=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2382/ICT4S2019_paper_33
|storemode=property
|title=Validation Study of a Framework for Sustainable Software System Design and Development
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2382/ICT4S2019_paper_33.pdf
|volume=Vol-2382
|authors=Shola Oyedeji,Birgit Penzenstadler,Mikhail O. Adisa,Annika Wolff
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ict4s/OyedejiPAW19
}}
==Validation Study of a Framework for Sustainable Software System Design and Development==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2382/ICT4S2019_paper_33.pdf
Validation Study of a Framework for Sustainable
Software System Design and Development
Birgit Penzenstadler
Shola Oyedeji
Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science,
LUT School of Engineering Science (LENS)
California State University Long Beach
LUT University Long Beach, USA
Lappeenranta, Finland LUT School of Engineering (LENS)
shola.oyedeji@lut.fi
LUT University
Lappeenranta, Finland
Mikhail .O. Adisa birgit.penzenstadler@csulb.edu
IT Service Management Consultant
IT Solutions Annika Wolf
Abuja, Nigeria
LUT School of Engineering Science (LENS)
olamikhx@gmail.com LUT University
Lappeenranta, Finland
annika.Wolff@lut.fi
Abstract—Sustainability in software design is an evolving area Though there is no direct mention of software sustainability in
that requires more practical guidance on how software engineers the 17 SDGs, software as a catalyst for all sectors of the econ-
and businesses could innovate and design software systems that omy [7] serves as a key element for the implementation and
consider sustainability as a guiding principle for supporting a actualization of those SDGs. According to the 2016 mobile
sustainable environment, reducing the negative impact of ICT
industry impact report [8], the United Nations Sustainable De-
and at the same time promoting software system design for sus-
tainability. This paper presents our early results for validating a velopment Goals provide the opportunity for engagement to
Framework for Sustainability of Software System Design address the most pressing global challenges, but they cannot be
(FSSSD) based on the Software Sustainability Design Catalogue realized without the business community. The report stresses
(SSDC). The SSDC exemplifies the use of Karlskrona Manifesto the need for companies to implement the SDGs, working with
principles for sustainability design and how to promote sustaina- governments and the international community to expand con-
bility design principles for software systems. nectivity, lower barriers to access, and build a future of dignity
Index Terms—Sustainable design, sustainability, software and opportunity, where no one is left behind and ensure that
sustainability, information and communication technology, tools and applications are developed with vulnerable communi-
Karlskrona manifesto, Sustainability design principles
ties in mind [8].
Sustainable development is also driving software innova-
I. INTRODUCTION tions for creating new opportunities of cutting costs, adding
Sustainability is receiving a wide range of research from value and for gaining competitive advantage [9]. García-Berna
different sectors. Currently, there is not enough research results et al. [10] points out the practices applied by practitioners in
with guidelines and frameworks to support software designers companies for sustainability and the need for standards as a
and companies on how to design and develop software with way of seeking more sustainable software businesses. The im-
sustainability at the core [1]. One of the main problems for portance of sustainability as a driving force for companies is
sustainability in software design is that for software designers further highlighted in these reports: Sustainability Nears a Tip-
there are few existing tools that wrap core principles of sustain- ping Point [11]; Ericsson energy and carbon report [12]; Mi-
ability together which can support effective software sustaina- crosoft 2015 Citizenship Report [13]. In summary, software is
bility design and development [2]. For companies, the chal- a core of all human activities today and a major facilitator in
lenge is that there is little understanding of how sustainability the way humans produce and use products and services [14].
can be understood by software and requirements engineering The way software is designed and the requirements to ensure
professionals to facilitate sustainability design as an established sustainability in software design are factors that are challenging
part of the software development process within companies for software designers, requirement engineers and companies
[3][4][5]. [15].
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) [6] in 2015 got The Karlskrona Manifesto for Sustainability Design
signed by more than 190 world leaders, this shows the im- (KMSD) [16] was initiated as a starting point for tackling this
portance of sustainability today in all aspects of our lives. challenges in software engineering. Based on these KMSD
principles and the Software Sustainability Design Catalogue The challenges covered in this background section motivate
(SSDC) [1], the Framework for Sustainability of Software Sys- the application of FSSSD to two case studies in order to show
tem Design (FSSSD) was created [1]. This paper presents the and suggest how to better support sustainability in software
first results of applying the Framework for Sustainability of design and development.
