=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2318/paper6
|storemode=property
|title=Method for Ensuring Survivability of Flying Ad-hoc Network Based on Structural and Functional Reconfiguration
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2318/paper6.pdf
|volume=Vol-2318
|authors=Genadiy Churyumov,Vitalii Tkachov,Volodymyr Tokariev,Vladyslav Diachenko
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/its2/ChuryumovTTD18
}}
==Method for Ensuring Survivability of Flying Ad-hoc Network Based on Structural and Functional Reconfiguration==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2318/paper6.pdf
Method for Ensuring Survivability of Flying Ad-hoc
Network Based on Structural and Functional
Reconfiguration
Genadiy Churyumov1, Vitalii Tkachov1, Volodymyr Tokariev1 and
Vladyslav Diachenko1
1
Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Kharkiv, Ukraine
g.churyumov@ieee.org, tkachov@ieee.org, tokarev@ieee.org,
vladyslav.diachenko@nure.ua
Abstract. Self-organizing flying ad-hoc networks are increasingly used to solve
the tasks of recording, storing and transmitting data in space. In some cases,
such networks are implemented on a hierarchical basis (mesh topology) and are
specialized. These networks are rather volatile since the failure of one of the
nodes can disrupt the entire network, and the time it takes to reconfigure the
network may be too long. The survivability of the network is an important as-
pect of the main function (goal achievement) performance reliability. The net-
work has to perform the main function throughout the operating time. During
and after the impact of adverse factors, in order to perform the main function,
the network has to restore its functions in a minimum time. A characteristic
property of a natural or techno-productive negative influence is its low predic-
tability, suddenness, instantaneous distribution, the chance of damaging net-
work nodes, low probability of failure of the network nodes outside the scope of
the factor. The goal of survivability is to perform a target function in the event
of a malfunction or network failure and the possibility of complete timely re-
covery in the case of a failure. The article is devoted to the development of a
method for ensuring the survivability of flying ad-hoc network. Effective ways
to ensure the survivability of the network in adverse conditions is the applica-
tion of reconfiguration scenarios, redistribution of functions in the network
among nodes, temporary self-isolation of nodes, etc. The proposed method is
based on the use of the strategy of structural and functional network reconfigu-
ration. This strategy is based on the aggregate-decomposition approach to net-
work nodes. Experimental studies show that the probability of maintaining the
functionality of the network when using the strategy of structural and functional
reconfiguration increases the probability of performing the main function dur-
ing the influence of the negative factor up to 15% and after it - up to 45%. The
analysis of the obtained results shows that additional experimental research is
needed to accumulate statistical information for modification of the method in
the context of the introduction of self-learning elements.
Key words: survivability, flying ad-hoc network, reconfiguration, data trans-
mission.
65
1 Introduction
Lately most innovations have been appearing in high-tech areas such as biomedical
engineering, robotics, infocommunication technologies and artificial intelligence sys-
tems. This is quite a logical movement, since many points of contact of directions
generate new vectors in the development of science and technology, which led to the
massive use of embedded systems, which are the main component of information
systems. This is the result of combining technologies of different directions [1]. De-
mand for the embedded systems is steadily increasing, and together with this, re-
quirements for products on their base are also growing.
The high complexity and rapid development of the elemental base of the embedded
systems leads to an increase in the level of abstraction, at which most of design deci-
sions are taken. This requires extensive use of simulation, methods for mathematical
analysis and formal verification of models of embedded systems.
An example of the above-mentioned systems is a self-organizing network based on
the unmanned aerial vehicle known as a flying ad-hoc network (FANET). Many
works [2-5] are devoted to the subject of FANETs, which give a detailed description
of the basic principles of design, development and operation of FANETs. Fig. 1
shows one of the possible options for implementing systems, subsystems, classes,
types, and components. It should be noted that the problem of external negative influ-
ence on the hardware component of the embedded system is considered in this paper.
