The authors present the Artificial Intelligence system of monitoring, diagnostic and according to the correction of the emotional state of patients during treatment. Monitoring of the current emotional state of the human, diagnostics of the deformations of emotional experience and determination of the operator's functional stability will allow timely prevent the development of the situation towards worsening. Developed Intellectual automated control system (IACS) to monitor the human condition, Expert System “Estimation of comfortable ergonomics for patients”
The life of modern people filled with different events, one-way or another involves
changes to the mental and emotional state. The manifestations of mental and
emotional states can be both positive and negative. The negative consequence considered
“burnout syndrome”. The nature of the emotional state significantly affects the
healing process of patients. It is very important to continuously monitor the emotional
state, timely diagnosis, and deformation of the emotional state of patients during
treatment. With a long process of recovery, patients experience fatigue and overwork,
which can be classified as burnout syndrome. This emotional state is the most
dangerous because it can lead to economic losses and irreversible consequences in their
professional activities. So, at the European Conference of the World Health Organization,
held in 2005, it noted that the cost of solving the problems of the mental and
emotional state of the working people of the European Union amounts to 3-4% of gross
national income [
The main reason for burnout considered a psychological, mental super fatigue. This occurs when the requirements (internal and external) for a long time dominated over resources (internal and external) a human equilibrium is disturbed, which inevitably leads to a syndrome of mental and emotional burnout. The connection of the identified changes to the nature of the professional activities involving responsibility for the fate, health, and lives of people is set. These changes interpreted as the result of exposure to prolonged occupational stress.
The psycho-emotional state is the human reaction to the relationship with the environment, expressed in terms of the appearance of his feeling comfortable or uncomfortable state. Independently recognize the state of burnout syndrome is impossible because of the conservatism of retardation and personality assessments. Therefore, scientists of different countries have developed a methodology for assessing the mental and emotional state, and developed tools for the independent qualification of this state [3; 4].
Now allocate about 100 symptoms, one way or another associated with the
syndrome of emotional burnout. First of all, it should be noted that the conditions of
professional activity can sometimes appear and cause chronic fatigue syndrome, which,
incidentally, is often accompanied by a syndrome of emotional burnout. In chronic
fatigue syndrome are typical complaints of patients: progressive fatigue, decreased
performance; poor tolerance of the previously usual loads; muscle weakness; muscle
pain; sleep disorders; headache; forgetfulness; irritability; decrease in mental activity
and ability to concentrate [
This publication is first offered to consider human (H) as a control object (CO), human state monitoring and diagnostics are based on the definition of the patient’s current state according to the analysis of phase portraits.
The authors' proposal introduces in medicine the methodology for assessing the
mental and emotional state that was used in aviation [5; 6]. Authors have experience
in aviation of operational determination of pilot’s emotional state deviations and
decision making in risk applied the concept of human mental activity, which is based on a
property of consciousness delay or accelerates the flow of subjective time relative to
real-time [
The first attempts to organize the monitoring of the crew of civilian liners relate to
the 70 years of the last century. Then in the USA on the recommendations of the
Ames Research Center (ARC) on the body of the pilot intended to place sensors of
objective medical and biological control of the body. Their purpose was to provide
various electrograms, the information of which in real-time on the communication
channels had to be transmitted to the earth, and the earth had to determine what is
really happening to the person, and in critical cases to take appropriate measures. The
attempt failed: the pilots did not want to have sensors and conducting a signaling
system on their body, firmly stating that the sensors would interfere with the work, so for
researchers, the first place came the problem of developing contactless systems for
assessing the state of the pilot in flight. Automatic recognition of human emotions is
very important in many applications. Emotions can display facial expression, voice,
stroke, pulse, blood pressure, etc. At the moment, it is developing models of machine
learning that can "feel" individual emotions [
In addition to monitoring the emotional state of a person, it is proposed to additionally use expert systems that can assist the experts during medical treatment.
