O (2013). Virtual Health Coaching for Consumers: A Persuasive Systems Design Perspective. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations An introduction to persuasive systems design for sustainability Information Systems 0 1 2 3 4 University of Oulu Oulu , Finland [4] Lehto T. & Oinas-Kukkonen H. (2015) Explaining and Predicting Perceived Effectiveness and Use Continuance Intention of a Behavior Change Support System. Behaviour and Information Technology , Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 176-189 [5] Lappalainen P., Langrial S., Oinas-Kukkonen H., Tolvanen A. & Lappalainen R. (2015) Web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Depressive Symptoms with Minimal Support: Treatment Efficacy and Participants' Experiences: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Modification. Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 805-834 [6] Kuonanoja L. , Langrial S., Lappalainen P., Lappalainen R. & Oinas- Kukkonen H. (2015) Treating Depression through a Behavior Change Support System without Face-to-Face Therapy. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction. Vol. 7, No. 3, September, pp. 192-210 [7] Lehto T. & Oinas-Kukkonen H. (2015) Examining the Persuasive Potential of Health Behavior Change Support Systems. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction. Vol. 7, No. 3, September, pp. 126-140 2009 24 6 1 2

-Persuasive systems design can be applied to applications for green information systems and technology and sustainability. Beyond sustainability, we claim that the topics addressed in this presentation will play a centermost role in most of software design in future and they will become relevant for all software business. Results from a variety of research projects utilizing the PSD model and the BCSS framework will be presented.

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Keywords—Behavior change; Behavior Change Support Systems; BCSS; persuasive technology; Persuasive Systems Design; PSD; software engineering; sustainability

 I. INTRODUCTION

A growing number of software, systems and services are being developed to influence users’ attitudes and behaviors in areas such as fostering health and promoting sustainability. This presentation will describe conceptual frameworks for researching, designing, and evaluating such systems for sustainability, known as the Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model [1] and the Behavior Change Support System (BCSS) framework [2].

 II. BACKGROUND

The Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model describes the process for persuasive systems development and it explains what kind of software functionality may be implemented in the system [1]. The model helps select effective persuasive features, and categorizes them into primary task, computer-human dialogue, system credibility, and social influence. It also highlights fundamentals behind any such system and ways to analyze contexts for persuasion. The PSD model [1] and Behavior Change Support System (BCSS) framework [2] can be applied for a wide variety of purposes [3-10], including design and development of full-fledged software systems [11], experimental technologies and lighter applications or applications of basic technologies [12, 13], carrying out intervention outcome and user experience research [ 14, 15 ], carrying out literature reviews and systematic evaluations of applications [ 16-18 ], as well as actual software programming [ 19 ].

III. CONTRIBUTION

The topics addressed here are of critical importance for influencing use and usage behaviors of green information systems and technologies for the better and to live more sustainable everyday lives [ 20-22 ]. Moreover, we put forward the claim that the topics will play a centermost role not only in sustainability and green IS/IT but in most of software design in future and they will become relevant for all software business. Results from a variety of research projects utilizing the PSD model and the BCSS framework will be presented. [8] [13] Halttu K. & Oinas-Kukkonen H. (2017) Persuading to Reflect: Role of Reflection and Insight in Persuasive Systems Design for Physical Activity. Human-Computer Interaction, 32:5-6, pp. 381-412.

[14] Karppinen P. , Oinas-Kukkonen H. , Alahäivälä T. , Jokelainen T. , Keränen A.-M. , Salonurmi T. , Savolainen M. ( 2016 ) Persuasive User Experience in Health Behavior Change Support System: A 12-month Study for Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome . International Journal of Medical Informatics , Vol. 96 , pp. 51 - 61 , December 2016 . [15] Karppinen P. , Oinas-Kukkonen H. , Alahäivälä T. , Jokelainen T. , Keränen A.-M. , Salonurmi T. , Savolainen M. ( 2018 ) Opportunities and challenges of behavior change support systems for enhancing habit formation: A qualitative study . Journal of Biomedical Informatics . Vol. 84 , August , pp. 82 - 92 . [16] Lehto T. & Oinas-Kukkonen H . ( 2011 ) Persuasive Features in WebBased Alcohol and Smoking Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Literature . Journal of Medical Internet Research , 13 ( 3 ), e46 . [17] Matthews J. , Win K.T. , Freeman M. & Oinas-Kukkonen H . ( 2016 ) Persuasive Technology in Mobile Applications Promoting Physical Activity: A Systematic Review . Journal of Medical Systems , Vol. 40 , Issue 3 , Article 72. [18] Alahäivälä T. & Oinas-Kukkonen H . ( 2016 ) Understanding persuasion contexts in health gamification: A systematic analysis of gamified health behavior change support systems literature . International Journal of Medical Informatics , Vol. 96 , pp. 62 - 70 , December 2016 . [19] Oduor M. , Alahäivälä T. & Oinas-Kukkonen H . ( 2014 ) Persuasive software design patterns for social influence . Personal and ubiquitous computing , Vol. 18 , No. 7, October 2014 , pp. 1689 - 1704 . [20] Shevchuk N. & Oinas-Kukkonen H . ( 2016 ) Exploring Green Information Systems and Technologies as Persuasive Systems: A Systematic Review of Applications in Published Research . Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2016 Proceedings , Dublin, Ireland, December 12 -15. [21] Shevchuk N. , Oinas-Kukkonen Henry & Oinas-Kukkonen Harri ( 2017 ) Green IS/IT: An Overview of Historical Periods, Recent Research Initiatives and Theoretical Approaches . In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS 2017 ), pp. 127 - 134 . [22] Shevchuk N. & Oinas-Kukkonen H . ( 2019 ) Influence on Intention to Adopt Green IS: Boosting Endogenous Motivations with Persuasive Systems Design . In: 52nd Annual Hawaii Intl. Conf. on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2019 ).