Problems of software deflection due to existing information "viruses" are not consi-
dered in this paper. The problem associated with the powerful external influence of
microwave radiation on the hardware component of the embedded system or radio
suppression of FANET nodes.
The study of FANET operation is directly related to the structural dynamics of var-
ious nature caused by changes in the parameters and state of nodes (UAVs) of the
network at different stages of their life cycle under the influence of objective and
subjective factors [6]. The natural hazards (lightning, temperature anomalies) as well
as technical and industrial activities (electromagnetic pollution, damage), which lead
to critical situations and failure of the network in general, represent a particular dan-
ger to the functioning of the FANET. In these conditions, one of the most important
strategic directions for the development of embedded systems is ensuring the continu-
ity of technological processes of the FANET and increasing functional resistance to
failures in the network.
Such an option for managing the structure of objects as a structural and functional
reconfiguration of an existing topology of the FANET has become widespread in
practice when solving the problems of ensuring the survivability of embedded sys-
tems in the theory of structural dynamics management [7].
66
Fig. 1 Scheme of the IS structure
The reconfiguration of the FANET topology means the process of changing its
structure in order to preserve and further restore (increase) the level of network per-
formance or to ensure a minimum reduction in the network efficiency under degrada-
tion of its functions [8]. At the same time, the survivability of the system means its
ability to adapt to new unforeseen conditions of operation, withstand unwanted exter-
nal influences while realizing the main function [9].
This work is devoted to the development of the FANET survivability ensurance in
adverse conditions, which is based on the structural and functional reconfiguration of
the FANET topology.
2 Analysis of Known Solutions
In the article "Routing protocols in wireless networks" [10], the authors focus on ex-
amples of implementing reactive, proactive, and hybrid protocols in solving the prob-
lem of optimal construction of data transmission paths between FANET nodes as well
as to ensure survivability of the network as a whole. The problem of influence of the
67
dynamics in distance change between the nodes during FANET movement in space
(including nodes-participants of the network) on the reconfiguration of the FANET
topology is considered from the perspective of searching for optimal data transmis-
sion routes. It is argued that in the case of using proactive protocols, there is a need
for the regular transmission of service information between FANET nodes to update
routing tables and to continuously change the role of nodes. The authors emphasize
that in quite dynamic FANETs, there is a problem of buffer overflow for the parame-
ter of sequence numbers of network topologies, the time of their search increases.
This is critical for a FANET with fast-changing topology. When using reactive proto-
cols, such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), there may be an unreasonable increase
in the size of data packet for long routes or an increase in a new address format (IDs),
as in IPv6. It is also noted that the general problem of hybrid protocols and geo-
routing protocols lies in the narrow specialization and complexity of their implemen-
tation [11, 12].
Based on suggestions of the authors on the possibility of a rotary choice of solu-
tions for improving the survivability of a specialized FANET, other shortcomings can
be distinguished. First, the FANET can be operated using protocol support within a
single protocol family. Creating a FANET that could use a variety of tools in different
protocols requires the creation of a complex statistical apparatus, the mechanisms of
semantic analysis and the use of self-learning methods [13]. Complication of the sys-
tem leads to a significant increase in the reaction time on factors, the probability of
false positives also increases.
Secondly, each of the protocol types has its disadvantages under conditions of dif-
ferent densities and speeds of nodes. For example, proactive protocols are characte-
rized by advantages over reactive ones in time of rerouting in case of a node failure.
In proactive protocols, this process takes place in advance, taking into account prog-
nostic models - it is only necessary to read the scenario of the route from the table,
while reactive protocols need to send a broadcast request and expect a response from
the recipients. Permanent broadcasting reduces the bandwidth of the FANET for use-
ful data transmission. In addition, hybrid protocols can significantly reduce routing
efficiency due to network clustering.
Thirdly, there are no algorithms for network operation in the case of instant degra-
dation or radio suppression of nodes in the FANET in the epicenter of the negative
external influence factor. Since the time of the negative external factor influence is
less than the time necessary for an adequate response of the FANET to make a deci-
sion on the reorganization of the topology or the change of the functioning protocols
in order to ensure the survivability of the network, the protocols described in the
work, in fact, are meaningless, and achievement of the target function is in jeopardy.
In the article "Viability of wireless communication networks in conditions of
emergency sutation" [14], the authors substantiate the thesis that the most effective
way to ensure the functioning of amobile communication network in the conditions of
the adverse factors is to increase the intensity of service by operating nodes, i.e.
searching of functions of the damaged non-operaring nodes by working nodes; in-
creasing the number of communication channels in a damaged cluster of nodes is
proposed to be carried out at the expense of redistribution of the released radio fre-
68
quency resource; transition to the use of other frequency channels. In the final part,
the authors conclude that the proposed solution can be used as an additional measure
when the FANET falls into the zone of negative external influence of the damage
factors.
The disadvantage of this method is the emergence of a significant problem, which
consists in solving the problem of eliminating interference of radio signals.
In the paper "Peer selection algorithm in flying ad hoc networks" [15], the authors
propose a comprehensive solution to ensure the survivability of the UAV self-
organizing network at the expense of: a data transfer method at the application level
of the OSI model; an algorithm for selective retransmission request at the application
level of the OSI model (AL-ARQ); an algorithm for route selection; an algorithm for
choosing an assistant node using the "greedy" criterion; a criterion based on the rela-
tive speeds of the nodes. The solution is proposed for the use in the FANET under
conditions of radio interference and possible external factors of node damage.
This solution is effective for highly specialized tasks of guaranteed data streaming.
Multipath redundancy, permanent reconfiguration of the topology can be realized on
the FANET by distributing identical data and forecasting models, collecting and
processing static information in various ways. The proposed network encoding also
makes the entire process secure. However, the effectiveness of the proposed solution
in case of changing the network environment requires additional studies.
3 Rationale for Application of FANET Topology Structural and
Functional Reconfiguration
The structural and functional reconfiguration of the FANET is aimed at changing the
network topology and performance characteristics of its technical and organizational
subsystem to eliminate the effects of various destructive influences and should take
into account the possibility of flexible redistribution of a function, a task and a goal
performed by the FANET among the valid nodes with taking into account admissible
functioning of the FANET with the worst quality indicators within the allowed limits.
During the reconfiguration of topology, the FANET may be located in one of the
states G = {Gv, v=1, 2, …, m}. Changing states may be caused not only by failures of
certain nodes or communication channels, but also by critical situations when only
one node of the FANET can remain functioning. For a formal description of possible
situations, let us consider some assumptions:
The feature of the problem statement of structural and functional reconfiguration to
ensure the survivability of the FANET is connected to the fact that a set of partial
solutions Q(Gv) = (Q1 (Gv), Q1(Gv), …, Qn(Gv), …, QN(Gv)), = {1, 2, … N} of
the FANET performance quality of service in the state of Gv can be divided into
two groups of indicators according to the following scheme (Figure 2).
69
Indicators of network characteristics
Structural and topological Structural and functional
(statistical) indicators (dynamic) indicators
- structural reliability; - functional endurance;
- structural stability; - productivity;
-structural and topological - effectiveness;
properties; - resource loading;
- etc . - etc.
Fig.2. Schematic diagram of FANET characteristics.
The regularity between groups can be described as str fun = under Qn(Gv),
n str ,n fun ;
The FANET operation in each of the Gv states is determined by the set of operating
and non-operating functional nodes. We will consider those nodes that are not able
to perform operations of storing, receiving, transmitting, processing and protecting
information resources as non-operating; the nodes performing at least one of these
operations will be considered as partially operating;
structural and functional reconfiguration of the FANET topology occurs under the
assumption that a critical situation, unlike a failure (possible or predicted event), is
an event that is possible but not probable or its probability is very small and can
not be reasonably evaluated during the design of FANET. In other words, the rea-
sons for the emergence of critical situations, as a rule, do not obey probabilistic sta-
tistical laws and have a multi-aspect and multifactorial nature;
analysis of the structural dynamics of the FANET shows that its structures do not
change continuously under the influence of various causes, but maintain the stabili-
ty of the topology at certain time intervals.
Obviously, the value of the partial parameters Qn(Gv), n = {1, 2, … N} as a function
of the FANET in each of the Gv states depends on the set of non-operating, partially
operating and operating nodes; distribution of operations of processing, storage, re-
ception and transmission of information; redistribution of these operations between
the FANET operating or partially operating nodes.
Proceeding from the theory of system survivability, one of the objectives of man-
aging the structural dynamics of the FANET is to provide the maximum possible
performance level of the network and its nodes at every moment of time. This goal is
achieved by targeted external influence on the degradation process of the FANET in
such a way as to eliminate or reduce the possibility (probability) of FANET transi-
tions to the unwanted state, and to manage the processes for updating the FANET.
70
An important condition for developing a FANET survivability method is to ana-
lyze and evaluate its topology. To do this, the theory of structures taxonomy can be
applied based on such concepts of homogeneity, equality and monotony [7]. In this
approach, it is assumed that the topology of the network is homogeneous if all the
functional nodes included in it are identical; and heterogeneous if at least one of its
node is different from all others. A FANET structure is considered to be equival if the
loss of one of the nodes results in an equal significant loss of any other, and vice ver-
sa, the structure is unequal if the individual nodes of the FANET are of great value
compared to others. Considering this property, we must further investigate the criti-
cality of input nodes by their functional features. Detection of critical elements con-
tributes to the optimization of the functional policies of other nodes that play the key
role in ensuring the reliability, security and survivability of the FANET. The criticali-
ty of node failure is considered as a complex property, for the evaluation of which it is
expedient to use such partial quality indicators as: failure probability; severity of fail-
ure consequences; stability of a node to the influence of external adverse factors; res-
ervation ability; cluster rebuilding; possibility to control node state; duration of failure
risk existence; node self-isolation; ability to localize a failure.
This analysis has shown that the model of the FANET functioning can be
represented by a structural scheme, a fault and event tree, a connectivity graph, etc.
But such a model can describe functioning of a monotone network only. In monotone
models, it is impossible to take into account conflicting relationships and relationships
between functional nodes: for example, in some configurations, such connections
increase the efficiency of the FANET operation while in others they decrease. Such a
model can not be operated if there are nodes, which simulnataneously increase, for
example, reliability or security, and the others are the cause of failures or critical situ-
ations, that is, they have the opposite, harmful effect on the security of the FANET as
a whole.
4 Algorithmic Support
Figure 3 shows a general view of the algorithm that implements the above principles.
It is important to emphasize that there are a number of additional steps that are not
given in Figure 3. These, in particular, are: research tasks on monotony, homogeneity,
equivality of FANET structures based on the policy of functional definitions of the
basic configuration; assessment of node failure criticality; parametric synthesis of the
initial structural architecture of the FANET; multicriteria analysis of node failure
criticality; analytical and simulation modeling of the conditions of structural and func-
tional reconfiguration; constructing classes of equival structural reconfiguration sce-
narios and isolating reference scenarios.
71
Start
Standard FANET operation mode
Waiting Δt
Is problem
No Yes
identified?
Construction of reference structural Construction of reference optimistic and
and functional FANET pessimistic scenarios of structural and
reconfiguration under which the functional FANET reconfiguration under
best conditions for basic function destructive influence on critical functional
performance are created nodes
Scenario application
Is basic function
Yes accomplished? No
Waiting Δt
Is basic function
No Yes End
accomplished?