Software System Design (FSSSD) [1].
The next section covers related research work. Section III III. STUDY DESIGN FOR FRAMEWORK VALIDATION
presents the study design. Section IV covers the first case study This section describes the Framework for Sustainability of
and section V details the second case study. Discussion is in Software System Design (FSSSD) and the rationale behind
section VI and concluding remarks in section VII. choosing the two case studies used in the research.
II. BACKGROUND
Software development practices and processes that are
widely used in industry for software design and development
lack in addressing sustainability [17]. There is currently no
single point of reference for researchers and practitioners where
the sustainability measures are gathered and exemplified [26].
The issue of lack of understanding on how to effectively and
efficiently integrate the different sustainability dimensions
(economic, social, individual, environmental and technical) Figure 1. Framework for Sustainability of Software System Design (FSSSD)
[18] into software design, development and wider engineering [1]
processes [9] [19] has hindered the adoption of sustainability in
The FSSSD (Figure 1) was created to assist developers to
software development.
incorporate sustainability goals and requirements during soft-
There have been different research efforts suggesting the
ware system design and development covering the software
need to further research on how sustainability can be supported
development life-cycle (SDLC) phases. For the purpose of bet-
in software requirements and design stages for all the different
ter understanding, the FSSSD (Figure 1) is transformed into
sustainability dimensions [20] [21] [22]. Further research also
tabular form (Table 1) [1].
shows sustainability requires multidimensional and interdisci-
plinary approach [3][7][23][24][25] in order to fully achieve
TABLE I. FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF SOFTWARE SYSTEM
sustainability in software design, development and measure- DESIGN (FSSSD) [1]
ment.
SDLC phases Sustainability Sustainability Indicators
From the requirements engineering phase, sustainability has and KMSD goals concepts, Meth-
been considered as a non-functional requirement [26][27][28], principles ods and Tools
and Roher et al. [29] suggests the use of sustainability require- Phase 1. Design for biomimicry, sus- Carbon footprint,
ment patterns (SRPs) as a way to guide software requirements Project Defini- sustainable tainable business material foot-
tion, efficiency, canvas print, end of life
engineers in eliciting sustainability requirements in the re- reusability footprint.
P1, P2 and P3
quirements engineering process. However, there is a lack of Phase 2. Increase sus- Helix of sustaina- Total number of
examples to show how these are applied in the industry. User Require- tainability bility. sustainability
Researchers from the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) ments Defini- awareness requirements,
community believe sustainable HCI can facilitate and support tion, among users. priority assign to
P2 sustainability
sustainability in the design and development of new interfaces requirements.
to promote sustainability awareness [30]. Froehlich et al. [31] Phase 3. Design for Cradle to cradle, Total number of
show eco feedback can serve as a key way of promoting sus- System Re- efficiency, Goal model. system goals
tainability awareness among users of software systems. One quirements sustainability relating to sus-
Definition, awareness and tainability di-
key example of an eco-feedback application [32] shows a posi- P4, and P5 interoperability. mensions.
tive result in persuading and changing users habit towards sus- Phase 4. Design for Life-cycle sustain- Number of first-,
tainability. Successful application of eco feedback is when in- Analysis and reuse and effi- ability assessment, second- and
formation has been tailored to encourage users towards sustain- Design, ciency, locali- social return on third-order im-
ability through user emotional engagement [33] [34]. P2, P4, P6 and zation, interop- investment, sus- pacts of system
P8 erability tainability analysis identified.
Some of the design issues in design of sustainability for radar chart
better user experience of software systems are highlighted by Phase 5. Design for Biomimicry, cra- Number of cod-
Kem-Laurin [35]. Kem-Laurin propose the use of sustainability Development, reuse, design dle to cradle ing choices
user experience framework as a way to guide designers to miti- P2 and P4 for module influenced by
replicability, sustainability,
gate these problems. The challenge according to Eli Blevis [36] design for number of fea-
and Fallman [37] is that sustainability is not yet a core part of efficiency, tures (functions)
HCI. This has hindered the ability of designers to properly sustainability added to systems
evaluate design choices for software systems especially with awareness, to inform users
efficiency, about sustaina-
the different sustainability dimensions. design for easy bility through
service and functions like tions are done manually from each branch and those applica-
maintenance eco feedback. tions are sent via courier service to the head office. This usually
Phase 6. Design for easy Cradle to cradle, How much in-
Integration and assembly and sustainability formation from
causes the following problems:
Testing, disassembly, analysis radar sustainability 1. Zonal managers don’t have direct access to know the
P2 and P4 design for chart, life-cycle analysis chart status of applications submitted through them and
durability sustainability was used during have to directly place phone calls to the Head office to
assessment integration and
testing such as know the application status.
