=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2178/SSN2018_paper_3
|storemode=property
|title=Develop of Mobility Services based on Intelligent Transport System (ITS) Architecture for an Intermediate City using Internet of Things (IoT)
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2178/SSN2018_paper_3.pdf
|volume=Vol-2178
|authors=Ricardo Salazar,Alvaro Pachón
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ssn/SalazarP18
}}
==Develop of Mobility Services based on Intelligent Transport System (ITS) Architecture for an Intermediate City using Internet of Things (IoT)==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2178/SSN2018_paper_3.pdf
Develop of Mobility Services based on Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
Architecture for an Intermediate City using Internet of Things (IoT)
Ricardo Salazar-Cabrera Álvaro Pachón de la Cruz
Telematics Department Dept. of Information and Communications Tech
University of Cauca, Popayán, Colombia University Icesi, Cali, Colombia
ricardosalazarc@unicauca.edu.co alvaro@icesi.edu.co
Abstract Analysis of data shows that death rate (for this cause) is
the highest in the last decade, reaching 14.28 per
Intermediate cities in most developing 100,000 inhabitants in 2015 [Var15].
countries have problems with traffic and vial The average rate of death by traffic accidents in
security. Mayors' offices of these cities Colombian intermediate cities is almost 50% higher
developed technological services in mobility to than in large cities. In four of the main cities: Bogotá,
try to solve these problems, within the Medellín, Cali and Bucaramanga, the average death
framework of the ITS. However, these services rates are 18.65 in men and 4.58 in women. While in
have not developed using an adequate ITS eight intermediate cities: Pasto, Popayán, Ibagué,
architecture, therefore, there are major Cúcuta, Armenia, Pereira, Santa Marta and Neiva, the
drawbacks in the integration of services, due to averages are 26.86 in men and 6.87 in women [Var15].
the technical complexity and high associated In addition to loss of human lives caused by traffic
costs. To improve proper development of accidents, there are other problems related to mobility in
mobility services, we developed a process cities such as traffic congestion. The traffic congestion
based on ITS architecture. To formulate in cities around the world is measured by institutions as
process, we developed a methodology with Tom Tom Traffic Index [Tom17] (which does not
which the entities in charge in the city will be present information of Colombian cities) and Inrix
able to design an ITS architecture suitable for Global Traffic Score Card [Inr18].
their city. We also identify the appropriate Inrix [Inr18] has a ranking that depends on the
steps for the design and development of ITS number of hours that travelers spend on congestion.
services from architecture designed using Bogotá, capital of Colombia, is located in sixth position
enabling technologies such as the Internet of with 75 annual hours. Intermediate Colombian cities
Things (IoT), for which we use a case study included in report have values between 45 and 27 hours.
with a Colombian city. This article presents a Looking for a solution to these problems, the mayor's
summary of proposed process. The main result offices have developed mobility services within the ITS
obtained was a process that serves as a tool for framework. An ITS uses technologies such as
the development of these services. Next work computers, telecommunications, positioning, and
will be evaluate if the process is adequate, automation to improve the safety, management, and
through implementation of the services efficiency of transportation systems [ITU11].
developed and evaluation of results. These mobility developed services, in very few cases
have been developed based on ITS architectures. When
Keywords: Intelligent Transport System, mobility services in a city are developing without an ITS
Internet of Things, mobility services. architecture, it is very possible that its infrastructure
and/or functionality is not properly integrated.
1. Introduction To improve development of mobility services, we
formulated a process to develop mobility services based
Colombia has great problems in the number of traffic on an appropriate ITS architecture. Initially we
accidents and people deceased in this type of accidents, developed a design methodology of ITS architecture for
identifying an incremental trend in last 10 years. intermediate cities in developing countries. Then, we
applied the methodology to design ITS architecture for
Copyright © by the paper’s authors. Copying permitted only for private a particular city (Popayán, Colombian intermediate
and academic purposes. city). Subsequently, we evaluated the appropriate
In: Proceedings of the IV School of Systems and Networks (SSN 2018), enabling technologies to implement ITS architecture
Valdivia, Chile, October 29-31, 2018. Published at http://ceur-ws.org
services, determining that IoT was the most appropriate In the initial task, design methodology of ITS
technology. Next, using an IoT platform design architecture, we did some activities such as: study of the
methodology, we developed a mobility service for most representative reference ITS architectures
"Public transport vehicle tracking". Finally, collecting (American [Nat18], European [Eur18] and Colombian
the steps taken and identifying best practices, we [Con10]), analyze environment of the city through the
determined service development process. PESTLE tool [Bus16] and study of methodologies for
This article presents a summary of process to develop development of a regional ITS architecture.