The purpose of the publication are building an Expert system (ES) as Artificial Intelligence (AI) for estimation of priority of patients “Estimation of comfortable ergonomics for patients” using Expert Judgment Method (EJM);
the diagnostics of the mental and emotional state of a person; development of the algorithms of human psycho-emotional diagnosing and monitoring. 2
Expert systems for estimation of emotional state of patients
Expert Systems are software systems developed using different techniques of artificial
intelligence that can act parallel to the "human" experts. The main role is consultative.
Databases of such systems can contain a huge number of data about different diseases,
therapy modalities, corrects methods for care, etc. In the development of "Medical
Expert Systems", the rules and knowledge of human experts are crucial. The teams of
such experts are developing an Expert System considering the changes in medicine
and care methods. The Expert System is one of the varieties of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) [
The main task to develop this system - quantitative estimation of parameter’s
system using Expert Judgment Method (EJM) [
Example of estimation using EJM. Firstly, it was necessary to create a matrix of individual preferences of each expert. We determined the opinion of each expert and their systems of individual preferences are the following (Table 1). The system of preferences of expert No 1: S(R1 ) R1 R2 R3 ; R4 .
The next step was to gather all expert`s opinions and create the matrix of group preferences. As a result, the matrix of group preferences is the following (Table 2).
To determine the coordination of experts' opinions, it is necessary to calculate dispersion, squared deviation, and coefficient of variation. The results are in Table 3.
. ф2 > t 2 (3) The rating correlation coefficient of Spirman and Student's t-criterion. The seventh task is to compare the opinion of the group of experts and expert No 2 with the help of the rank correlation coefficient of Spirman (Table 4).
For operational determination of the pilot’s emotional state deviations and bias in
decision making (DM) in risk applied the concept of human mental activity, which is
based on a property of consciousness delay or accelerates the flow of subjective time
relative to real-time. Deformation of the emotional state defined using a priori model
of human- operator (H-O), based on actual material posterior studies of investigating
aviation accidents received by the International Aviation Committee (IAC) [
With the development and improvement of technology in modern Intellectual Automated Control Systems (IACS) the problem of effectively monitor the human state can be solved. This research was first offered to consider human as a control object, human state monitoring and diagnostics is based on comparison patient’s actual and normal state according to the analysis of phase portraits (see Fig. 2). The analysis and synthesis of the IACS are carried out in a similar way to poliergatic (man-machine) system [4; 7; 8], however, as a "control object"(CO) is a person (patient), "control device"(CD) is an element of control system or a doctor.
The Algorithm of human’s emotional monitoring and diagnostics 1. Definition of the phase portrait of human Hn – diagnosis of the normal condition by characteristics of performance, movement, communication, etc.
2. Introduction into circuit IACS of human parameters and real-time monitoring of human condition Hn.
3. 4. 5.
6. required.
7. 8.
9. tion), etc.
Analysis of IACS “control device (CD) – human Hn” (current condition): Determination of IACS “CD – human Hn” stability.
Determination of area of IACS “CD – human Hn” stability.
In case of violation of IACS "CD – human Hn" stability, system correction is Determination of characteristics of links for human condition correction. Synthesis of new corrected system IACS "CD – human Hn+1".
