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https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2205/preface.pdf
JOWO 2018
The Joint Ontology Workshops
Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2018
Episode IV: The South African Spring
co-located with the
Tenth International Conference on
Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2018)
Cape Town, South Africa, September 17–18, 2018
Edited by
Ludger Jansen | Daniele P. Radicioni | Dagmar Gromann
and for
BOG | CAOS-CEX | EPINON II | Onto.Com | Ontology
of Economics | FOIS Early-Career Symposium | Tutorials
http://www.iaoa.org/jowo2018/
JOWO Workshops
Giancarlo Guizzardi, Oliver Kutz, Rafael Peñaloza, Nicolas Troquard (BOG)
Maria M. Hedblom, Tarek R. Besold, Oliver Kutz (CAOS-CEX)
Daniele Porello, Claudio Masolo, Simon Scheider (EPINON II)
Sergio de Cesare, Frederik Gailly, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Mark Lycett, Chris Partridge,
Oscar Pastor (Onto.Com)
Daniele Porello, Nicola Guarino, Giancarlo Guizzardi (Ontology of Economics)
Other FOIS Satellite Events
Maria M. Hedblom, Emilio Sanfilippo, Zubeida Khan (Early-Career Symposium)
Mike Bennett (Conceptual Ontology Engineering Tutorial)
David Toman, Grant Weddell (Referring Expressions in Ontologies and Query
Answering Tutorial)
PREFACE
JOWO – The Joint Ontology Workshops
These proceedings include the papers presented at JOWO 2018, the Joint Ontol-
ogy Workshops, together with papers from satellite events of the 10th Interna-
tional Conference on Formal Ontology and Information Systems (FOIS 2018) in
Cape Town, with which it was collocated. JOWO 2018 was the fourth edition of
the ‘Joint Ontology Workshops’, which comprised a confederation of five ontology
workshops and an early career symposium. Previous editions of the JOWO series
have been:
• The first JOWO edition was ‘Episode 1: The Argentine Winter of Ontology’,
held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in co-location with the 24th International
Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2015). The proceedings of
JOWO 2015 appeared as volume 1517 of CEUR.1
• The second JOWO edition was ‘Episode 2: The French Summer of Ontology’,
held in Annecy, France, in co-location with the 9th International Conference
on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2016). The proceedings of
JOWO 2016 appeared as volume 1660 of CEUR.2 .
• The third JOWO edition was ‘Episode 3: The Tyrolean Autumn’, hosted by
the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano in Bolzano, Italy, from September 21–23,
2017. The proceedings of JOWO 2017 appeared as volume 2050 of CEUR.3 .
JOWO’s mission is to provide a platform for the diverse communities interested
in building, reasoning with, and applying formalised ontologies in the wide spec-
trum of Information Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy, Linguistics and
Cognitive Science, both in theory and applications.
The 2018 edition of JOWO served as a platform for satellite events for FOIS 2018.
It collocated workshops that cover a broad spectrum of contemporary applied on-
tology research, including its methodological foundations and quality evaluation
(BOG), the application of ontologies in particular domains, such as economics
(Ontology of Economics) or conceptual modeling (Onto.Com), the role of ontol-
ogy in related research areas like cognition (CAOS-CEX), and the epistemolog-
ical stance in formal ontology (EPINON II). A total of twenty-five papers were
submitted to the workshops of which fifteen were accepted.
These proceedings document five JOWO 2018 workshops, the FOIS Early Career
Symposium, and two FOIS tutorials, which will be described in more detail on
the following pages:
1 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1517/.
2 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1660/
3 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2050/.
1
• BOG International Workshop on BadOntoloGy4
• CAOS-CEX International Workshop on Cognition and Ontologies & Compre-
hensibility and Explanation in AI and ML5
• EPINON II 2nd International Workshop on Epistemology in Ontologies6
• Onto.Com 6th Int. Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual Modelling7
• Ontology of Economics International Workshop on Ontology of Economics8
• Early Career The Early Career Symposium9
• Conceptual Ontology Engineering Tutorial on Conceptual Ontology Engineer-
ing10
• Referring Expressions in Ontologies and Query Answering Tutorial on Refer-
ring Expressions in Ontologies and Query Answering11
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all authors and speakers for their contributions, and
the programme committee members and additional reviewers for their timely
reviewing. Moreover, we would like to thank the local FOIS organiser, Maria C.
Keets, and her team, for taking care of running the event smoothly in Cape Town,
and the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA)12 ,
for providing generous financial support and facilities.
