The substantiation of the conceptual properties of complex technical systems (CTS) requires the use of knowledge of many engineering disciplines and the involvement of specialists from various subject areas. These properties are used for the implementation of the main functions, reliability and safety of CTS and can be substrate on the basis of the principle of self-organization. The technique of rule-based knowledge bases can be used for its implementation. The mechanism of self-organization involves the creation of a new computational structure for each object of investigation and interdisciplinary task to be solved.
The substantiation of conceptual properties of Complex Technical Systems (CTS) at
the initial stages of creation, which provide the principal possibility of implementing
functions, reliability and safety, requires the use of knowledge of many engineering
disciplines and involvement of specialists in various subject areas [
The most important technical solutions are substantiated at the early stages of the
CTS creation on the basis of conceptual properties. In turn, the formation of these
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properties requires the combination of knowledge from different subject domain and a
generalized formulation of interdisciplinary objectives and tasks. Thus, these
generalized objectives and tasks allow to a wide range of experts to participate in the
substantiation of new technical solutions. In this paper we make an attempt to present a set of
interdisciplinary tasks for the substantiation of properties of technogenic safety IDTDS
and reliability IDTIL. The principle of self-organization implemented in the form of
rules and KBs is used as the basis. Thus, we expand the area of application of the
selforganization principle [
One of the forms of implementation of the self-organization principle is the local rules
[
The principle of self-organization of CTS conceptual properties and their
components and elements is a process of formation of properties providing effective
functionality, reliability and safety on the basis of activation of relevant KBs and adequate
rule-based models necessary for realization of algorithm of calculation. Missing or
incomplete KBs and rules are created and supplemented directly in the process of
solving problems by a team of experts, both related branches of knowledge, and with
the participation of any expert. A special tool can be used for this purpose [
The mechanism of self-organization consists in the use of the "intelligent
scheduler" that forms a set of relevant and adequate KBs and CMs. This set depends on the
object of investigation and the certain interdisciplinary task and forms the
selforganizing behavior [
The main interdisciplinary objectives and tasks for the formation of the properties of CTS at different stages of their existence and information levels are represented by local rules that determine the principal composition of the required KBs and rules.
The model of the transdisciplinary tasks that uses the principle of self-organization presented in figure 1, where IDTDS 1 - IDTDS N are the interdisciplinary tasks for stages of dynamics of the state to substantiate the safety properties for the discrete values of time (examples of IDSs: "to determine the nature and probability of possible catastrophic failures"; "to calculate the possible consequences"; "to calculate the risk", and etc.); IDTIL1 – IDTIL M are interdisciplinary tasks of the information level to substantiate the properties of structural, strength and physical reliability and other, and valid parameters of degradation processes; IDT*ClS1.1 – IDT*ClS K. M are interdisciplinary tasks of critical states classes.
Let’s consider the content of KBs of the intelligent scheduler. The hierarchy of KBs corresponds to the hierarchy of selected tasks (Fig.1). These hierarchies are used for controlling the algorithms for creating and solving tasks:
KB_TDT → {KB_IDTIL1, …, KB_IDTIL М, KB_IDTDS1, …, KB_IDTDS K }, KB_IDTIL i → { KB_IDTIL ClS 1 i, …, KB_IDTIL ClS K i}, KB_IDTDS k → { KB_IDTDS ClS k1, …, KB_IDTDS ClS kM}, KBs for interdisciplinary tasks interact with KBs for disciplinary tasks: KB_IDT* k i → {KB_DT* k i j}, where → – means the interaction, * – indexes IL or DS.
…
…
TD T
…
DT*ClS
1.1 IDT*ClS
1.2 IIDT*ClS 1. M
IDT*ClS
2.1 IDT*ClS
2.2 IDT*ClS 2.M … … …
IDT*ClS
К.1 IDT*ClS
К.2 IDT*ClS К.M
I n f o r m a t i o n l e v e l The objectives and content of the tasks without detail are presented in the table 1. The knowledge bases listed provide: - to define the hierarchy of subtasks for certain task; - to formulate the task, i.e. to describe all elements, according to the proposed structure;
- to coordinate experts’ opinions for the hierarchy of tasks and the formulations of tasks; - to define algorithms for solving tasks at all levels, etc.
KBs of the transdisciplinary task (TDT) describe the methodology for the design of new technical systems in general.
Let's consider examples of KBs for solving interdisciplinary tasks of different levels. Let’s solve IDT* 2.1, consisting of DT* 2.1.1 = {DT* 2.1.1.1, DT* 2.1.1.2, ...}. These tasks are semi-structured and can be solved with the rule-based expert systems technique.