the number of 2. Customer service staff are unable to know why an ap-
systems func- plication is pending, unless they contact the benefit
tions tested department.
against sustaina-
bility concerns 3. Time consumption, as all status updates are through
such as the first- customer service at the head office alone.
order (immedi- 4. Files can go missing in transit because application
ate) impact,
files are handled manually.
possible second-
order (enabling) 5. Double application and too much physical involve-
and potential ment because of follow up in person
third order The company intended to develop a new pension benefit
(structural) im-
pacts of the
application tracker application for these key stakeholders, the
system benefit department, the customer service unit, the zonal manag-
Phase 7. Design for easy Biomimicry, cra- The priority ers and the clients with the aim of:
Implementation, use, design to dle to cradle assign to sustain- 1. Identifying ways of improving the pension benefit
P5 and P7 induce con- ability by devel-
application process and enhance communication.
scious sustain- opers and the
ability aware- system own- 2. Designing and implementing a web-based solution
ness, design to ers/users during that will ensure effective and efficient benefit pro-
educate users after implemen- cessing for users.
about sustaina- tation
bility, design
The below Figure 2 is the first Use case diagram for the ap-
for easy recy- plication.
cle.
Phase 8. Proper design Life-cycle sustain- Number of im-
Sustainment/ for serviceabil- ability assessment, provements to
Maintenance, ity, design for sustainability system based on
P9 easy replace- analysis radar sustainability
ment of code chart, cradle to requirements
modules, de- cradle. either from us-
sign for contin- ers’ feedback or
uous user en- developers.
gagement
through sus-
tainability
awareness.
The approach applied in the selection of each case study
was to choose two different case studies where one case study
has the ultimate goal of sustainability from the beginning and
the other case study uses the framework to improve an existing
system.
The goal is to see what difference will occur from these two
different case studies in different application context. The first
case study - about a pension benefit tracker application - does Fig 2. Use Case diagram pension benefit tracker
not have sustainability as the central core and the second case
study - about an energy usage display for university staff and Figure 2 shows the use case diagram of the system for pen-
students - is motivated by sustainability. sion benefit tracker application after initial analysis. Figure 3
presents the process model of the pension benefit application
IV. CASE STUDY ONE: PENSION BENEFIT TRACKER after a second analysis, factoring in all the aforementioned
APPLICATION problems without using FSSSD. Figure 3 shows that sustaina-
The pension benefit tracker is an application from a pension bility was not the core of this case study, based on the process
company in Nigeria that wants to track pension benefit applica- model, as stakeholders are just interested in solving the prob-
tions submitted by clients from all over the company’s branch- lems stated in the case study.
es in different states of Nigeria. Currently, the pension applica- Table 2 presents the details for applying FSSSD to the pension
benefit tracker application (case study one). The documentation
for this case study using FSSSD covers the project initiation,
user requirements and system requirements phases only (see
Table 2) because that is the current development stage of the
project.
Fig 3. New Process Model for Pension Application after second analysis
TABLE II. APPLICATION OF FSSSD IN CASE STUDY ONE
SDLC Phases and Karlskrona Manifesto Prin- Sustainability Goals Sustainability Con- Indicators /Measure / Metric
ciples cepts, Methods and
Tools
Phase 1. Project Definition Design for: Motivated by the 1. How many state branches can
Provide end users with easy to use interface for Easy integration, cradle to cradle easily integrate the systems with
tracking pension payment, ensure each module Reusability, approach ensuring less Backlog Management Index
for tracking can be updated to include new Developers work satisfaction, that the pension (BMI)?
branches, Maintainability, tracker application is 2. What is the number of reports
Provide flexibility such as bulk and single up- Energy efficiency design and devel- from IT staff about how to im-
load, ensure easy integration with other existing oped in a way that it prove system energy efficiency?
pension systems, present report of system usage can be reused for
to track energy consumption in a way to educate future pension relat- 3. How satisfied are the devel-
users about sustainability, add bug reports ed purposes and opers with the development of
easily integrated the application
with other bigger
pension system
within the company
Phase 2. User Requirements Definition Reduce development cost, Sustainability re- How efficient is benefit depart-
1. Provide tracking of pension benefit payment increase efficiency quirement Template ment able to track new pension
application from request submission to payment benefit applications and send
2. Status notification should be sent to users after notification successfully
each stage of the pension benefit application
Phase 3. System Requirements Definition Design for efficiency, sustain- Social and individu- 1. How satisfied are users with
1. The pension tracker application should be ability awareness al dimension of visual problem with the magni-
accessible online via web at any branch sustainability fying display?