Analysis of new system IACS “CD – human Hn+1” (current human condiFor testing single system approach to the researching of polyergatic systems, it is advisable all diversity of management systems reduce to several typical systems, in which main elements are distinguished, and it's functioning should be estimated during the investigation of any system. Using dynamic modeling method for solving the problems of complex technical ergatic systems maintenance can lead to exactly the same models. The approach lies in the construction of the system of equations, which describing CO, H-O equations of the automatic control system (ACS), analysis of control system (CS) for the stability, synthesis of a new reliable system. IACS “CD – H” could be displayed by following the functional diagram (Fig. 3), which reflects activity human in case of H state monitoring, i.e. during changes of blood pressure H f, for example. During identification with the help of indicators of deviation ( = f – n) actual blood pressure f from defined pressure n of H, CD (or human (Doctor)) relevant information is analyzing and controlling action is defined until deviation disappears. Stability of IACS “CD – Human (Hn)” has been obtained with using criteria: Mikhailov, Nyquist, Hurwitz, area of stability for all coefficients and constants. Determination of IACS "CD – Hn" stability by the Mikhailov criterion. To find the hodograph by Mikhailov criterion it is necessary to put into a characteristic equation jw instead of p, received vector M(jw) as the sum of the actual P(w) and imaginary part:
М( р ) ( Т2 р 1)( Т3 р 1) К1К2К3Кind КCD( Т1 р 1) М( jw) (Т2 jw 1)( Т3 jw 1) К1К2К3Кind КCD( Т1 jw 1) P( w ) jQ( w ) (7) P( w ) 1 К1К2К3Кind КCD T2T3w
2
Q( w ) ( T2 Т3 К1К2К3Кind КCDТ1 )w
Where a real part is P(w) and the imaginary part is Q(w). According to the
characteristics of value P(w) and Q(w) Mikhailov’s hodograph has been built [
Synthesis of IACS on the basis of monitoring and diagnostics of human has been made by building a transition process. Indicators of quality of IACS and reliability of human have been defined: over-control, oscillations, time of adjusting, etc. With the help of IACS correction characteristic of the desired system has been obtained. Synthesis and adjustment of the system are planned through a variety of methods to improve human wellbeing and regulation of the human state. The intelligent automated control system of monitoring and diagnosis of the human condition that is being treated has been proposed. System IACS has been built with the help of dynamic modeling principles, the algorithm of human psycho-emotional diagnosing and monitoring (6) (8) (9) through IACS system has been provided. IACS subsystems have been formalized in the form of transmission functions and algorithm of modeling, analysis, and synthesis by methods of IACS automatic control theory has been developed.
An example of IACS modeling by analysis of the influence of the time constants and coefficients on the stability and reliability of the system, including and humans has been represented. Therefore, as a CO it is proposed to consider the human, for whom applying diagnosis and monitoring of H condition in comparison to its normal state by the analysis of phase portraits, we can develop methods for adjusting and improving the human condition.
In cases of large and complex data, methods can be integrated into traditional and
next-generation hybrid systems by processing unsupervised situation data in the deep
landscape models, potentially at high data rates and in near real time, producing a
structured representation of input data with clusters that correspond to common
situation types [
Controlling mental and emotional state becomes important for various professional groups of people, especially those related to risk (military, pilots, social workers, and others). This is due to the invisible appearance of this state, with heavy loss of individual and community, as well as the difficulty of self-establishing the state of mental and emotional causes of burnout. It is advisable to apply the methods of monitoring the emotional state in medicine. Existing therapeutic approaches based on the patient's part in the process of emerging from this state. In addition to the psychological impact on the patient needed: compliance work and rest, avoiding harmful habits, proper nutrition, clarifying professional and personal goals. Timely detection of the state of discomfort and constant control of the quality of life is possible when using special diagnostic equipment. Insufficient level of industrial development in this direction stimulates the search for new and effective solutions, the basic directions of the creation of technical solutions presented. The proposed method of monitoring and diagnostics the patient's emotional state can have a significant interest in medical institutions (hospitals, motels, hospitals, rehabilitation centers). The new system of monitoring and diagnostics IACS has been built with the help of dynamic modeling principles, the algorithm of human psycho-emotional monitoring and diagnostics has been provided. The IACS subsystems have been formalized in the form of transmission functions; algorithm of modeling, analysis, and synthesis of IACS by automatic control theory methods has been developed. Correction of emotion state proposed do use Expert systems, for example, in the article Expert System “Estimation of comfortable ergonomics for patients. Comfortable color characteristic of the room” presented. An example of IACS modeling by analysis of the influence of the time constants and coefficients on the stability and reliability of the system, including humans, has been represented. It is proposed to consider the human as a control object, to monitor and to diagnose human state on the base of the phase portraits analysis, which will make it possible to develop methods for its adjusting and improving. Monitoring of the current emotional state of H-O and diagnostics deformations of emotional experience in the forms of transitions to dangerous types of human activities (reasonable or emotional) in dangerous situations and determining the functional stability of system "CD - human" will allow timely prevent the development of critical situation towards worsening.