statistically valid. Thus, the hypothesis is accepted. Exam for vocational schools.
results is the most preferred service to be automated for
students’ families
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(METU).