These proceedings include the papers presented at JOWO 2018, the Joint Ontology Workshops, together with papers from satellite events of the 10th International Conference on Formal Ontology and Information Systems (FOIS 2018) in Cape Town, with which it was collocated. JOWO 2018 was the fourth edition of the `Joint Ontology Workshops', which comprised a confederation of ve ontology workshops and an early career symposium. Previous editions of the JOWO series have been:
The rst JOWO edition was `Episode 1: The Argentine Winter of Ontology', held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in co-location with the 24th International Joint Conference on Arti cial Intelligence (IJCAI 2015). The proceedings of JOWO 2015 appeared as volume 1517 of CEUR.1 The second JOWO edition was `Episode 2: The French Summer of Ontology', held in Annecy, France, in co-location with the 9th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2016). The proceedings of JOWO 2016 appeared as volume 1660 of CEUR.2.
The third JOWO edition was `Episode 3: The Tyrolean Autumn', hosted by the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano in Bolzano, Italy, from September 21{23, 2017. The proceedings of JOWO 2017 appeared as volume 2050 of CEUR.3. JOWO's mission is to provide a platform for the diverse communities interested in building, reasoning with, and applying formalised ontologies in the wide spectrum of Information Systems, Arti cial Intelligence, Philosophy, Linguistics and Cognitive Science, both in theory and applications.
The 2018 edition of JOWO served as a platform for satellite events for FOIS 2018. It collocated workshops that cover a broad spectrum of contemporary applied ontology research, including its methodological foundations and quality evaluation (BOG), the application of ontologies in particular domains, such as economics (Ontology of Economics) or conceptual modeling (Onto.Com), the role of ontology in related research areas like cognition (CAOS-CEX), and the epistemological stance in formal ontology (EPINON II). A total of twenty- ve papers were submitted to the workshops of which fteen were accepted.
These proceedings document ve JOWO 2018 workshops, the FOIS Early Career Symposium, and two FOIS tutorials, which will be described in more detail on the following pages: 1See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1517/. 2See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1660/ 3See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2050/.
CAOS-CEX International Workshop on Cognition and Ontologies & Comprehensibility and Explanation in AI and ML5 EPINON II 2nd International Workshop on Epistemology in Ontologies6 Onto.Com 6th Int. Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual Modelling7 Ontology of Economics International Workshop on Ontology of Economics8
Conceptual Ontology Engineering Tutorial on Conceptual Ontology Engineering10
ring Expressions in Ontologies and Query Answering11
We would like to thank all authors and speakers for their contributions, and the programme committee members and additional reviewers for their timely reviewing. Moreover, we would like to thank the local FOIS organiser, Maria C. Keets, and her team, for taking care of running the event smoothly in Cape Town, and the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA)12, for providing generous nancial support and facilities.
Ludger Jansen Daniele P. Radicioni Ruhr University Bochum, Germany University of Torino, Italy
Dagmar Gromann
TU Dresden, Germany 4See http://bog.inf.unibz.it/. 5See http://caos.inf.unibz.it/. 6See http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/workshops/epinon2018/home.html. 7See http://www.mis.ugent.be/ontocom2018/. 8See https://oe.inf.unibz.it/. 9See http://fois2018.cs.uct.ac.za/?page id=236. 10See http://www.iaoa.org/jowo2018/?page id=108. 11See http://www.iaoa.org/jowo2018/?page id=83. 12See http://iaoa.org.
BOG 2018
Giancarlo Guizzardi Oliver Kutz Rafael Pen~aloza Nicolas Troquard Claudia d'Amato Mathieu d'Aquin Jo~ao Paulo Almeida Werner Ceusters Oscar Corcho Ricardo A. Falbo Aldo Gangemi Andreas Herzig Adila A. Krisnadhi Frank Loebe Fabian Neuhaus Bijan Parsia Mar a Poveda-Villalon Catherine Roussey Ulrike Sattler Claudia Schon Stefan Schulz Amanda Vizedom
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
University of Bari, Italy Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil SUNY at Bu alo, USA Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil University of Bologna & CNR-ISTC, Italy IRIT-CNRS, Italy Wright State University & Universitas Indonesia, USA & Indonesia University of Leipzig, Austria University of Magdeburg, Germany The University of Manchester, UK Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain Irstea, France The University of Manchester, UK University Koblenz-Landau, Germany Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Graz General Hospital and University Clinics, Austria
Credit Suisse, USA As ontologies are adopted by new practitioners and as they grow in size, bad ontologies become an increasingly common reality. Bad ontologies may be inconsistent, have unwanted consequences, be ridden with anti-patterns. In general, bad ontologies present design mistakes that make their use and maintenance problematic or impossible.