these mobility services. The following sections present Once the aforementioned methodology was
the related works, methods, results obtained and finally, developed, we applied it (as a second task) to design of
conclusions and future work. This document does not ITS architecture for the city of Popayán, following the
present details on development of the service performed. four stages that were determined in methodology.
Nor does it present information on the implementation For design of mobility services based on ITS
of the service, which is outside of the scope. architecture developed, we proceeded (in the third task)
to identify the most appropriate enabling technologies
2. Related Works for the implementation of ITS. We determined that IoT
was the best option, because, in a large number of ITS
Works over development of mobility services related to services it is required to collect information from
ITS and implemented with IoT were reviewed, focusing devices (located on roads or in vehicles that transit them)
in developments with use of a ITS architecture. and send them to a centralized storage using some type
FOTsis project objective was test the capacity of road of communication (normally Internet), in which IoT
infrastructure to incorporate latest technology of technology is currently ideal. In addition, recent ITS
cooperative system in nine test sites in four countries, implementation projects use it with very good results.
providing a set of seven services focused on traffic Once IoT was selected, we proceeded to validate
safety and improvement of the efficiency [Kur13]. whether IoT architecture that we proposed fit well for
Although in FOTsis project [Kur13] an ITS the ITS architecture, obtaining good results.
architecture is presented focused on seven services that In the four task, we selected two services for develop,
are evaluated in the project, a general ITS architecture is considering limitations of time and resources of
not presented. In addition, the context of this project is research. The services were selected from 35 services
identified for ITS designed architecture for the city,
very different from the context in this paper.
taking into account the next aspects: relationship with
Theme of other proposed project is to develop a
traffic, utility of the service, and complexity.
prototype for ITS, which is useful to track a public
The first service selected “public transport vehicle
service vehicle through GPS, receive payment of tickets, tracking” will allow control of speed of these vehicles,
analyze crowds within said bus and finally, measure the in an attempt to minimize the number of accidents of
environment inside the bus [Boj14]. these vehicles. The second service “traffic measuring"
Another ITS development is presented in an will allow provide users and drivers with valuable
intelligent parking system, based on IoT [Raj17]. information so that they can make efficient travels and
INTEL proposes the construction of an ITS, with the they avoid increasing traffic at a certain crossroad.
use of IoT [Int14], Proposed architecture has three main Once two services were selected, we developed the
layers: sensing, communication and service. first one. To develop service, we searched a designed
In last three presented works some ITS proposals methodology for the development of services in IoT
based on enabling technology are presented, however, platforms. We determined that proposal presented by
none of them is based on an ITS architecture. In Bahga and Madisseti [Bah14] was a good option.
addition, proposals (except [Int14]) are focused on Finally, in the last task (task 5), we did the service
solving a specific mobility problem, these do not present development process, collecting the steps taken and
a proposal that can be applied to any mobility domain. identifying best practices.
3. Methods 4. Results
We built a process to develop mobility services in The results of research were: methodology that we
intermediate cities, making the next five tasks. formulated for the design of ITS architecture, ITS
architecture that we designed applying methodology for similar services that are developed, in order to measure
the city, detailed description of ITS mobility services if these effectively improve the mobility of the city.
selected to develop, and the development of one service
using an enabling technology for ITS as it is IoT. References
The first partial result of research was our
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intermediate city. Methodology that we proposed Nacional de Medicina Legal. Comportamiento
considers the following four stages: review of the de muertes y lesiones por accidentes de
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