JOWO General Chairs and FOIS Workshops and Tutorials Chairs
Ludger Jansen Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
Daniele P. Radicioni University of Torino, Italy
Proceedings Chair
Dagmar Gromann TU Dresden, Germany
4 See http://bog.inf.unibz.it/.
5 See http://caos.inf.unibz.it/.
6 See http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/workshops/epinon2018/home.html.
7 See http://www.mis.ugent.be/ontocom2018/.
8 See https://oe.inf.unibz.it/.
9 See http://fois2018.cs.uct.ac.za/?page id=236.
10 See http://www.iaoa.org/jowo2018/?page id=108.
11 See http://www.iaoa.org/jowo2018/?page id=83.
12 See http://iaoa.org.
2
JOWO 2018 Workshops
BOG 2018
International Workshop on Bad OntoloGy
Programme Chairs
Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Rafael Peñaloza Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Nicolas Troquard Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Programme Committee
Claudia d’Amato University of Bari, Italy
Mathieu d’Aquin Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland
Galway, Ireland
João Paulo Almeida Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
Werner Ceusters SUNY at Buffalo, USA
Oscar Corcho Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Ricardo A. Falbo Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
Aldo Gangemi University of Bologna & CNR-ISTC, Italy
Andreas Herzig IRIT-CNRS, Italy
Adila A. Krisnadhi Wright State University & Universitas Indonesia, USA & Indonesia
Frank Loebe University of Leipzig, Austria
Fabian Neuhaus University of Magdeburg, Germany
Bijan Parsia The University of Manchester, UK
Marı́a Poveda-Villalón Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Catherine Roussey Irstea, France
Ulrike Sattler The University of Manchester, UK
Claudia Schon University Koblenz-Landau, Germany
Stefan Schulz Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation,
Graz General Hospital and University Clinics, Austria
Amanda Vizedom Crédit Suisse, USA
As ontologies are adopted by new practitioners and as they grow in size, bad
ontologies become an increasingly common reality. Bad ontologies may be in-
consistent, have unwanted consequences, be ridden with anti-patterns. In gen-
eral, bad ontologies present design mistakes that make their use and maintenance
problematic or impossible.
Programming engineers have had access for some time to debuggers to help iden-
tify unwanted results and linters to identify stylistic errors and suspicious con-
structs. Ontology practitioners also need similar tools to aid them correcting bad
ontologies. Researchers in ontology engineering have actively been working on
engineering methods to assist in the repair of erroneous ontologies: diagnostic,
explanation, anti-pattern detection, etc. The workshop welcomed original contri-
3
butions about all topics related to bad ontologies, including the cataloguing of
ontology symptoms, symptoms detection, ontology quality measures, diagnostic
methods to explain the symptoms, principled methods for building bad ontologies,
or benchmarks of bad ontologies for evaluating repairing methods.
The workshop accepted two submissions. In The Role of Foundational Ontologies
for Preventing Bad Ontology Design, Stefan Schulz reports on a method to use
upper-level domain ontologies and Description Logic classifiers for the detection
of modelling mistakes. Several prototypical and generalisable modelling mistakes
are used to demonstrate the method. In Applying evaluation criteria to ontology
modules, Zubeida Casmod Khan presents a set of evaluation criteria for ontology
modules. They are all structured into categories and illustrated through a series
of examples. The evaluation criteria are then used to experimentally evaluate the
modules automatically generated by a modularisation tool.
CAOS-CEX 2018
Third International Workshop on Cognition and Ontologies &
Workshop on Comprehensibility and Explanation in AI and ML (CAOS-CEX)
Programme Chairs
Maria M. Hedblom Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Tarek R. Besold City University London, UK
Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Programme Committee
Derek Doran Wright State University, USA
Scott Friedman SIFT, USA
Dagmar Gromann TU Dresden, Germany
Jamie Macbeth Fairfield University, USA
Fabian Neuhaus Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany
Alessandro Oltramari Bosch Research and Technology Center in Pittsburgh, USA
Sarah Schulz University of Stuttgart, Germany
Gem Stapleton University of Brighton, UK
Serge Thill University of Skovde, Sweden
Carlos Zednik Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany
CAOS is a workshop devoted to bringing together research findings from areas in
cognitive science with research on formal ontology. The workshop addresses the
difficult question of how key cognitive phenomena and concepts (and the involved
terminology) can be found across languages, psychology and reasoning and how
this can be formally and ontologically understood, analysed and represented. The
workshop devotes itself to investigations to model, simulate and represent a range
of cognitive abilities, with the further aim to contribute with these findings to
cognitive artificial intelligence.
4
This includes formal modeling of cognitive building blocks such as affordances
and image schemas, the relationship between thought, language and representa-
tion, the formal simulation of cognitive abilities such as language acquisition and
concept invention as well as formal modeling of socio-cognitive behaviors.
This year, CAOS runs its third edition and is joined by the workshop ”Com-
prehensibility and Explanation in AI and ML” (CEX) which focuses on largely
overlapping topics but from a more applied direction. The workshop gathered
three papers of relevant topics for the research field: In “Ontology Of Social Ser-
vice Needs: Perspective of a Cognitive Agent” Bart Gajderowicz, Mark Fox and
Michael Gruninger introduce the first ontology of social services from a client’s
perspective; In “Modelling Affordances with Dispositions” Fumiaki Toyoshima
investigates the formal realisation of affordances by comparing them to the state
of the art in ontology representation, and Antony Galton contributes to the mere-
ological debate of part-whole relationships in “Yet Another Taxonomy of Part-
Whole Relations”. We particularly thank our invited keynote speaker Alessandro
Oltramari for his contribution to the success of the workshop.
EPINON II 2018
Second International Workshop on Epistemology in Ontologies (EPINON II)
Programme Chairs
Daniele Porello Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
Claudio Masolo Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR),
Trento, Italy
Simon Scheider Utrecht University, Netherlands
Programme Committee
Massimiliano Carrara University of Padua, Italy
Roberta Ferrario Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR), Italy
Maria Hedblom Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany
Heinrich Herre University of Leipzig, Germany
Gilles Kassel Université de Picardie - Jules Vernes, France
Adila Alfa Krisnadhi Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Nicolas Troquard Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
Achille Varzi Columbia University, USA
Laure Vieu Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT-CNRS),
France
Formal ontologies and knowledge representation mainly focus on characterising
how a given domain is structured, i.e., they identify a set of concepts, entities, and
relations together with the constraints that hold for this domain. The structure of
the characterisation is usually intended to reflect the point of view of significant
experts or a realist view of how things about a particular domain are in reality.
5
The aim of this workshop is to explore an epistemological stance in formal ontol-
ogy and knowledge representation and focus on the assessment of the modelling
provided by the ontology designer. In particular, we are interested in fostering two
intertwined research directions. Firstly, we are interested in promoting discussions
about the epistemological foundations of formal ontologies and of knowledge rep-
resentation. A number of timely important problems are related to this point, for
instance: the investigations of cognitively adequate ontological representations,
the investigations on the provenance of data, the problem of the reliability of the
source of information (both human and artificial, e.g. sensors), the problem of the
epistemic reliability of the classification provided by ontology users, the problem
of finding epistemically and cognitively well-founded rationales for the integra-
tion of ontological representations with other representational formats (e.g. deep
neural networks, vector space models etc.). Secondly, we are interested in formal
and ontological approaches to the definitions of the concepts that are relevant
to the assessment of the perspective of the ontology designer. Problems related
to this direction include: ontology of general epistemological concepts (e.g. proof,
argument, explanation, epistemic reliability, trust), ontology of cognitive concepts
(perception, reasoning, sensations), ontology of data and measurements.
We aim to address to an interdisciplinary audience, by inviting scholars in phi-
losophy, computer science, logic, conceptual modelling, knowledge representation,
and cognitive science to contribute to the discussion.
Onto.Com 2018
Sixth International Workshop on Ontologies and Conceptual Modeling
Programme Chairs
Frederik Gailly Ghent University, Belgium
Giancarlo Guizzardi Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
Mark Lycett Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
Chris Partridge BORO Solutions Ltd., UK
Oscar Pastor Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain, Spain
Sergio de Cesare University of Westminster, UK
Programme Committee
Frederik Gailly Ghent University, Belgium
Giancarlo Guizzardi Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
Mark Lycett Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
Chris Partridge BORO Solutions Ltd., UK
Oscar Pastor Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain, Spain
Sergio de Cesare University of Westminster, UK
The role of formal ontology in Conceptual Modeling (CM) is increasingly being
recognized as fundamental by both the research and practitioner communities.
6
Formal ontology, whose theoretical underpinnings are grounded in disciplines such
as Philosophy, Cognitive Sciences and Linguistics, has led to the development of
theoretical foundations for conceptual modeling. In particular, a number of onto-
logical theories such as BORO, BWW, DOLCE, GFO and UFO have been suc-
cessfully applied to the evaluation of conceptual modeling languages, frameworks
and standards (e.g., UML, ORM, ER, REA, TROPOS, ARIS, BPMN, RM-ODP,
Archimate, OWL and ISO 15926), and to the development of information sys-
tems engineering tools (e.g., methodological guidelines, modeling profiles, design
patterns) that contribute to the theory and practice of conceptual modeling.