Composition and structure of
objectives and tasks s lev IL e O l ion ,sID t r a te rm em fon raap i ta te se tsa iv e t c th je f ob tso rch en
m a e e r se iu r q rayn treeh ilip tea c i s t i n tred tsab In ssu i
L I T D I , k s a t y r a n i l p i c s i d r e t n I
To substantiate the requirements for reliability that ensure properties of effective functioning
To substantiate the technical requirements that ensure the requirements of reliability
To substantiate the physical requirements that ensure technical requirements …
stages are to substantiate safety properties that provide an acceptable risk for each state stage, IDODS
To substantiate To substantiate the the properties of properties of safety safety in opera- in non-operational tional state dangerous state
safety for operational … … state for non-operational dangerous state
IDT*ClS-1.4
IDT*ClS-1.1
… for failure state IDT*ClS-2.1 IDT*ClS-2.4
IDT*ClS-3.1 … … …
IDT*ClS-3.4 … KBs for IDT * 2.1 contains information about the possible sequences of solving its subtasks and recommendations for effective solving.
To solve any task the researcher has to create a KB by team of experts or to use the existing one. If the researcher wants to obtain new results for a task then he/she has to expand the existing KB.
Let’s consider IDT*ClS 2.1: "to substantiate the technical requirements that provide the properties of mechanical reliability for the initial state", MDT*ClS
Let’s consider IDTDS 2.1: "to calculate the parameters of the technical safety properties for the initial state". Now this problem is solved by solving a set of disciplinary tasks, one of which is the task: "to assess the risk of emergency in the operable initial state" - DTDS 2.1.1. This task includes subtasks DTDS 2.1.1 = {DTDS 2.1.1.1, DTDS 2.1.1.2, DTDS 2.1.1.3…}, where DTDS 2.1.1.1: " to substantiate the probability of brittle fracture of material in construction", DTDS 2.1.1.2: " to substantiate the properties excluding the danger of brittle fracture", DTDS 2.1.1.3: "to calculate the consequences of failure due to brittle fracture in the initial state", and etc.
To obtain new results for the disciplinary task: "to assess the risk of emergency in the operable initial state» DTDS 2.1.1 = {DTDS 2.1.1.1, DTDS 2.1.1.2, DTDS 2.1.1.3…}, we have to edit an existing objective and algorithm and present them in the form of interdisciplinary tasks IDTDS ClS 2.1.1, for example as followings "to substantiate the set of safety properties of the object in violation of operating conditions and deviation of the properties of the object from the technical requirements". In this case, the previously formulated disciplinary tasks will be solved in the aspects of technogenic safety and accepted properties of the object (IDTIL ClS 2.1.1).
This fact demands to discuss the possible causes and consequences, that is, the causal complex of safety violations at the initial state, and find a solution in this generalized aspect.
An example of a rule-based model for a set of KB and CSs of IDTDS ClS 2.1.1 (a local rule of self-organization):
IF Failure of the element may cause emergency (KB of causes and factors of emergency) AND the technological medium is dangerous (DB of hazardous substances) AND the element must ensure the tightness of the medium (KB of ways to ensure tightness) AND it is required to eliminate the danger of brittle destruction (KB of fracture mechanics) THEN the criterion of "leak before failure" must be provided (KB of fracture mechanics).
Thus, the intelligent scheduler forms a set of relevant and adequate KB and CM for this task on the basis of the considered interdisciplinary tasks and their rule-based models. 3
The principle of self-organization is represented by local rules in the form of rulebased models reflecting the composition and purpose of a set of relevant KBs, which are necessary for solving interdisciplinary problems. Local rules are formed in accordance with the facts reflecting the objective of the task. The model of transdisciplinary task of substantiation of CTS conceptual properties is represented by a set of conceptual interdisciplinary tasks solved at the initial design stage. The main objectives and tasks for the formation of properties at different stages and information levels of the CTS existence are substantiated.
The principle of self-organization of CTS conceptual properties, components and elements is the process of forming properties that provide effective functionality, reliability and safety, based on the activation of relevant KB and adequate rule-based models. Missing or incomplete KB and rules are created and supplemented directly in the process of solving problems by a team of experts, both related branches of knowledge, and with the participation of any expert. A special tool can be used for this purpose.
Local rules implement processes of selection and interaction of KB and CM, which are designed for solving interdisciplinary tasks of different expertise and specialization.
The mechanism of self-organization consists in the use of the "intelligent scheduler" that forms a set of relevant and adequate KBs and CMs. This set depends on the object of investigation and the certain interdisciplinary task and forms the selforganizing behavior. 4
The reported study was partially supported by RFBR projects 18-07-01164, 18-0800560.