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				<title level="a" type="main">Verwendung pseudonymer Identitäten zur Unterstützung von Learning Analytics in offenen Lernumgebungen</title>
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							<persName><forename type="first">René</forename><surname>Röpke</surname></persName>
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							<persName><forename type="first">Svenja</forename><surname>Neitzel</surname></persName>
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							<persName><forename type="first">Christoph</forename><surname>Rensing</surname></persName>
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						<title level="a" type="main">Verwendung pseudonymer Identitäten zur Unterstützung von Learning Analytics in offenen Lernumgebungen</title>
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					<term>Pseudonymität</term>
					<term>Anonymität</term>
					<term>xAPI</term>
					<term>Learning Record Store</term>
					<term>Learning Analytics</term>
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<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><head>Using Pseudonymous Identities to Support Learning Analytics in Open Learning Environments</head><p>René Röpke, Svenja Neitzel, Christoph Rensing Abstract: Today, learners no longer use just one learning application but a variety of applications with very different functions. The use of different learning applications has a strong influence on Learning Analytics. It is necessary to collect data from different applications in order to obtain a holistic profile of a learner. This need forms a main motive of the xAPI specification and the establishment of centralized databases for learning data. Major challenges in this context are identity management and the preservation of learner's privacy. The creation of a collective learning data set requires an assignment of the identities of different applications. This contribution describes the concept of a pseudonymity provider as a new infrastructure component. An implementation of the concept and the use of pseudonyms in the learning management system Moodle and in a mobile learning application are presented. The strengths of the concept and its influence on Learning Analytics are demonstrated. </p></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><head n="1">Einleitung</head><note type="other">Das</note></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><head n="3.1">Pseudonymity Provider</head><p>Der Pseudonymity Provider ist ein Service Provider, der als Identitätsanbieter fungiert. Er bietet registrierten Anwendungen den Zugriff auf pseudonyme Nutzeridentitäten. Im ersten Schritt muss jede Anwendung, die Pseudonyme beziehen möchte, beim Pseudonymity Provider registriert werden. Dadurch wird eine gültige und sichere Kommunikation zwischen den Anwendungen und dem Pseudonymity Provider sichergestellt. Der Pseudonymity Provider agiert als (dritte) vertrauenswürdige Partei neben den Anwendungen und dem Nutzer. Authentifizierung ist einer der Schlüsselmechanismen, um die Identität des Nutzer zu schützen. Nur authentifizierte Nutzer haben Zugriff auf ihr Pseudonym. Um die Möglichkeiten der Authentifizierung zu erleichtern, können zusätzlich Authentifizierungsmechanismen externer Dienste eingebunden werden (z. B. Google SignIn, Twitter oder Facebook). Nutzer brauchen dann ein Konto bei dem entsprechenden Dienst, um sich zu authentifizieren. Anwendungen, die bei einem Pseudonymity Provider registriert sind, können mittels Weiterleitung oder REST Schnittstelle Pseudonyme für Nutzer anfordern. Dabei wird vorausgesetzt, dass der Nutzer authentifiziert ist bzw. sich im Laufe der Weiterleitung anmeldet. Erfolgreiche Anfragen werden mit dem anfragten Pseudonym beantwortet. Fehlercodes werden zusätzlich genutzt, um die Antwort verarbeiten zu können.  </p></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><head n="3.2">Pseudonymitätsintegration in offenen Lernumgebungen</head></div>
<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><head n="4.3">Verwendung des Pseudonyms in mobilen Lernanwendungen</head></div><figure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="fig_0"><head></head><label></label><figDesc>Abb. 1: Grundkonzept</figDesc></figure>
<figure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="fig_1"><head></head><label></label><figDesc>Abb. 2: Details zu einer registrierten Anwendung.</figDesc></figure>
<figure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="fig_2"><head></head><label></label><figDesc>Abb. 4: Ausschnitt der Lerntagebuch-Anwendung mit Visualisierungen</figDesc></figure>
			<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="foot" n="1" xml:id="foot_0">RWTH Aachen University, Informatik 9 (Learning Technologies), Ahornstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland roepke@informatik.rwth-aachen.de</note>
			<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="foot" n="2" xml:id="foot_1">TU Darmstadt, Multimedia Communications Lab (KOM), Rundeturmstraße 10, 64283 Darmstadt, Deutschland svenja.neitzel@kom.tu-darmstadt.de</note>
			<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="foot" n="3" xml:id="foot_2">TU Darmstadt, Multimedia Communications Lab (KOM), Rundeturmstraße 10, 64283 Darmstadt, Deutschland christoph.rensing@kom.tu-darmstadt.de</note>
			<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="foot" n="4" xml:id="foot_3">https://github.com/rroepke/pseudoprovider</note>
			<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" place="foot" n="5" xml:id="foot_4">https://github.com/rroepke/moodle-blocks-pseudolearner</note>
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