Programming engineers have had access for some time to debuggers to help identify unwanted results and linters to identify stylistic errors and suspicious constructs. Ontology practitioners also need similar tools to aid them correcting bad ontologies. Researchers in ontology engineering have actively been working on engineering methods to assist in the repair of erroneous ontologies: diagnostic, explanation, anti-pattern detection, etc. The workshop welcomed original contributions about all topics related to bad ontologies, including the cataloguing of ontology symptoms, symptoms detection, ontology quality measures, diagnostic methods to explain the symptoms, principled methods for building bad ontologies, or benchmarks of bad ontologies for evaluating repairing methods. The workshop accepted two submissions. In The Role of Foundational Ontologies for Preventing Bad Ontology Design, Stefan Schulz reports on a method to use upper-level domain ontologies and Description Logic classi ers for the detection of modelling mistakes. Several prototypical and generalisable modelling mistakes are used to demonstrate the method. In Applying evaluation criteria to ontology modules, Zubeida Casmod Khan presents a set of evaluation criteria for ontology modules. They are all structured into categories and illustrated through a series of examples. The evaluation criteria are then used to experimentally evaluate the modules automatically generated by a modularisation tool.
CAOS-CEX 2018
Maria M. Hedblom Tarek R. Besold Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy City University London, UK Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Derek Doran Scott Friedman Dagmar Gromann Jamie Macbeth Fabian Neuhaus Alessandro Oltramari Sarah Schulz Gem Stapleton Serge Thill Carlos Zednik
Wright State University, USA SIFT, USA TU Dresden, Germany Fair eld University, USA Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany Bosch Research and Technology Center in Pittsburgh, USA University of Stuttgart, Germany University of Brighton, UK University of Skovde, Sweden
Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany CAOS is a workshop devoted to bringing together research ndings from areas in cognitive science with research on formal ontology. The workshop addresses the di cult question of how key cognitive phenomena and concepts (and the involved terminology) can be found across languages, psychology and reasoning and how this can be formally and ontologically understood, analysed and represented. The workshop devotes itself to investigations to model, simulate and represent a range of cognitive abilities, with the further aim to contribute with these ndings to cognitive arti cial intelligence. This includes formal modeling of cognitive building blocks such as a ordances and image schemas, the relationship between thought, language and representation, the formal simulation of cognitive abilities such as language acquisition and concept invention as well as formal modeling of socio-cognitive behaviors. This year, CAOS runs its third edition and is joined by the workshop "Comprehensibility and Explanation in AI and ML" (CEX) which focuses on largely overlapping topics but from a more applied direction. The workshop gathered three papers of relevant topics for the research eld: In \Ontology Of Social Service Needs: Perspective of a Cognitive Agent" Bart Gajderowicz, Mark Fox and Michael Gruninger introduce the rst ontology of social services from a client's perspective; In \Modelling A ordances with Dispositions" Fumiaki Toyoshima investigates the formal realisation of a ordances by comparing them to the state of the art in ontology representation, and Antony Galton contributes to the mereological debate of part-whole relationships in \Yet Another Taxonomy of PartWhole Relations". We particularly thank our invited keynote speaker Alessandro Oltramari for his contribution to the success of the workshop.
EPINON II 2018
Daniele Porello Claudio Masolo Simon Scheider Massimiliano Carrara Roberta Ferrario Maria Hedblom Heinrich Herre Gilles Kassel Adila Alfa Krisnadhi Nicolas Troquard Achille Varzi Laure Vieu
Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Italy Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR), Trento, Italy Utrecht University, Netherlands
University of Padua, Italy Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR), Italy Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany University of Leipzig, Germany Universite de Picardie - Jules Vernes, France Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Italy Columbia University, USA Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT-CNRS),
France Formal ontologies and knowledge representation mainly focus on characterising how a given domain is structured, i.e., they identify a set of concepts, entities, and relations together with the constraints that hold for this domain. The structure of the characterisation is usually intended to re ect the point of view of signi cant experts or a realist view of how things about a particular domain are in reality. The aim of this workshop is to explore an epistemological stance in formal ontology and knowledge representation and focus on the assessment of the modelling provided by the ontology designer. In particular, we are interested in fostering two intertwined research directions. Firstly, we are interested in promoting discussions about the epistemological foundations of formal ontologies and of knowledge representation. A number of timely important problems are related to this point, for instance: the investigations of cognitively adequate ontological representations, the investigations on the provenance of data, the problem of the reliability of the source of information (both human and arti cial, e.g. sensors), the problem of the epistemic reliability of the classi cation provided by ontology users, the problem of nding epistemically and cognitively well-founded rationales for the integration of ontological representations with other representational formats (e.g. deep neural networks, vector space models etc.). Secondly, we are interested in formal and ontological approaches to the de nitions of the concepts that are relevant to the assessment of the perspective of the ontology designer. Problems related to this direction include: ontology of general epistemological concepts (e.g. proof, argument, explanation, epistemic reliability, trust), ontology of cognitive concepts (perception, reasoning, sensations), ontology of data and measurements. We aim to address to an interdisciplinary audience, by inviting scholars in philosophy, computer science, logic, conceptual modelling, knowledge representation, and cognitive science to contribute to the discussion.
