A comparison of the adaptive behavior from kids to adults to learn Block Programming ?

Abstract

Block programming presents an interactive and very simple way to learn to program, today block programming applications allow you to develop and program the electronic hardware components such as sensors and motors, whose relationship between hardware, software and mobile applications are fundamental in this technological age. In this article we present a study on how much the speed of learning di ers and how much information retention capacity children, adolescents and adults have in the same conditions of learning, environment, tools and teaching system with the topic of creating robots through simulation of electronic circuits. In addition, the manipulation of electronic components such as sensors, motors and bluetooth is presented.

Keywords

• Learning
• Education
• Robotics
• Kids
• Teenagers
• Adults
• Programing languages
• Computer games
• Hardware Simulator
• Elec- tronic components
• Block programming
• Bluetooth
• Sensors
• Motors

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In the context of Peru, the education methodology is not enough to a complete a certain level of knowledge. Our target study subjects are people between the ages of 9 and 45, because is the 57.232% of the total population (information was collected from [ 1 ]).

Kids (6-9 years old) have more easily way to learn and play with new tools [ 9 ], Teens (10-12 years old) and Juniors (13-17 years old) have the same capacity to learn, but they have another distractions that causes a little reduction in the learning curve for new things [ 10 ].

Adults (from 18 years old and on) have a di erent way to learn things about technology, some of them have experience working with computers but others do not use computers in daily life.

We have approximately 100 children, 100 teens, 100 junior and 100 adults, each group is divided into a group of 25 people with the same curriculum, the same materials, the same teachers and the same 16 lessons (each lasts 3 hours a day). ? Universidad Nacional de Ingenier a

Methodology

We started the classes with the empirical methodology based on Metaphors [ 3 ] because or students are novices in programing skills [ 5 ]. That means, we teach using example of di erent simple situations in the real life to explain what can we do to interact and which solutions we provide to solve daily problems.

Once nished this lesson and verify times (See Table 2 for times), we introduced the algorithm, programing language and block programming concept. 2.1

Learning Computer Science concepts

To introduce computer science concepts, we explain what is an algorithm based on common things like how to buy a soda or how to turn on a computer.

To explain block programing, programing language (Javascript) and algorithm concept, we use BlocklyGames [ 7 ], E.g. guide an astronaut to the goal through a labyrinth (See Figure 1(a) and see Table 3 for times). Situations time thinking How to wash their hands 15-20 min How to build a house 10-15 min How to download games 10-15 min How to develop a program 20-25 min

2.2 Improving Programming Skills

To introduce programming skills, we explain programing language with CodeCombat [ 8 ] with python language to solve a Loop problem.

CodeCombat as Blockly games, uses methods to give direction to simulate movement of the character inside the maze level (See Figure 1(b) and Table 5).

Programming code was more easy than blocks. That is because they use mind map technique [ 2 ]. With that knowledge students can apply in other situations or problems.

Learn computer science and how to programming with blocks (a) Blockly Games (b) Code Combat

Implementing a robot with electronic components To introduce how to manipulate electronic components and how to program it, we use TinkerCad [ 6 ] to simulate connections of sensors like buzzer, proximity or other components like bluetooth, leds and resistance with an Arduino board. TinkerCad also allow to program it with blocks (See Figure 2(a)) and the last part is the implement of Kyo Robot (See Figure 2(b)).

(a) Blocks Code (b) Kyo Design

Fig. 2: Programing kyo with TinkerCad.

Conclusions

This work introduces the di erent adaptive behavior with di erent methodologies in the learning speed of kids, tweens, teens and adults. We note that tweens and teens have more ability to understand new concepts using games as metaphors.

We note that Adults have a strong learning speed to understand new concepts based on past experience. From kids to juniors, they present a fast learning speed, but they forget concepts in a little period of time.

References

1. INEI, Population index , Lima, Peru, https://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indicetematico/population/, Last accessed 2 Feb 2018 .

2. Shahla Gul , Muhammad Asif, Waqar Ahmad and Uzair Ahmad: Teaching Programming: A Mind Map based Methodology to Improve Learning Outcomes . In: International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies ( 2017 ).

3. D. Prez-Marn , R. Hijn-Neira , M. Martn-Lope : A Methodology Proposal based on Metaphors to teach Programming to children , In: IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje ( 2018 ).

4. D. Ginat : On novice loop boundaries and range conceptions , In: Computer Science Education ( 2004 ).

5. A. Robins , J. Rountree , and N. Rountre: Learning and teaching programming: A review and discussion , In: Computer Science Education ( 2003 ).

6. Tinkercad, https://www.tinkercad.com. Last accessed 28 Jan 2018 .

7. Bockly Games , https://blockly-games.appspot.com/. Last accessed 18 Jan 2018 .

8. CodeCombat, https://codecombat.com/play. Last accessed 2 Jan 2018 .

9. Sajana Sigde , Technology and Learning Capacity of Children: A Positive Impact of Technology in Early Childhood , Johnson & Wales University - Providence.

10. Amanda Lenhart , Paul Hitlin and Mary Madden, Teens and Technology, PEW INTERNET & AMERICAN LIFE PROJECT .