These proceedings include the papers presented at JOWO 2018, the Joint Ontology Workshops, together with papers from satellite events of the 10th International Conference on Formal Ontology and Information Systems (FOIS 2018) in Cape Town, with which it was collocated. JOWO 2018 was the fourth edition of the 'Joint Ontology Workshops', which comprised a confederation of five ontology workshops and an early career symposium. Previous editions of the JOWO series have been:

• The first JOWO edition was 'Episode 1: The Argentine Winter of Ontology', held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in co-location with the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2015). The proceedings of JOWO 2015 appeared as volume 1517 of CEUR.1

• The second JOWO edition was 'Episode 2: The French Summer of Ontology', held in Annecy, France, in co-location with the 9th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2016). The proceedings of JOWO 2016 appeared as volume 1660 of CEUR.2 .

• The third JOWO edition was 'Episode 3: The Tyrolean Autumn', hosted by the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano in Bolzano, Italy, from September 21-23, 2017. The proceedings of JOWO 2017 appeared as volume 2050 of CEUR.3 .

JOWO's mission is to provide a platform for the diverse communities interested in building, reasoning with, and applying formalised ontologies in the wide spectrum of Information Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy, Linguistics and Cognitive Science, both in theory and applications.

The 2018 edition of JOWO served as a platform for satellite events for FOIS 2018. It collocated workshops that cover a broad spectrum of contemporary applied ontology research, including its methodological foundations and quality evaluation (BOG), the application of ontologies in particular domains, such as economics (Ontology of Economics) or conceptual modeling (Onto.Com), the role of ontology in related research areas like cognition (CAOS-CEX), and the epistemological stance in formal ontology (EPINON II). A total of twenty-five papers were submitted to the workshops of which fifteen were accepted.

These proceedings document five JOWO 2018 workshops, the FOIS Early Career Symposium, and two FOIS tutorials, which will be described in more detail on the following pages:

• BOG International Workshop on BadOntoloGy As ontologies are adopted by new practitioners and as they grow in size, bad ontologies become an increasingly common reality. Bad ontologies may be inconsistent, have unwanted consequences, be ridden with anti-patterns. In general, bad ontologies present design mistakes that make their use and maintenance problematic or impossible. Programming engineers have had access for some time to debuggers to help identify unwanted results and linters to identify stylistic errors and suspicious constructs. Ontology practitioners also need similar tools to aid them correcting bad ontologies. Researchers in ontology engineering have actively been working on engineering methods to assist in the repair of erroneous ontologies: diagnostic, explanation, anti-pattern detection, etc. The workshop welcomed original contri-butions about all topics related to bad ontologies, including the cataloguing of ontology symptoms, symptoms detection, ontology quality measures, diagnostic methods to explain the symptoms, principled methods for building bad ontologies, or benchmarks of bad ontologies for evaluating repairing methods. CAOS is a workshop devoted to bringing together research findings from areas in cognitive science with research on formal ontology. The workshop addresses the difficult question of how key cognitive phenomena and concepts (and the involved terminology) can be found across languages, psychology and reasoning and how this can be formally and ontologically understood, analysed and represented. The workshop devotes itself to investigations to model, simulate and represent a range of cognitive abilities, with the further aim to contribute with these findings to cognitive artificial intelligence.

This includes formal modeling of cognitive building blocks such as affordances and image schemas, the relationship between thought, language and representation, the formal simulation of cognitive abilities such as language acquisition and concept invention as well as formal modeling of socio-cognitive behaviors. This year, CAOS runs its third edition and is joined by the workshop "Comprehensibility and Explanation in AI and ML" (CEX) which focuses on largely overlapping topics but from a more applied direction. Formal ontologies and knowledge representation mainly focus on characterising how a given domain is structured, i.e., they identify a set of concepts, entities, and relations together with the constraints that hold for this domain. The structure of the characterisation is usually intended to reflect the point of view of significant experts or a realist view of how things about a particular domain are in reality.