2. The application should have ability to enable
Managers, pensioners and other stakeholders 2. Do users use the option of
check application status email notification and does it
3. Provide automatic status communication and reduce company cost for sending
notification at each stage of benefit application SMS?
4. Allow bulk or single file upload 3. How many positive responses
5. Provide SMS authorization from managers in came from users base on the
benefit department “Save the planet, Reduce envi-
6. Send SMS notification to applicants ronmental waste” tag message?
7. Send Incomplete documentation notification to
benefit department staff 4. How many initiatives were
8. Provide email notification as an option for all suggested from IT department
users base on the system energy re-
9. Provide option of different display to magnify port?
fonts for users with visual problems
10. Provide option to preview pension applica-
tion and save electronically
11. Add a tag message below each notification
“Save the planet, Reduce environmental waste”
12. Provide energy report for system usage
5. An energy report that enables developers to improve
After application of the FSSSD with the sustainability de- efficiency (system requirement 12 in Table 2).
sign catalogue (SSDC), see Table 2, the IT department made
some changes to the system requirements such as addition of V. CASE STUDY TWO: ENERGY USAGE AND CARBON EMISSION
the following system requirements in Table 2, SDLC phase 3: DISPLAY FOR UNIVERSITY STAFF AND STUDENTS
1. Email notification option instead of only SMS func- This is a university setting project to raise the awareness of
tion as seen in Figure 3 in which only SMS is shown the public (university staff and students) about energy usage
(system requirement 8 in Table 2). and the carbon emissions through activities in the university.
2. Provide option of different display to magnify fonts The project requires a web application interface which will
for users with visual problems especially older staff display the energy usage and carbon emission. The goal is to let
(system requirement 9 in Table 2). the public know more about the electricity consumption of each
3. Provide option to preview pension application and building in the university and understand the relation between
save electronically instead of printing and filling lo- the electricity consumption and carbon emission (CO2).
cally to reduce cost, paper waste and energy usage Using the FSSSD, the involved students and their supervisors
(system requirement 10 in Table 2) documented the project to show how sustainability was consid-
4. Add a tag message below each notification “Save the ered in the project (see Table 3). Figure 4 shows the interface
planet, and reduce environmental waste” to raise sus- design for the project and Figure 5 covers an overview of the
tainability awareness among staff and clients (system sustainability business canvas for the project.
requirement 11 in Table 2).
TABLE III. FSSSD APPLICATION IN CASE STUDY TWO (ENERGY USAGE AND CARBON EMISSION DISPLAY FOR STAFF AND STUDENTS)
SDLC Phases and Karlskrona Manifes- Sustainability Goals Sustainability Concepts, Indicators /Measure
to Principles Methods and Tools
Phase 1. Project Definition Design for sustainability Sustainable Business Can- 1. What is the impact of the project
awareness, efficiency, vas was used to breakdown on promoting sustainability aware-
Raise awareness from the public (universi- reusability, easy integra- the project goals and scope ness within the university?
ty staff and students) about energy usage tion, into environment, society, 2. How many users participate in
and the carbon emissions through activities economy, process, value the weekly sustainability challenge?
in the university. maintainability and and people in order to have
better clarity on the sus- 3. What are the new initiatives from
energy efficiency departments towards sustainability
tainability goals of the
project and derive basic based on the application usage?
benchmarks for evaluating
the project at the end.
Phase 2. User Requirements Definition Increase sustainability Sustainability requirement 1. Can users see information about
awareness through ener- template ( template that energy usage and carbon emission?
1. Provide information on energy usage gy usage and carbon shows the sustainability
within the university emission information to analysis of the five dimen- 2. How effective is the weekly
users sions and the three orders sustainability challenge?