Fig.3. Block diagram of supporting algorithm
5 Simulation Modeling
In the simulation modeling, authors-initiated scenarios for the operation of a group of
mobile objects [6, 16] and known software models [17] are used, taking into account
the developed algorithmic design.
Let one of the FANET nodes B be connected to the control node A, to which all
the collected data are sent. Control node A carries out a control over the FANET and
monitors the state of its nodes. The interaction of the FANET nodes is based on the
mesh principle [18, 19]. The FANET continuously transmits a data flow. The most
stringent requirements for the quality of service, equipment and parameters of the
FANET are renderd by nonelastic kind of data. Therefore, in order to improve the
efficiency of the FANET, it is advisable to take into account the features of such data.
The model uses physical 802.11 technology at physical and channel levels. The
Yans software package is applied as a simulator, which uses the Monte Carlo method.
72
One of the factors that determines the degree to which the FANET simulation model
is based on mobile nodes is the choice of an adequate model for location of mobile
network devices. In the process of choosing a mobility model, the following points
are usually taken into account: the desire to adequately consider the features of the
movement of nodes from the point of view of their impact on the aspects of traffic
transmission in the network; the need to consider resource constraints and the impact
of the detailed description of the movement on the complication of the FANET model
in general; the ability to take into account the requirements for reconfiguring the
FANET topology in case of a failure of the nodes with the help of the chosen system
of parameters. In the framework of this work, the well-known Gaussian-Markov
model of nodes mobility is used [17]. This model is the one with memory, that is, the
current position of the node in it takes into account its position in the previous step.
The movement of mobile nodes in a model is limited to the zone of action of the
coordinating node A, where the node changes the direction of its movement after
reaching its boundaries. The advantage of the model is the formation of movement
trajectories smoothed in speeds and directions, the ability to vary the parameters of
movement and the degree of non-determinism of the model, for example, for optimal
accounting the influence of external factors that cause deviation of the node from the
calculated lanes.
The ns-3 simulation system has been chosen as the basic tool for simulation model-
ing [17]. The total time of FANET simulation is 200 s. The transfer of useful data and
the exchange of official information between nodes begins in the interval between the
10th and 11th seconds and lasts until the end of the simulation. Traffic transmission is
simulated by the flow of JUDP datagrams at the data transfer rate of 1024 Mbit/s. To
simulate the flow at the output of the node B, the sequence of packets of fixed length
is set to 1024 bits. When simulating, nodes move randomly in the area of 500x500 m;
the number of nodes is 11 (1 control node (A), 1 node (B), 3 relay nodes - (C), 6 data
logger nodes (D)); node movement speed - up to 20 m/s; transmitter power - 8 dBm;
routing protocol - AODV. The basic FANET topology is shown in Figure 4. At the
25th and 100th seconds in the FANET two nodes are lost: the relay node and the data
logger node.
As a result of the experiment, the dependence of the intensity of data entry on node
A on time (Fig. 5) was obtained. Descriptive part of events in different time intervals
is shown in Table. 1
73
Fig.4. The basic topology of the FANET under study.
Fig.5. Structural diagram of network characteristics.
74
Table 1. Events in the FANET during the experiment
Time range Event
0-10 s Deploying the FANET.
11-18 s Setting up the basic FANET configuration, constructing a
routing table.
19-25 s Data transmission.
25-30 s Failure of node the C3. FANET assessment of a situation.
30-34 s Reconfiguration of data flows between the nodes D4–C2.
35-42 s Movement of node the C2 to the point of the former node C3
43-50 s Data transmission under the new configuration.
51-100 s Reducing the intensity of the flow of service data.
101-102 s Failure of the node D6. FANET assessment of a situation.
103-121 s Change location of the nodes D4 and D5.
122-187 s Data transmission under the new configuration. Reducing
the intensity of the service data flow.
187-200 s Broadcast message about the return of nodes to the base.