The aim of this workshop is to explore an epistemological stance in formal ontology and knowledge representation and focus on the assessment of the modelling provided by the ontology designer. In particular, we are interested in fostering two intertwined research directions. Firstly, we are interested in promoting discussions about the epistemological foundations of formal ontologies and of knowledge representation. A number of timely important problems are related to this point, for instance: the investigations of cognitively adequate ontological representations, the investigations on the provenance of data, the problem of the reliability of the source of information (both human and artificial, e.g. sensors), the problem of the epistemic reliability of the classification provided by ontology users, the problem of finding epistemically and cognitively well-founded rationales for the integration of ontological representations with other representational formats (e.g. deep neural networks, vector space models etc.). Secondly, we are interested in formal and ontological approaches to the definitions of the concepts that are relevant to the assessment of the perspective of the ontology designer. Problems related to this direction include: ontology of general epistemological concepts (e.g. proof, argument, explanation, epistemic reliability, trust), ontology of cognitive concepts (perception, reasoning, sensations), ontology of data and measurements. We aim to address to an interdisciplinary audience, by inviting scholars in philosophy, computer science, logic, conceptual modelling, knowledge representation, and cognitive science to contribute to the discussion.

Formal ontology, whose theoretical underpinnings are grounded in disciplines such as Philosophy, Cognitive Sciences and Linguistics, has led to the development of theoretical foundations for conceptual modeling. In particular, a number of ontological theories such as BORO, BWW, DOLCE, GFO and UFO have been successfully applied to the evaluation of conceptual modeling languages, frameworks and standards (e.g., UML, ORM, ER, REA, TROPOS, ARIS, BPMN, RM-ODP, Archimate, OWL and ISO 15926), and to the development of information systems engineering tools (e.g., methodological guidelines, modeling profiles, design patterns) that contribute to the theory and practice of conceptual modeling.

The objective of the OntoCom Workshop is to provide an international forum for exchanging ideas on the latest developments in the emerging area of Ontology-Driven Conceptual Modeling and to address specific questions of relevance to the body of knowledge of this emerging discipline.

The workshop received 7 submissions, from which the Program Chairs selected 6 high quality papers. The 18th of September 2018 the 6 papers will be presented in two separate sessions. The first session will focus on the metaphysical characteristics of some well-known foundational ontologies. The second session will focus on the application of ontology-driven conceptual modeling. We would like to express our gratitude to the authors for considering OntoCom as a forum to publish their research and the FOIS 2018 organizers for all their support.

enterprise modelling, business processes, and social ontology. A significant number of fundamental concepts that are ubiquitous in economics have only recently been approached from an ontological perspective.

For instance: value, risk, preference, utility, capability, good, service, exchange, transaction, competition. We offer a venue to gather the recent contributions to this important topic. We propose contributions from different areas such as (philosophy of) economics, decision theory, social choice theory, business, finance, accounting, economic sociology, and enterprise modelling, to promote the discussion on the ontological foundation of fundamental concepts in economics.

We aim to foster the discussion on both theoretical and methodological issues in the use of ontologies for modelling economic concepts and institutions, as well as the approaches presenting concrete use of ontologies in application to economic domains.

Other Conceptual modeling as defined within the discipline of software development is the exercise of creating computationally independent model artifacts against which to develop and validate logical and physical model design artifacts. The art of conceptual modeling is one that requires a clear understanding of the notion of a concept and an appreciation of the nature of concepts as distinct from words, labels or database element names. One powerful type of conceptual model is the 'ontology' where ontology is understood to be a formal specification of a conceptualization. The word 'ontology' is broadly used to cover a number of such specifications. The goal of this tutorial is to present a formal framework within which to understand these distinctions and to introduce techniques by which attendees may be able to develop ontologies that may serve as conceptual models, focusing on the less technical (and often overlooked) aspects of such ontology development, specifically the ability to appreciate concepts and to model these within the logical formalisms used in ontology development. How individuals are identified when cooperating agents need to communicate is an inherent issue faced by the designers of information systems. Solutions to this problem range from insisting on global often opaque identifiers, such as URIs, to application specific ways of externally identifying individuals, such as primary keys in relational systems. The goal of this tutorial is to introduce a flexible framework based on referring expressions that unifies approaches that address these issues.