2. Show the carbon emission
of effects from the design 3. How many users participate in
3. Allow weekly sustainability challenge catalogue ) [1] the weekly sustainability challenge?
and show winners
4. Do users share their experience
4. Section for user community to connect via social media portal?
and discuss
5. Provide feature to share things to social
media
Phase 3. System Requirements Definition Design for sustainability Environmental, Social and 1. Can users understand the energy
awareness, maintainabil- individual dimension of and carbon emission information
1. Information about energy usage and ity and sustainability presented?
carbon emission should be available via
the central display screen and web portal energy efficiency 2. How easy can users join the
2. The application should translate the weekly challenge?
carbon emission data base on energy usage
into meaningful information for better user 3. Does the application to form
understanding such as distance between community of different sustainabil-
Lappeenranta and other cities ity goals?
3. The web interface should allow users 4. Can users successfully share
participate in the weekly challenge their weekly challenge on Facebook
and Twitter?
4. Users are able to share their weekly
challenge results via Facebook and Twit- 5. Does the API allow easy infor-
ter. mation access?
5. The application should allow users form
community of interest for different sus-
tainability goals.
6. Provide API to allow for easy integra-
tion with other applications
Phase 4. Analysis and Design Design for sustainability Sustainability analysis 1. What is the potential percentage
awareness, reuse, effi- radar chart was used for of energy usage reduction in the
1. Identify the first, second and third order ciency and localization the sustainability analysis university?
impact of the application on user energy to show the he first, second
usage and sustainability awareness and third (immediate, 2. What is the level of user aware-
enabling, and structural) ness overtime about energy usage
2. Find areas to improve the application and carbon emission?
implementation base on the different sus- impacts of the application.
tainability dimensions especially environ- 3. What is the impact of the user
ment, social and technical dimensions community for users’ motivation
towards sustainability within the
university?
Phase 5. Development Design for sustainability Cradle to cradle concept 1. What is the defect density of the
awareness, efficiency, influence the development application?
reuse, design for module to develop each module in
replicability, design for the application in a way 2. What is the energy efficiency of
easy service and mainte- that support evolution as the application?
nance user requirements changes 3. How many modules relating to
over time and ensuring sustainability awareness was suc-
sustainability is the core of cessfully developed?
all development
4. Can users successfully use the
application for all application func-
tions such as join a community,
participate and share weekly sus-
tainability results, understand dis-
played energy usage and carbon
emission information?
Fig 4.Sustainability awareness via energy usage interface
Fig 5. Sustainable Business Canvas for Case Study Two [38]
Case study two provides a different use of FSSSD as sus-
VI. DISCUSSION tainability is the core of the application design. As noted in [33]
For the project initiation in the first case study, normally [34], with better tailored information through eco feedback,
project managers will only evaluate projects by considering user habits can change positively towards sustainability over
whether the software system meets all user requirements after time. The second case study (see Table 3, Figures 4 and 5)
development and testing as a yardstick for satisfying all project shows the presentation of energy usage data converted into
requirements. The application of FSSSD in case study one (Ta- carbon emission. With the use of FSSSD as guide, the applica-
ble 2) shows that indicators used for evaluating the project up tion in case study two was designed in a way that the carbon
to the current development stage included the level of develop- emission information was displayed in order to educate users
er satisfaction (individual dimension of sustainability) and the about their energy consumption habits in each department. The
number of IT staff reporting on how to improve the system system presented the percentage of carbon emission in form of
energy efficiency (environment and technical dimension). This distance between one city to another with the goal to provide
confirms a new perspective towards software project evaluation better understanding for the public about the impact of their
with sustainability dimensions now considered by stakeholders energy consumption on the environment.
in case study one. The use of FSSSD also led to new system Feedback and comments (Table 4) from stakeholders in
requirements (Table 2) with the potential to improve the system case study one and two indicates that developers and engineers
efficiency and consideration of sustainability based on the sys- complained there are few industry case studies for software
tem context. development that shows how sustainability was applied. The
Based on the initial response from stakeholders in case second challenge was in motivating software requirements en-
study one, it indicates that as a company their major interest gineers and designers to incorporate the use of the new sustain-
was to check if FSSSD - as guide in the application of sustain- ability artifacts for sustainability in requirements and software
ability in software system design and development - would development because most of them are used to the old ways of
save them cost and improve staff productivity. The use of de- developing software systems and therefore require extensive
velopers satisfaction for the pension benefit tracker is one ex- discussion on the usage of the artifacts in FSSSD.