Structural and functional reconfiguration, according to the algorithmic description,
should take several seconds, however, the abnormal failure rates of the packet trans-
mission on the curve lasted up to 4 seconds ( ). At node speeds of about 10 m/s,
this is explained probably due to the inability to instantly reach the required position,
taking into account the density and mobility of the nodes, or the long connection
when the node-data logger is released from the zone of direct reach to the relay node.
Based on the graph (Figure 4), we can conclude that the use of structural and func-
tional reconfiguration, in general, leads to a significant improvement in the quality of
transfer of non-elastic traffic from the nodes of the FANET.
It should be noted that in this experiment, even with the highest value of the num-
ber of nodes, the percentage of service traffic is less than 5%. This may be, first of all,
due to the fact that the FANET model developed in this study is rather simplified
compared to the actual FANET and does not consider the presence of “background”
data from other nodes as well as service information that is not related to routing.
6 Conclusions and Recommendations
The analysis of the FANET topology reconfiguration to ensure its survivability is
relevant nowadays. Existing formulations of the task of reconfiguration are characte-
rized by high dimensionality and do not take into account most of the operations. In
order to consider the features of the FANET management, general and partial re-
quirements for the development of new principles, models, methods and techniques of
multicriteria assessment, analysis and selection of structural and functional reconfigu-
ration of the FANET topology are formulated and substantiated. The analysis of these
requirements allowed formulating the direction of the aggregate-decomposition ap-
proach to solving the problem of structural and functional reconfiguration of the
FANET topology.
75
The simulation results of FANET showed that the developed method is working
and provides data transmission in case of a failure of network nodes. At the same
time, there is a need to refine algorithmic supporting in order to approximate it from
theoretical calculations to the real FANET. This can be achieved by entering service
data from other nodes, accounting for non-routing service traffic, applying data of Big
Data class, etc [20]. As a mobility model, it is recommended to use a more organized
algorithm for nodes. For example, enter a task for nodes B to correct the position of
nodes D. It is desirable to introduce routing protocols more adapted to FANETs into
the simulation model.
The research is carried out within the framework of the implementation of the fun-
damental research work "Creation of Scientific and Methodological Foundations for
Ensuring Survivability of Network Information Exchange Systems in Conditions of
External Influence of High-frequency Microwave Radiation" on the basis of the edu-
cational and scientific Laboratory of Reconfigurable and Mobile Systems of the De-
partment of Electronic Computers in Kharkov National University of Radio Electron-
ics.
Reference
1. T. Kuhn The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, Ill.: The University of Chicago
Press, 2015.
2. Singh K., Verma A. K. Flying Ad hoc Networks Concept and Challenges //Encyclopedia
of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, IGI Global, 2018, pp. 6106-6113.
3. Mukherjee A. et al. Flying Ad hoc Networks: A Comprehensive Survey // Information and
Decision Sciences, Springer, Singapore, 2018, pp. 569-580.
4. İ. Bekmezci, O. Sahingoz and Ş. Temel, "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs): A survey",
Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1254-1270, 2013. – DOI:
10.1109/EDM.2018.8434973.
5. A. Leonov and G. Litvinov, "Simulation-Based Packet Delivery Performance Evaluation
with Different Parameters in Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET) using AODV and OLSR",
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1015, p. 032178, 2018. – DOI:
10.1109/EDM.2018.8434973.
6. I. V. Ruban, G. I. Churyumov, V. V. Tokarev, V. M. Tkachov, "Provision of Survivability
of Reconfigurable Mobile System on Exposure to High-Power Electromagnetic Radia-
tion", Selected Papers of the XVII International Scientific and Practical Conference on In-
formation Technologies and Security (ITS 2017), CEUR Workshop Processing, pp. 105-
111, November 30, 2017.
7. Pavlov A. N. Metodologicheskiye osnovy resheniya problemy planirovaniya struktur-no-
funktsional'noy rekonfiguratsii slozhnykh ob"yektov // Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh
zavedeniy. Priborostroyeniye. – 2012. – T. 55. – №. 11. – Pp. 7-13.
