Solid Physical Objects: Parthood, Damage
               and Beyond
                                      Yi RU
        Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada

The objective of this research project is a comprehensive representation of solid physical
objects, including their parthood relations and a way of reasoning about how such objects
can be damaged. Our research questions and ontological commitments are raised from
motivating scenarios in manufacturing and ecommerce domains. We use a bottom-up ap-
proach to construct a system of foundational ontology modules and employee top-down
verification to validate the correctness and completeness of the semantics. Currently, fol-
lowing the mereological pluralism approach, we completed a system of multiple part-
hood relations that are grounded by foundational ontology modules, which we coordi-
nated into the Ontology of Solid Physical Objects (SoPhOs). SoPhOs is a general suite of
upper ontology modules we proposed and axiomatized in First Order Logic. In addition,
the units of measure of physical objects are discussed in FOUnt, and the representation
to damage of solid physical objects is enabled through the comparison of abnormalities
with intended properties.