Proceedings of the 1st EXplainable AI in Law Workshop XAILA 2018
                                        (http://xaila.geist.re)



                                               Preface


Explainable AI (XAI) has become a prominent research topic during the last few years. Unprecedented
development of AI systems and increase of their impact on social life gives raise to important legal
and ethical questions. AI algorithms are used to support decision processes, and sometimes they
automatically make decisions that may in principle infringe the rights of individuals. The topic of
explainability in AI is located on the intersection of computer science, ethics and jurisprudence and it
naturally triggers interdisciplinary research questions. How should the notion of explainability
(interpretabiity, transparency) of AI be understood? Is there a “right to explanation” of the work of
algorithms and if so, how should it be regulated and implemented in practice? What engineering
features should a system satisfy to count as “explainable” one? What is the relation between
explanation, argumentation and justification in AI systems? How does the discussion on XAI affect the
legal applications of machine learning? What values are relevant in the process of design and
implementation of AI systems and how should they be protected? How the discussion on
explainability influences the multi-faceted notion of AI itself?

The first edition of the XAILA (eXplainable AI and Law) workshop was held on December 12 2018 at
the 31st International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems - JURIX 2018
(http://jurix2018.ai.rug.nl) in Groningen. The workshop was devoted to the discussion of the above
mentioned and similar topics. The event attracted significant attendance (more than 30 participants)
and 8 papers (6 regular ones and 2 short ones) that were accepted in the comprehensive review
process. Upon invitation from the organizers, Professor Bart Verheij from the University of Groningen
kindly agreed to deliver a keynote lecture entitled Good AI and Law, the abstract of which is
published in this proceedings. The remaining part pf the volume present revised versions of papers
that were discussed during the workshop.

In his paper Harašta discusses legal technology specific regulations and their relation to the concept
of Explainable AI. Next, Sileno et. al propose the concept of normware as a foundation of trustworthy
and AI systems. Van Otterlo and Atzmueller discuss important requirements as well as design criteria
for providing explainability of AI systems in the legal context. One of the solution for this problem are
formalized argumentation systems discussed by Araszkiewicz and Nalepa. Another formal model
applied in the legal AI, based on description logics is presented by Alkmim et. al. Moreover, Yamin and
Katt emphasize ethical and legal issues in the development of autonomous adversaries in the cyber
domain. In their short paper Araszkiewicz and Żurek present a dialogical framework for disputed
issues in legal interpretation. Finally, Žolnerčíková discusses challenges of homologation of
autonomous machines from a legal perspective.

The editors wish to thank the organizers of Jurix 2018 as well as the member of the international
program committee for their support of XAILA!
Editors:

               Grzegorz J. Nalepa, Jagiellonian University, AGH University of Science and Technology

               Martin Atzmueller, Tilburg University

               Michał Araszkiewicz, Jagiellonian University

               Paulo Novais, University of Minho Braga




Program Committee of XAILA 2018

Martin Atzmueller, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Michal Araszkiewicz, Jagiellonian University, Poland
Kevin Ashley, University of Pittsburgh, USA
Szymon Bobek, AGH University, Poland
Jörg Cassens, University of Hildesheim, Germany
David Camacho, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
Pompeu Casanovas, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
Colette Cuijpers, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Rafał Michalczak, Jagiellonian University, Poland
Teresa Moreira, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
Paulo Novais, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
Grzegorz J. Nalepa, AGH University, Jagiellonian University, Poland
Tiago Oliveira, National Institute of Informatics, Japan
Martijn von Otterlo, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Adrian Paschke, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
Jose Palma, Univesidad de Murcia, Spain
Monica Palmirani, Università di Bologna, Italy
Radim Polčák, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
Marie Postma, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Juan Pavón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Ken Satoh, National Institute of Informatics, Japan
Erich Schweighofer, University of Vienna, Austria
Piotr Skrzypczyński, Poznań University of Technology, Poland
Dominik Ślęzak, Warsaw University, Poland
Michal Valco, University of Presov, Slovakia
Tomasz Żurek, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin, Poland