=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2300/Paper40
|storemode=property
|title=Intelligent System Analyzing Quality of Land Plots
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2300/Paper40.pdf
|volume=Vol-2300
|authors=Andrii Bayurskii,Svitlana Krepych
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/acit4/BayurskiiK18
}}
==Intelligent System Analyzing Quality of Land Plots==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2300/Paper40.pdf
166
Intelligent System Analyzing Quality of Land Plots
Аndrii Bayurskii1, Svitlana Krepych2
1. Department of Computer Science, Ternopil National Economic University, UKRAINE, Ternopil, 8 Chekhova str., email:
andriy.bayurskiy@gmail.com
2. Department of Computer Science, Ternopil National Economic University, UKRAINE, Ternopil, 8 Chekhova str., email:
s.krepych@tneu.edu.ua
Abstract: Products grown on the territory of Ukraine or Another positive aspect is that such a system does not exist
goods obtained from the processing of the crops concerned in Ukraine today. The main emphasis of the state's provision
are attractive in many countries of the world. It is of export goods in the field of agrarian industry is focused on
advisable to focus on improving the cultivation of crops to agrarians-monopolists. They conclude with state the main
increase the export of our goods abroad. The development tendering agreements. Within these agreements, the main
of an appropriate software complex that would combine focus is on obtaining a stable yield, resulting in a soil
the interests of the state and farmers to increase the yield deterioration. It leads to extensive use of a large amount of
of crops and, accordingly, increase the amount of crop, is inorganic fertilizers in order to improve soils quality which in
an integral part of improving the work of the agricultural run adversely affects the environmental state or condition.
sector of the state. Introduction a crop rotation is the main The main crops grown in the Ternopil region are
idea of developing a software system. This will lessen the sunflowers, corn, rape, sugar beet and winter crops - wheat and
drying of the soil and increase yield. barley. These crops are an export commodity within our state,
Keywords: mathematical model, forecasted yield, crop and some of them, including sunflowers and wheat, are part of
rotation, land plot, agrarian. the exported goods abroad.
The average yield index of the described crops for Ternopil
І. INTRODUCTION region in 2016 was:
Each year the state must sell the tender for the planting of - 3.8 t from 1 ha for wheat;
certain crops for a certain period of time. The most effective - 2.4 t from 1 ha for sunflowers;
distribution of orders for planting between farmers is the main - 30 t from 1 ha for sugar beet;
issue of study. There is a problem in absence of a database of - 4.7 t from 1 ha for corn;
agrarians and information’s about tenders at the first stage. In - 3.6 t from 1 ha for barley;
the work, we will use a simulated bidding scheme based on - 1.8 t from 1 ha for rape.
input data that is as close as possible to the actual data. Let's take these indicators as etalon for standard crop yields
Only a few hundred species of plants are used in agriculture. to determine which crop on which area is better to plant to
Most of the agricultural products are provided at best twenty obtain the best possible yield without excess fertilizer. The
species of plants. For thousands of years, people have been planting of a culture will then influence what culture was
trying to improve their yields, using the remains of fauna and planted in this field last year and how many years the proposed
flora. However, it was a natural way to improve yields. Today culture was not grown in this area.
we see a completely different picture. On the one hand it The most depleting for soil, from the crops grown in the
increases yields but on the other hand the quality of crops and Ternopil region are sunflowers and corn. The land should reset
also the ecological condition of soils and groundwater for seven years to recapture the previous fertilizing power and
deteriorate [1]. inspiration after the sunflowers, after the corn only three years.
Considering all the above problems, the creation of an This term agricultural producers do not always stand, or do not
intelligent system analyzing quality of land plots will be a stand at all. This is especially true for sunflower. So in the
major breakthrough in the field of agronomy. It will allow system is proposed to consider planting a plot sunflower at
maximize profits for both the state and agrarians by efficient least after 4 years.
cultivation of different crop. Table 1 summarizes the planting rates of crops. It is
ІІ. MODELING THE PROCESS OF YIELD OF CULTURE including the last year of landing and crop rotation, as well as
the obtained average yield of a crop from 1 ha of land. Let's
The main idea of developing a software system for planting enter some variables:
land is to improve soil fertility through such a crop rotation of
crops. This will allow to reduce drying soil, increase the yield - y – the maximum number of years the culture should not be
of the crop and will require less use of various types of grown on the site;
herbicides, pesticides, supplements, growth - v pr - average yield of the crop that was last planted on the
stimulants, etc. At the end, it will still have a positive impact i
on the environment, because less chemicals will fall into the plot within the proposed area for the last landing;
soil and, accordingly, to the reservoirs. - vi - the average yield of a crop that is being prepared for
planting on a plot within the proposed area for the last landing;
ACIT 2018, June 1-3, 2018, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
167
- vres - average yield of cultivated crop. where ki , i = 1������
.. 4 - unknown coefficients, the values of which
i
need to be evaluated on the basis of the analysis of the data
TABLE 1. INDICATORS OF AVERAGE CROP YIELDS presented in Table 1.
ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS CROP ROTATION AND LAST According to tabular data we will make a system of linear
YEAR OF CULTIVATION algebraic equations in this form:
k1 * yi + k2 * vpr1 + k3 * v1 + k4 = vres1
Culture type y v pri vi vresi ⎧
⎪ …
k1 * yi + k2 * vpri + k3 * vi + k4 = vresi (2)
Sunflower 3 4.7 2.4 2.2 ⎨ …
⎪k * y + k * v
3 3.6 2.4 2.4 ⎩ 1 30 2 pr30 + k3 * v30 + k4 = vres30
3 1.8 2.4 2.5 The solution of the system (2) is the region of coefficients
of the model [2,3]. Using the least squares method to find the
3 3.8 2.4 2.3
estimates of the coefficients of the model from SLR (2), we
3 30 2.4 2.6 obtain the following model:
Corn 2 3.4 4.7 4.4 vresi = 0,008 * yi + 0.006 * vpri + 0.99 * vi - 0.04 (3)
2 3.6 4.7 4.7 Obtained value from the formula (3) is reflects the average
2 1.8 4.7 4.8 yield of the proposed landing in the specified section of the
crop with regard to the history of the planting. However, for a
2 3.8 4.7 4.7 more adequate construction of the planting strategy, it is
2 30 4.7 4.8 necessary to take into account the risks that can reduce this
indicator.
Barley 1 4.7 3.6 3.5 Let's establish a 5% deviation from the predicted yield
1 2.4 3.6 3.4 index for the possibility of taking into account the various risks
of deteriorating crop yields. As a result, the forecast yield of
1 1.8 3.6 3.7 the crop will be in the range [3]:
1 3.8 3.6 3.6 − +
[v resi
; v resi
] = [v resi − 0,05 ⋅ v resi ; v resi ] (4)
1 30 3.6 3.7
The order of the state to a certain culture appears in the
Rape 1 4.7 1.8 1.7 interval:
1 2.4 1.8 1.6 − +
[Vcon i
; Vcon i
] (5)
1 3.6 1.8 1.8 −
where Vconi - the minimum amount of crop yield required by
1 3.8 1.8 1.8
the state to cover the domestic needs and export needs of the
1 30 1.8 1.9 +
overseas; Vconi - the maximum amount of crop yield that the
Wheat 1 4.7 3.8 3.7
state may buy overtime from agrarians.
1 2.4 3.8 3.6 The function of the distribution of planting the culture
1 3.6 3.8 3.8 between the plots within a single order (2.5) is represented by
the expression:
1 1.8 3.8 3.9 [ f (Vi )] = ∑ −
( S i ⋅ [vres
i =1
i
+
; vresi
]) , (6)
1 30 3.8 4
Sugar beet 1 4.7 30 28 where S i - the area of the field selected for planting the
1 2.4 30 27 selected culture on the i-th iteration.
The number of iterations is determined in accordance with
1 3.6 30 30
the improvement of the goal function Fi , the value of which
1 1.8 30 32
is determined by the formula:
{ }
1 3.8 30 31
− +
Fi = min mid ([Vcon ; Vcon ]) − mid ([ f (Vi )]) , (7)
i =1,.., N i i
It is advisable to construct a model of the dependence of
the yield of the crop from its crop rotation within a specific where Fi ≥ 0 .
area. At the initial stage, we will choose the linear structure of That is, the choice of the optimal field for planting will be
the model of the species: selected as long as the function Fi will accept positive values
vresi = k1 ⋅ yi + k 2 ⋅ v pri + k3 ⋅ vi + k 4 (1) from a set of possible values [4].
ACIT 2018, June 1-3, 2018, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
168
ІII. SOFTWARE REALIZATION 7.2. If there are cultures for which the fields are not yet
selected, then choose the culture that follows the
Figure 3.1 depicts a general block diagram of the system priority and proceed to step 2.
[5,6].
Basically you can highlight three main stages of the
Start
program system:
1) Formation of an order by the state. This process
includes selecting the necessary crops, sorting them by priority
and indicating the interval of the yield. Flow chart of this A
Choose the field with the most
process depicted in Fig 3. Check if the best field is found for
efficiency
2) Planting cost estimation. The software system all cultures
analyzes the history of the planting of all available fields of the
agrarians on which it is planned to plant the corresponding
crop and publish a list of fields with the most effective way of
planting, that is, those fields that will result in the best crop Get the first priority culture from We bind the field to the culture.
yields taking into account crop rotation. Flow chart of this the list Check field as in use.
process depicted in Fig 2.