ample because the company believes if there is means of In general, the early feedback and comments (Table 4) from
checking staff satisfaction, it could offer a means of improving case study one and two shows that the Framework for Sustain-
working conditions which will in turn improve productivity ability of Software System Design (FSSSD) provides guidance
over time. This will help them reduce the cost of operations and support for sustainability in software design requirements
and improve profit margin. and development. The tools, methods and concepts provided as
sample in the framework helped in providing new insights into stakeholders to rethink their software project with sustainability
how sustainability can be incorporated into software project as a means of developing a better product that is cost effective
design and development especially the Sustainable Business over a long time and supports good corporate social responsi-
Canvas, Goal model, Sustainability Requirement Template, bility. Table 4 summarizes the feedback on the usage of FSSSD
Biomimicry, Cradle to cradle concept and Sustainability Anal- from the case studies.
ysis Radar Chat diagram. In addition, FSSSD also persuades
TABLE IV. DIRECT QUOTES FEEDBACKS AND COMMENTS FROM PARTICIPANTS AND STAKEHOLDERS IN USING FSSSD (CASE STUDY ONE AND TWO)
Role SDLC Phase Positive Challenges
CTO Project Definition 1. The SSDC was good way to understand the differ- 1. Very difficult to understand how to apply some of the
ent aspect of sustainability for different kind of soft- sustainability concepts because its new to me and my team
ware system. The SSDC made it possible for me and
my team to know more about sustainability in soft- 2. We have a challenge to find concrete examples online to
ware development with those guidelines provided for see how sustainability was applied to software project defini-
each software system. tion especially in industry
2. The FSSSD provides new insight for sustainability 3. It was challenging to give my staff additional task of read-
in software project with consideration of sustainabil- ing the Framework manual to understand how to apply it
ity principles
3. Combination of the SSDC and FSSSD provides an
avenue to consider our software impacts and see how
we can minimise it.
4. FSSSD introduces new methods for evaluating our
applications especially the environmental and indi-
vidual dimensions of sustainability
5. The Sustainable Business Canvas brings in a total-
ly new factors into software project definition with
sustainability concepts and dimensions as guide
Software User requirement 1. The sustainability requirement template was use- It was difficult at first to understand how to explain the dif-
developer, definition ful as guide during requirement gathering because it ferent dimensions of sustainability to key stakeholders (us-
Project coor- provides us with means of discussing sustainability ers) during discussion gathering requirements on how to
dinator with users and categorising user requirements base improve the existing system
on sustainability dimensions
System ana- System Require- 1. I was able to learn new things about how sustaina- 1. The only issue is lack of examples to show how sustaina-
lyst, software ments Definition bility can influence gathering system requirements bility has been used in different software requirements elici-
developer and identifying new system requirements using the tation at the beginning when using FSSSD but after couple of
FSSSD meetings discussing about sustainability with the research
guy things became clearer.
2. The goal model diagram is really a good tool to
breakdown sustainability goals base on requirements 2. Some of the research especially about sustainability in
into business, usage and system goal. system requirements I saw on google from some researchers
are too complex to apply
3. The goal model diagram made it easy to explain,
discuss and improve the project goals and system
requirements using the business, usage and system
goal diagram.
System ana- Analysis and 1. The sustainability goals and suggested tools from Brainstorming on how to connect the first, second and third
lyst, Pro- Design FSSSD was a good starting point to guide us during order impact in each of the sustainability dimensions was not
grammers, the analysis and design phase. easy because each of us have different views on what is the
Software right thing to put but eventually we looked at some of the
developer 2. The sustainability analysis radar chat was a new examples provided by the researcher guy in using FSSSD.
interesting tool because it shows some new require-
ments to add after brainstorming on each of the first,
second and third impacts
core of the general development methodology in companies.
VII. CONCLUSION Sustainability as a main principle and value provides a compet-
Software design and development in the real world is con- itive advantage for companies and software designers
tinuously changing with the adoption of new software devel- /developers but the major challenge is the lack of understand-
opment methods and paradigms, such as agile, to reduce the ing on how to institutionalize sustainability in software design
development time from different SDLC phases and shortened and development projects.
time to market. However, sustainability is currently not at the
This paper summarizes our early results on applying the at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-
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