Onto.Com 2018
Frederik Gailly Giancarlo Guizzardi Mark Lycett Chris Partridge Oscar Pastor Sergio de Cesare Frederik Gailly Giancarlo Guizzardi Mark Lycett Chris Partridge Oscar Pastor Sergio de Cesare
Ghent University, Belgium Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil Royal Holloway, University of London, UK BORO Solutions Ltd., UK Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain, Spain University of Westminster, UK
Ghent University, Belgium Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil Royal Holloway, University of London, UK BORO Solutions Ltd., UK Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain, Spain
University of Westminster, UK The role of formal ontology in Conceptual Modeling (CM) is increasingly being recognized as fundamental by both the research and practitioner communities. Formal ontology, whose theoretical underpinnings are grounded in disciplines such as Philosophy, Cognitive Sciences and Linguistics, has led to the development of theoretical foundations for conceptual modeling. In particular, a number of ontological theories such as BORO, BWW, DOLCE, GFO and UFO have been successfully applied to the evaluation of conceptual modeling languages, frameworks and standards (e.g., UML, ORM, ER, REA, TROPOS, ARIS, BPMN, RM-ODP, Archimate, OWL and ISO 15926), and to the development of information systems engineering tools (e.g., methodological guidelines, modeling pro les, design patterns) that contribute to the theory and practice of conceptual modeling. The objective of the OntoCom Workshop is to provide an international forum for exchanging ideas on the latest developments in the emerging area of OntologyDriven Conceptual Modeling and to address speci c questions of relevance to the body of knowledge of this emerging discipline.
The workshop received 7 submissions, from which the Program Chairs selected 6 high quality papers. The 18th of September 2018 the 6 papers will be presented in two separate sessions. The rst session will focus on the metaphysical characteristics of some well-known foundational ontologies. The second session will focus on the application of ontology-driven conceptual modeling. We would like to express our gratitude to the authors for considering OntoCom as a forum to publish their research and the FOIS 2018 organizers for all their support. Ontology of Economics 2018
Daniele Porello Nicola Guarino Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy ISTC-CNR, Italy Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Understanding the ontological nature of economic concepts and institutions is crucial for providing principled modelling in many important domains such as enterprise modelling, business processes, and social ontology. A signi cant number of fundamental concepts that are ubiquitous in economics have only recently been approached from an ontological perspective.
For instance: value, risk, preference, utility, capability, good, service, exchange, transaction, competition. We o er a venue to gather the recent contributions to this important topic. We propose contributions from di erent areas such as (philosophy of) economics, decision theory, social choice theory, business, nance, accounting, economic sociology, and enterprise modelling, to promote the discussion on the ontological foundation of fundamental concepts in economics. We aim to foster the discussion on both theoretical and methodological issues in the use of ontologies for modelling economic concepts and institutions, as well as the approaches presenting concrete use of ontologies in application to economic domains.
FOIS 2018 Early Career Symposium
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy French National Center for Scienti c Research (CNRS), France
Council for Scienti c and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa For any conference, the Early Career Symposium (ECS) represents the investment done by the current generation of researchers into the future generations of the eld. Arguably, while established researchers contribute to strengthen the fundamentals of the research eld, it is often the young generation that provides innovation and groundbreaking ideas. In order to foster the state of art in ontology research, the ECS at FOIS welcomes early stage researchers working on innovative and novel research topics for presentation at the conference. The symposium encourages mentorship among established and emerging researchers towards constructive discussions surrounding novel research. As the future remains unwritten, the ECS accepts a wide variety of research topics focused on ontologies and knowledge representation. In particular, because of its contextualization within FOIS, it welcomes research addressed in an interdisciplinary way with an open-minded aptitude towards philosophical ontology, cognitive science, and linguistics. We wish to thank the PC members for their constructive feedback. Tutorial on Conceptual Ontology Engineering Mike Bennett
Hypercube Limited, UK & EDM Council, UK Conceptual modeling as de ned within the discipline of software development is the exercise of creating computationally independent model artifacts against which to develop and validate logical and physical model design artifacts. The art of conceptual modeling is one that requires a clear understanding of the notion of a concept and an appreciation of the nature of concepts as distinct from words, labels or database element names. One powerful type of conceptual model is the `ontology' where ontology is understood to be a formal speci cation of a conceptualization. The word `ontology' is broadly used to cover a number of such speci cations. The goal of this tutorial is to present a formal framework within Organiser which to understand these distinctions and to introduce techniques by which attendees may be able to develop ontologies that may serve as conceptual models, focusing on the less technical (and often overlooked) aspects of such ontology development, speci cally the ability to appreciate concepts and to model these within the logical formalisms used in ontology development.
Tutorial on Referring Expressions in Ontologies and Query Answering How individuals are identi ed when cooperating agents need to communicate is an inherent issue faced by the designers of information systems. Solutions to this problem range from insisting on global often opaque identi ers, such as URIs, to application speci c ways of externally identifying individuals, such as primary keys in relational systems. The goal of this tutorial is to introduce a exible framework based on referring expressions that uni es approaches that address these issues.