The objective of the OntoCom Workshop is to provide an international forum for
exchanging ideas on the latest developments in the emerging area of Ontology-
Driven Conceptual Modeling and to address specific questions of relevance to the
body of knowledge of this emerging discipline.
The workshop received 7 submissions, from which the Program Chairs selected 6
high quality papers. The 18th of September 2018 the 6 papers will be presented
in two separate sessions. The first session will focus on the metaphysical char-
acteristics of some well-known foundational ontologies. The second session will
focus on the application of ontology-driven conceptual modeling. We would like
to express our gratitude to the authors for considering OntoCom as a forum to
publish their research and the FOIS 2018 organizers for all their support.
Ontology of Economics 2018
First International Workshop on Ontology of Economics
Programme Chairs
Daniele Porello Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Nicola Guarino ISTC-CNR, Italy
Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Programme Committee
Ulle Endriss University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
Paul Johannesson Royal Institute of Technology
Oliver Massin University of Zurich, Switzerland
William Mccarthy Michigan State University, USA
Georgios Papadopoulos Research Institute for Art and Technology, Austria
Tiago Prince Sales University of Trento, Italy
Emma Tieffenbach University of Geneva, Switzerland
Hans Weigand Tilburg University, Netherlands
Gloria Zuniga Ashford University, USA
Understanding the ontological nature of economic concepts and institutions is
crucial for providing principled modelling in many important domains such as
7
enterprise modelling, business processes, and social ontology. A significant number
of fundamental concepts that are ubiquitous in economics have only recently been
approached from an ontological perspective.
For instance: value, risk, preference, utility, capability, good, service, exchange,
transaction, competition. We offer a venue to gather the recent contributions to
this important topic. We propose contributions from different areas such as (phi-
losophy of) economics, decision theory, social choice theory, business, finance, ac-
counting, economic sociology, and enterprise modelling, to promote the discussion
on the ontological foundation of fundamental concepts in economics.
We aim to foster the discussion on both theoretical and methodological issues in
the use of ontologies for modelling economic concepts and institutions, as well as
the approaches presenting concrete use of ontologies in application to economic
domains.
8
Other FOIS 2018 Satellite Events
FOIS 2018 Early Career Symposium
Programme Chairs
Maria M. Hedblom Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Emilio Sanfilippo French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France
Zubeida Khan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa
For any conference, the Early Career Symposium (ECS) represents the invest-
ment done by the current generation of researchers into the future generations
of the field. Arguably, while established researchers contribute to strengthen the
fundamentals of the research field, it is often the young generation that provides
innovation and groundbreaking ideas. In order to foster the state of art in on-
tology research, the ECS at FOIS welcomes early stage researchers working on
innovative and novel research topics for presentation at the conference. The sym-
posium encourages mentorship among established and emerging researchers to-
wards constructive discussions surrounding novel research. As the future remains
unwritten, the ECS accepts a wide variety of research topics focused on ontolo-
gies and knowledge representation. In particular, because of its contextualization
within FOIS, it welcomes research addressed in an interdisciplinary way with
an open-minded aptitude towards philosophical ontology, cognitive science, and
linguistics. We wish to thank the PC members for their constructive feedback.
Tutorial on Conceptual Ontology Engineering
Organiser
Mike Bennett Hypercube Limited, UK & EDM Council, UK
Conceptual modeling as defined within the discipline of software development
is the exercise of creating computationally independent model artifacts against
which to develop and validate logical and physical model design artifacts. The art
of conceptual modeling is one that requires a clear understanding of the notion of
a concept and an appreciation of the nature of concepts as distinct from words,
labels or database element names. One powerful type of conceptual model is
the ‘ontology’ where ontology is understood to be a formal specification of a
conceptualization. The word ‘ontology’ is broadly used to cover a number of such
specifications. The goal of this tutorial is to present a formal framework within
9
which to understand these distinctions and to introduce techniques by which
attendees may be able to develop ontologies that may serve as conceptual models,
focusing on the less technical (and often overlooked) aspects of such ontology
development, specifically the ability to appreciate concepts and to model these
within the logical formalisms used in ontology development.
Tutorial on Referring Expressions in Ontologies and Query
Answering
Organisers
David Toman University of Waterloo, Canada
Grant Weddell University of Waterloo, Canada
How individuals are identified when cooperating agents need to communicate is
an inherent issue faced by the designers of information systems. Solutions to this
problem range from insisting on global often opaque identifiers, such as URIs,
to application specific ways of externally identifying individuals, such as primary
keys in relational systems. The goal of this tutorial is to introduce a flexible
framework based on referring expressions that unifies approaches that address
these issues.
10