8. Dodonov A.G., Kuznetsova M.G., Gorbachik Ye.S. Vvedeniye v teoriyu zhivuchesti vy-
chis-litel'nykh sistem. – K.: Nauk. dumka, 1990. – 184 s.
9. A.G. Dodonov, D.V. Lande Zhivuchest' informatsionnykh sistem. – K.: Nauk. dumka,
2011. – 256 s.
10. Mehta, Komal, and Raju Pal. "Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor
Networks: A Survey." Energy 165.3 (2017).
76
11. Yeremenko O., Lemeshko O., Persikov A. Secure Routing in Reliable Networks: Proactive
and Reactive Approach. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing II, CSIT 2017,
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer, Cham. 2018. Vol. 689. P. 631–
655. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70581-1_44.
12. Lemeshko O., Yeremenko O. Enhanced method of fast re-routing with load balancing in
software-defined networks. Journal of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. 2017. Vol. 68,
Issue 6. P. 444–454. DOI: 10.1515/jee-2017-0079.
13. Ruban, K. Smelyakov,V Martovytskyi, D. Pribylnov and N. Bolohova Method of neural
network recognition of ground-based air objects // IEEE 9th International Conference on
Dependable Systems, Services and Technologies (DESSERT), 24-27 May 2018. – P. 589-
592. DOI: 10.1109/DESSERT.2018.8409200
14. Romashkova O.N. Zhivuchest' besprovodnykh setey svyazi v usloviyakh chrezvychaynoy
si-tuatsii / O.N. Romashkova, Ye.V. Dedova // T-Comm: Telekommunikatsii i Transport,
2014. – №6. – S. 40-43.
15. D. Vasiliev, A. Abilov and V. Khvorenkov, "Peer selection algorithm in flying ad hoc
networks", 2016 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications
(SIBCON), 2016. – DOI: 10.1109/SIBCON.2016.7491734.
16. G. Churyumov, V. Tokarev, V. Tkachov and S. Partyka, "Scenario of Interaction of the
Mobile Technical Objects in the Process of Transmission of Data Streams in Conditions of
Impacting the Powerful Electromagnetic Field", 2018 IEEE Second International Confe-
rence on Data Stream Mining & Processing (DSMP), 2018. – DOI:
10.1109/DSMP.2018.8478539.
17. Dorokhova A. A., Paramonov A. I. Issledovaniye trafika i kachestva obsluzhivaniya v sa-
moorganizuyushchikhsya setyakh na baze BPLA // Informatsionnyye tekhnologii i tele-
kom-munikatsii. – 2016. – T. 4. – №. 2. – S. 12-25.
18. Lemeshko O., Yeremenko O., Nevzorova O. Hierarchical Method of Inter-Area Fast Re-
routing. Transport and Telecommunication Journal. 2017. Vol. 18, Issue 2. P. 155–167.
DOI: 10.1515/ttj-2017-0015.
19. Yeremenko O. S., Lemeshko O. V., Nevzorova O. S., Hailan A. M. Method of Hierarchic-
al QoS Routing Based on the Network Resource Reservation. Electrical and Computer En-
gineering (UKRCON): Proceedings of the First Ukraine Conference, Kiev, Ukraine, 29
May – 2 June, 2017. IEEE, 2017. P. 971–976. DOI: 10.1109/UKRCON.2017.8100393.
20. K. Smelyakov, D. Pribylnov, V. Martovytskyi, A. Chupryna Investigation of network in-
frastructure control parameters for effective intellectual analysis // IEEE 14th International
Conference on Advanced Trends in Radioelecrtronics, Telecommunications and Computer
Engineering (TCSET), 20-24 Feb. 2018. – P. 983-986. DOI:
10.1109/TCSET.2018.8336359