3) Giving of a result. The last step will be the window
with the formed fields for planting each crop. At this stage, you
can review the forecast average yield, previous yields in this A
We calculate projected efficiency of
field and other indicators. Flow chart [7] of this process planting
depicted in Fig 4.
Start End
Fig. 2. Flow chart of the «Planting Calculation» process
Order processing In order to get started with the system, it is necessary to
form orders. We should choose the culture, their priority and
indicate the minimum and maximum crop yields for the state.
The form of this process is depicted in Fig. 3. [7]
Planting Calculation
result
End
Fig. 1. Flow chart diagram
A detailed flowchart of the "Planting Calculation" process
is shown in Fig. 2. Consider the step-by-step description of the
process: Fig. 3. Purchase Order Form
1. System choose the culture from order. The culture was Once the system has selected the most effective options for
sorted by priority. planting fields, you can open the resulting form for viewing
2. Retrieve information about all available fields on which detailed information on the results of calculations, namely:
can be planted the culture, selected in step 1. • description of the data on the agrarian who owns the
3. Calculating for each field the estimated yield of the field with the planted crop;
selected crop depending on the history of planting and the • field area;
average yield in this field by the formula 4. • a culture that will be planted in the chosen field;
4. Select the field with the largest interval of the forecast • current year of planting.
yield according to the formula 6. The prototype of the shape is depicted in Fig. 4.
5. Connecting the field to the chosen culture.
6. This field will be marked as selected and will not appear
in field list by the end of calculation.
7. Check whether there any culture that does not connected
to any of fields;
7.1. If fields are selected for all cultures, then proceed to the
next stage;
Fig. 4. Result form
ACIT 2018, June 1-3, 2018, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
169
In general, this form depicts a compiled information about tendering agreements are concluded. Within these agreements,
agrarian and field, which will effectively be used when the main focus is on obtaining a maximum yield, which leads
planting a certain culture. Double-clicking on a culture will to a deterioration of the soil, which is trying to improve with
open a dialog box that displays detailed information about the the use of a large amount of fertilizers of inorganic origin,
field and the owner. The prototype of the shape is depicted in which in turn adversely affects the environmental state of the
Fig. 5. environment.
In order to improve crop yields and reduce the amount of
inorganic fertilizers, it is proposed to take into account the
previous crop rotation when planting the crop, which can
significantly improve the yields of the proposed crop.
In the framework of the proposed approach, a
mathematical model of the dependence of the crop yield from
the previous crop rotation within a specific area is developed.
The method of planting of plots on the basis of the
developed model of crop rotation is developed, which will
allow covering the minimum amount of crop yield required for
the state for crops and improve the quality of soil application
Fig. 5. View field information and, as a result, average yields of crops.
The program complex of quality of planting of land plots
Clicking on the "View yield" button will open a window
has been developed, which will improve the connection
that displays information about how much culture of the whole
between "state-agrarian state". Provide the opportunity for
field was collected, how much was forecasted for collection,
private entrepreneurs to enter a large market of sales and as a
the average yield of actual and average yields is projected in
result, with the correct and lawful application of the software
the range from the minimum to the maximum value. The complex to improve the quality of land and the ecological state
prototype of the shape is depicted in Fig. 6. of the country.
REFERENCES
[1] “Strategy for the development of the agrarian sector of
the Ukrainian economy for the period up to 2020,” 2013.
[Online]. Available at: http://minagro.gov.ua/node/7644.
[Application Date: 08.12.2017 November 2017].
[2] S. Ya. Krepych “Modeling and providing of functional
suitability of static systems by methods of analysis of
interval data”, PhD thesis, Lviv, 2016, 166 pp. (in
Ukrainian)
[3] S. Ya. Krepych “Comparative analysis of the time
complexity of random searches in the synthesis problem
with given allowable values of output characteristics and
Fig. 6. Display detailed information on crop yields at a particular tolerances on the parameters of its elements” TNTU
site Bulletin, Scientific Journal, 2015, No. 1, pp. 204-219. (in
IV. CONCLUSION Ukrainian)
[4] G. Alefeld, Yu Herzberger: “Introduction to interval
In the scientific work the actual scientific research task of
analyzing the quality of land plot planting has been solved. The calculations” Moscow: World, 1987, 360 p. (in Russian)
following scientific and practical results were obtained. [5] Chonoles M. J., Schardt J.A. UML 2 for Dummies. –
During the analysis of the subject area it was discovered Hungry Minds, 2003, 412 pр. (in Russian)
that today the main emphasis of the state's provision of export [6] Kendal S. Fast Track UML 2.0. Apress, 2004, 416 рp.
goods in the field of agrarian industry is focused on agrarians [7] Skiena, S., 2013. The Algorithm Design Manual. 2nd ed.
of the monopolists. Between them and the state, the main Springer Publishing Company: Springer.
ACIT 2018, June 1-3, 2018, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic