=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-2488/paper5
|storemode=property
|title=Concept of Intelligent Decision Support System in the Legal Regulation of the Surrogate Motherhood
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2488/paper5.pdf
|volume=Vol-2488
|authors=Tetiana Hovorushchenko,Alla Herts,Yelyzaveta Hnatchuk
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iddm/HovorushchenkoH19
}}
==Concept of Intelligent Decision Support System in the Legal Regulation of the Surrogate Motherhood==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2488/paper5.pdf
Concept of Intelligent Decision Support System in the
Legal Regulation of the Surrogate Motherhood
Tetiana Hovorushchenko 1[0000-0002-7942-1857], Alla Herts 2[0000-0002-3310-3159]
and Yelyzaveta Hnatchuk 3[0000-0003-2989-3183]
1, 3
Khmelnytskyi National University, Institutska str., 11, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
2
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Universytetska str., 1, Lviv, Ukraine
1
tat_yana@ukr.net
2
agerc@ukr.net
3
liza_veta@ukr.net
Abstract. The analysis of known decision support systems (DSS) in the field of
medical law showed that they don't solve the problem of decision support regard-
ing the possibility or impossibility of conducting a surrogate motherhood proce-
dure, although this paper shows the actuality and importance of this problem. So,
the aim of this study is to develop the concept of an intelligent decision support
system in the legal regulation of the surrogate motherhood. This article describes
the process of assessing the sufficiency of information for conducting the surro-
gate motherhood procedure and develops a conceptual scheme of the intelligent
DSS in the legal regulation of the surrogate motherhood. The proposed intelligent
DSS provides: a numerical assessment of the level of sufficiency of information
for conducting the procedure of surrogate motherhood; a conclusion on the suffi-
ciency or insufficiency of information for conducting the surrogate motherhood
procedure; a list of requirements and / or recommendations to be followed (if it's
possible) for conducting the surrogate motherhood; justified and legally correct
decision on the possibility or impossibility of conducting the surrogate mother-
hood procedure, taking into account absolutely all nowadays existing require-
ments and recommendations for conducting this procedure.
Keywords: Surrogate Motherhood, Legal Regulation, Medical Software, Soft-
ware for Medical Law, Intelligent Decision Support System (DSS), Sufficiency
of Information.
1 Introduction
One of the important indicators of the state of reproductive health of the population is
the possibility of having a child (children). Currently, 10 to 15 percent of Ukrainian
families suffer from infertility, leading to direct reproductive losses. One way to over-
come infertility is to use assisted reproductive technologies, such as surrogate moth-
erhood. The current legislation of different states is increasingly inclined to give infer-
tile couples the right to use the institution of surrogate motherhood and to regulate in
the national law the procedure for exercising this right and guarantees for the prote c-
Copyright © 2019 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
2019 IDDM Workshops.
tion of the rights of the surrogate mother. Almost all states of the USA, Canada, Bra-
zil, Argentina, Hong Kong, Australia, South Africa Republic, Israel, Greece, Roma-
nia, the United Kingdom, and Ukraine are an inexhaustible list of countries that allow
surrogate motherhood today. The prohibition of surrogate motherhood is enshrined in
legislation in France, Sweden, Hungary, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Switzerland,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Serbia.
Ukraine is one of the countries in which the assisted reproductive technologies are
permitted at the legislative level [1], although the legal regulation of the surrogate
motherhood in Ukraine is imperfect. The main problem of surrogate motherhood in
Ukraine is the lack of a clear mechanism of action, especially when program partici-
pants are the citizens of countries where such a procedure is prohibited [2]. The issue
of responsibility between the surrogate mother, the genetic parents, the doctors and
the mediators remains open, moreover not only under the law, but above all to the
child, who came into the world at someone's persistent desire, through medical ma-
nipulations of doctors. Therefore, in spite of the quite successful practice, there are
many controversial issues that require research and solution. In addition, the low
awareness of the population about the surrogate motherhood procedure generates
discussions and the emergence of misinformation, which is detrimental to its purpose
– the fight against infertility [3].
Today, the problem of developing medical software in Ukraine is urgent. The
successful introduction of this software will help doctors to quickly receive new
information on their specialty, will significantly increase the productivity of doctors,
will improve the efficiency of use of health care resources, will accelerate the
integration of Ukrainian medicine into the European medical space [4, 5]. Systems
based on artificial intelligence and machine learning that facilitate decision making in
health care are promising new tools in the era of ‘personalized’ or ‘precision’
medicine [6]. The paper [7] reviews the computerised decision support systems,
which are designed to support clinicians in making decisions and thereby enhance the
quality and safety of care.
Even more important is the development of multidisciplinary medical software,
which is developed at the intersection of the medical and other subject domains – for
example, software for medical law. But in the process of formulation of requirements
for such software, significant information losses occur due to incomplete and different
understanding of the needs and context of information, since standards for software
development and standards of subject domains of medicine and law need to be taken
into account [8].
Let's review the known decision support systems in the field of medical law. Most
of the papers in this field focus on the legal regulation of the use of clinical decision
support systems, especially about data sharing and privacy requirements – for
example, papers [9-11].
But the paper [12] presents a mobile decision support system (DSS) prototype
designed for healthcare providers of an emergency department to identify and follow
the correct procedure based on applicable laws to mitigate the chance of incorrect
actions being taken, along with the associated risks and preserve both the patients' and
their own rights. The resulting mobile DSS enables clinicians to quickly access the
correct information regarding their power and authority while also protecting the
safety and welfare of the patient.
The article [13] presents a medical relational model (MRM) for the extraction of
logical rules from medical law, required to design a medical decision support system
(MDSS) that facilitates the process of exchanging data electronically with minimum
human intervention. This methodology is to analyze the legal text and release records
in compliance with the medical law.
Authors of [14] proposed the new content and infrastructure for harmonized documenta-
tion forms in the domain of organ transplantations enabling world-wide reuse and exchange.
The approximate reasoning system presented in the work [15] considers evaluation
of a risk in the situation when physicians weigh necessity of the operation on a pa-
tient. The patient's clinical symptom levels, pathologically heightened, indicate the
presence of a disease possible to recover by surgery. The authors wish to evaluate the
extension of the operation danger by involving particularly designed fuzzy sets in the
algorithm of approximate reasoning.
Obviously, none of the above known decision support systems in the field of
medical law is intended to support decision-making about surrogate motherhood.
Given the above urgency and importance of the problem of legal regulation of
surrogate motherhood, the important and actual task is the development of the DSS in the
legal regulation of the surrogate motherhood. The aim of this study is the development of
the concept of intelligent DSS in the legal regulation of the surrogate motherhood.
2 Basic Legal Issues of Using the Surrogate Motherhood
For developing the DSS, which will bring real benefits to users, it is first necessary to
find out what tasks it needs to solve and what properties it needs to have. For identifying
these needs, and for identifying the content of the requirements, the subject domain
analysis should be conducted. As a result of this activity, the goals and the set of tasks to
be solved by potential users of the system should be clarified. In addition, subject do-
main analysis provides identifying the places of the potential improvements and assess-
es the impact of the made decisions. Therefore, during the analysis of the subject do-
main of the developed DSS should investigate the legal aspects and identify the main
legal problems that arise when using surrogate motherhood.
Modern medicine identifies two types of surrogate motherhood [16]: 1) complete
or gestational surrogacy – the transfer into the body of a surrogate mother the embryo
of a person, which was conceived by family pair, wife and donor, donors; in this case,
the surrogate mother has no genetic connection to the child; 2) partial or gender sur-
rogacy – implies a genetic connection of the surrogate mother with the child, as the
surrogate mother's egg is used. According to the Order of the Ministry of Health No.
787 [1], the surrogate motherhood is the artificial fertilization of an egg with the sub-
sequent placement of an embryo in the uterus of another woman (surrogate mother).
Therefore, the essence of surrogate motherhood is that the fertilized egg is transplant-
ed to the organism of the genetically alien woman, who bears and gives birth to a
child not for herself but for the family pair who cannot have children.
Necessary conditions for conducting the surrogate (substitute) motherhood are
[17]: 1) the presence of medical indications for surrogate motherhood; 2) the presence
of documents, which are necessary for surrogate motherhood; 3) the spouse (or one of
the future parents), in the interests of whom surrogate motherhood is exercised, must
have a genetic connection with the child. It should be noted that Part 2 of Art. 123 of
the Family Code of Ukraine [18] was changed in 2011, namely: after the words "con-
ceived by spouses" the words "man and woman" were supplemented. Such changes
have excluded the possibility of participation in surrogate motherhood programs of
the foreign nationals who are registered in single-sex marriages. Considering the
problems, which arise in childbearing for citizens of countries where surrogate moth-
erhood is prohibited, in our opinion, the approval of surrogate motherhood by the law
of the country, whose citizens order surrogate motherhood, should also be an im-
portant condition.
The surrogate mother may be the adult legal capable woman, which has own
healthy child, which voluntary signs the written consent of the surrogate mother, and
which has no medical contraindications. It is allowed to bear pregnancy by the close
relatives of future parents (mother, sister, cousin, etc.).
Concluding the contract about the surrogate motherhood, in our opinion, is actu-
ally possible under the following mandatory conditions: 1) the surrogate mother must
be adult, legal capable, have her own healthy child, provide voluntary consent on the
surrogate motherhood and not have medical contraindications; she cannot also be an
egg donor at the same time; 2) genetic parents who conclude such a contract cannot
self bear and give birth to a child; wife and husband must be legally capable and they
must have at least twenty-one years of age.
A contract about the surrogate motherhood cannot be concluded by the wife and
husband, who: 1) are deprived of parental rights if these rights have not been
renewed; 2) were party to the surrogate motherhood contract, but the contract was
terminated by their fault; 3) were the adoptive parents (guardians, foster parents) of
another child, but the adoption was abolished or invalidated because of their fault; 4)
are registered or treated in a psychoneurological or narcological dispensary; 5) abuse
of alcoholic beverages or drugs; 6) have no permanent residence and permanent
income; 7) suffer from diseases, the list of which is approved by the Ministry of
Health of Ukraine; 8) have been convicted of crimes against life and health, liberty,
honor and dignity, sexual freedom and sexual integrity of a person, against public
safety, public order and morality, in the sphere of narcotic drugs, psychotropic
substances, their analogues or precursors, or have a criminal record which has not
been cleared or not withdrawn in accordance with the procedure established by law;
9) require constant third-party care for health reasons; 10) are stateless persons.
The essential conditions of contracts about surrogate motherhood are also: the
obligation of the surrogate mother to comply with all the doctor's instructions and to
provide information on the state of her health and the health of her child; the
consequences of not bearing the fetus or giving birth to a defective child, a child with
physical or mental disabilities, with congenital anomalies or stillbirth; procedure in case
of birth of twins; determination of the place of residence of the surrogate mother during
the period of childbearing (recommended condition); the period during which the
surrogate mother must pass the child to the genetic parents and the parents are obliged
to take the child (recommended condition); the amount of compensation to the surrogate
mother for the birth of the child (recommended condition); procedure for
reimbursement of expenses for medical care, food, surrogate mother's residence during
the period of childbearing, childbirth and postpartum period (recommended condition).
In our view, for protecting the property and non-property rights and the legitimate
interests of persons participating in the program of the surrogate motherhood, the
following legal means can be applied: 1) preparation of a contract between surrogate
mother and biological parents about carrying the child; 2) registration of the written
consent of the biological parents for the carrying the embryo (obtained as a result of the
extracorporal fertilization) by the surrogate mother (recommended condition); 3)
registration of the written consent of the surrogate mother to carrying the embryo of the
biological parents; 4) preparation of the statement of the surrogate mother about the
absence of claim to the biological parents after the end of the program of the surrogate
motherhood (recommended condition); 5) registration of the consent of the surrogate
mother on the record of biological parents as parents of the child in the bodies of
registration of acts of civil status (recommended condition).
The doctor (medical institution) as the service provider (contractor) is obliged to
provide in due time the necessary, complete and reliable information about the
services in order to secure the consumer's right to choose a medical institution and a
doctor. This information should be provided before concluding the contract on the use
of assisted reproductive technologies, as it should also be elucidated in the contract
about the surrogate motherhood. The parties should receive full information about
possible fertilization options and receive comprehensive and detailed consultation
from a doctor (medical institution) who will perform the procedure of the implanta-
tion of the embryo to surrogate mother. The contractor is obliged to provide medical
services using up-to-date diagnostic and treatment methods, in full compliance with
the contract, and to provide the involvement of highly-qualified medical personnel for
the provision of services under this contract.
Surrogacy involves a lot of decision-making, planning and preparation. So, all of
the above results of the subject domain analysis are requirements (mandatory
conditions) or recommendations (recommended conditions) that should be followed
by future parents, surrogate mother or service provider (medical institution). Exactly
these requirements and recommendations will form the basis of the decisions that will
be offered by the developed intelligent DSS.
3 Concept of Intelligent Decision Support System in the Legal
Regulation of the Surrogate Motherhood
The developed intelligent decision support system in the legal regulation of the surro-
gate motherhood will belong to the information-analytical medical software (software
for identifying and planning all resources of the medical institution, which are neces-
sary for conducting the medical-diagnostic activity and accounting in the process of
providing the medical services [4]). It will be the clinical decision support systems
(CDSS), i.e. the computer systems designed to influence clinician decision making
about individual patients when these decisions are made. It could prevent duty
breaches, assist in documenting medical procedures, help avert the need for litigation,
and helping lawyers perform due diligence and research.
In [19, 20], the ontological approach to assessing the sufficiency of information in
the software requirements specifications was developed. We apply the developed
approach to assess the sufficiency of information for conducting the procedure of the
surrogate motherhood, taking into account the above requirements and recommenda-
tions, that should be followed by future parents, surrogate mother, and/or service pro-
vider (medical institution).
Then the process of assessing the sufficiency of the information for conducting the
surrogate motherhood procedure consists of:
1. analysis of the preparatory documentation for surrogate motherhood and
identification of the requirements and/or recommendations, that were not satisfied
by future parents, surrogate mother or service provider (medical institution); the
easiest way to do this – is by comparing the real ontologies that will be developed
for each individual case with base (ideal) ontologies;
2. calculation of numerical assessments of the level of sufficiency of information for
conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure – as the ratio of the number of sat-
isfied requirements to the number of mandatory requirements and the ratio of the
number of satisfied recommendations to the total number of recommendations – by
the formulas:
Dreq=(qsreq/qnreq)*100%, (1)
where qsreq – the number of satisfying requirements, qnreq – the number of man-
datory requirements;
Dreс=(qsreс/qnreс)*100%, (2)
where qsrec – the number of satisfying recommendations, qnrec – the total number
of recommendations;
3. formation of the conclusion about the sufficiency or insufficiency of information
for conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure (with the visualization of what
requirements and recommendations are not currently satisfied): compliance with
all requirements by future parents, surrogate mother and service provider (medical
institution) is necessary, so the value of Dreq must be 100% for decision making
about conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure; the interviewed medical
law experts agreed that it was sufficient to fulfil at least half of the
recommendations, so the value of Drec must be minimum 50% for decision making
about conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure.
Taking into account the described process of assessing the sufficiency of the
information for conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure, we developed the
conceptual scheme of intelligent decision support system in the legal regulation of the
surrogate motherhood – Fig. 1.
Preparatory
documentation for Intelligent Decision Support System in the
the surrogate Legal Regulation of the Surrogate Motherhood
motherhood
Real ontology: Base ontology:
- mandatory requirements for
- satisfying requirements by the
the surrogate mother;
surrogate mother;
- mandatory requirements for
- satisfying requirements by Comparing future parents;
future parents;
- mandatory requirements for
- satisfying requirements by
medical institution;
medical institution;
- mandatory legal
- satisfying legal requirements;
requirements;
- satisfying legal recom-
- legal recommendations
mendations
Set of unsatisfying Set of satisfying
requirements and requirements and
recommendations recommendations
Numerical assessments of the
level of sufficiency of
information for conducting
the surrogate motherhood
procedure
Conclusion about the
sufficiency or insufficiency
of information for conducting
the surrogate motherhood
procedure
Decision about possibility of
conducting the surrogate
motherhood procedure
Fig. 1. Conceptual scheme of intelligent decision support system in the legal regulation of the
surrogate motherhood
4 Assessing the Sufficiency of Information for Conducting the
Surrogate Motherhood Procedure
Preparatory documentation for surrogate motherhood for two families (which is
planned to be conducted by one of the reproductive clinics in Khmelnytskyi) was used
to conduct the experiment.
Nowadays, the mandatory requirements for a potential surrogate mother are:
1. adult age;
2. legal capacity;
3. own healthy child;
4. voluntary written consent of the surrogate mother;
5. absence of medical contraindications to pregnancy and childbirth;
6. potential surrogate mother cannot also be an egg donor;
7. the obligation of the surrogate mother to comply with all the doctor's instructions;
8. the obligation of the surrogate mother to provide information on the state of her health.
The mandatory requirements for potential parents who want to use the services of
the surrogate mother are:
1. the presence of medical indications for surrogate motherhood – genetic parents
who conclude such a contract cannot self bear and give birth to a child;
2. the spouse (or one of the future parents), in the interests of whom surrogate
motherhood is exercised, must have a genetic connection with the child;
3. family pairs (future parents) are man and woman (not single-sex marriage);
4. the approval of surrogate motherhood by the law of the country, whose citizens
order surrogate motherhood;
5. legal capacity;
6. adult age of both members of the spouse – at least 21 years old;
7. are not deprived of parental rights or these rights have been renewed;
8. were not a party to the surrogate motherhood contract, which was terminated by
their fault;
9. were not the adoptive parents (guardians, foster parents) of another child, if the
adoption was abolished or invalidated because of their fault;
10. are not registered or treated in a psychoneurological or narcological dispensary;
11. don't abuse of alcoholic beverages or drugs;
12. have permanent residence and permanent income;
13. don't suffer from diseases, the list of which is approved by the Ministry of Health
of Ukraine;
14. have not been convicted of crimes against life and health, liberty, honor and
dignity, sexual freedom and sexual integrity of a person, against public safety,
public order and morality, in the sphere of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances,
their analogues or precursors, or have not a criminal record which has not been
cleared or not withdrawn in accordance with the procedure established by law;
15. don't require constant third-party care for health reasons;
16. are not stateless persons.
The mandatory requirements for a potential service provider (medical institution)
are the following requirements:
1. providing the necessary, complete and reliable information about the services;
2. time of providing the information about the services – before concluding the
contract on the use of assisted reproductive technologies;
3. providing the full information about possible fertilization options;
4. providing the comprehensive and detailed consultation from a doctor (medical
institution) who will perform the procedure of the implantation of the embryo to
surrogate mother;
5. providing the medical services using up-to-date diagnostic and treatment methods;
6. providing the involvement of highly-qualified medical personnel for the provision
of services under this contract.
The mandatory legal requirements are:
1. the obligatoriness of concluding the contract about the surrogate motherhood;
2. description in the contract of the consequences of not bearing the fetus;
3. description in the contract of the consequences of giving birth to a defective child;
4. description in the contract of the consequences of giving birth to a child with
physical or mental disabilities;
5. description in the contract of the consequences of giving birth to a child with
congenital anomalies;
6. description in the contract of the consequences of stillbirth;
7. description in the contract of the procedure in case of birth of twins.
The legal recommendations are:
1. registration of the written consent of the biological parents for the carrying the embryo
(obtained as a result of the extracorporal fertilization) by the surrogate mother;
2. preparation of the statement of the surrogate mother about the absence of claim to
the biological parents after the end of the program of the surrogate motherhood;
3. registration of the consent of the surrogate mother on the record of biological
parents as parents of the child in the bodies of registration of acts of civil status;
4. determination (in the contract) of the place of residence of the surrogate mother
during the period of childbearing;
5. determination (in the contract) of the period during which the surrogate mother must
pass the child to the genetic parents and the parents are obliged to take the child;
6. determintation (in the contract) of the amount of compensation to the surrogate
mother for the birth of the child;
7. determintation (in the contract) of the procedure for reimbursement of expenses for
medical care, food, surrogate mother's residence during the period of childbearing,
childbirth and postpartum period.
The analysis of the preparatory documentation of the first potential procedure of
surrogate motherhood showed that service of the surrogate motherhood is sought to
be ordered by a man and woman who are Italian nationals (but Italian law prohibits
surrogate motherhood). The couple independently selected a surrogate mother who
turned out to be a minor citizen of Ukraine. In addition, a careful examination of the
couple revealed that they can conceive on their own, bear and give birth to a child.
Therefore, 3 mandatory requirements (from 37 existing) have not been satisfied.
Regarding legal recommendations, then all 7 recommendations were satisfied.
The numerical assessments of the level of sufficiency of information for conduct-
ing the surrogate motherhood procedure – by formulas (1) and (2) – are:
Dreq_1=(34/37)*100%=91,9%, (3)
Dreс_1=(7/7)*100%=100%. (4)
Intelligent DSS concluded that there is insufficient information for conducting the
surrogate motherhood (the value Dreq should be 100%), so this system recommended
conclusion to the lawyers and doctors that surrogate motherhood is not possible in this case.
The analysis of the preparatory documentation of the second potential procedure of
surrogate motherhood showed that in the contract about the surrogate motherhood
there are no points about the place of residence of the surrogate mother during the
period of childbearing, about period during which the surrogate mother must pass the
child to the genetic parents and the parents are obliged to take the child, and about the
amount of compensation to the surrogate mother for the birth of the child. Therefore,
3 legal recommendations (from 7 existing) have not been satisfied. Regarding manda-
tory requirements, then all 37 requirements were satisfied.
The numerical assessments of the level of sufficiency of information for conduct-
ing the surrogate motherhood procedure – by formulas (1) and (2) – are:
Dreq_2=(37/37)*100%=100%, (5)
Dreс_2=(4/7)*100%=57,1%. (6)
Intelligent DSS concluded that there is sufficient information for conducting the
surrogate motherhood (the values Dreq = 100%, Dreс>50%), so this system
recommended conclusion to the lawyers and doctors that surrogate motherhood is
possible in this case.
Thus, the proposed intelligent DSS provides to lawyers and doctors of reproductive
medicine clinics the possibility to make an informed and legally correct decision about the
possibility or impossibility of conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure, taking into
account all currently existing requirements and recommendations for this procedure.
5 Conclusions
Today in Ukraine there is an urgent problem of informatization of the health care
sector by the development of medical software, the successful implementation of
which is critically important for improving the efficiency of the work of the said
industry. Even more important is the development of multidisciplinary medical
software, in particular, software for medical law domain.
The conducted analysis of known DSS in the medical law domain showed that
they don't solve the problem of decision support regarding the possibility or
impossibility of surrogate motherhood procedure, although this paper proves the
urgency and importance of such a problem.
The article describes the process of assessing the sufficiency of information for
conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure and develops the conceptual scheme
of the intelligent DSS in the legal regulation of the surrogate motherhood.
The proposed intelligent DSS provides: 1) a numerical assessment of the level of
sufficiency of information for conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure; 2) a
conclusion on the sufficiency or insufficiency of the information for conducting the
surrogate motherhood procedure; 3) a list of requirements and/or recommendations,
which have to be satisfied (if possible) for conducting the surrogate motherhood
procedure; 4) reasonable and legally correct decision on the possibility or impossibility
of conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure, taking into account absolutely all
existing requirements and recommendations for carrying out this procedure.
In addition to the above, the advantages of the proposed intelligent DSS also are:
1) doctors and/or lawyers of reproductive medicine clinics cannot miss any
requirement or recommendation; 2) providing a list of requirements and
recommendations that should be guided by doctors and lawyers of reproductive
medicine clinics in preparation for surrogate motherhood procedure; 3) easy
expansion of the system – if necessary, it is very easy to add new or remove
unnecessary requirements and/or recommendations.
Of course, the benefits of offered by the intelligent DSS will only be provided by
during its conscious use - if there are a careful examination of all documents and facts,
providing truthful information by doctors and lawyers on the basis of processed
documents, serious attitude to the surrogate motherhood procedure and preparation for it.
The future work of authors will dedicate to: 1) development of base (ideal)
ontology – on the basis of defined mandatory requirements and legal
recommendations; 2) estimating the weights of the requirements and the legal
recommendations, since not all requirements, as well as all recommendations, are
equally important; 3) development of the weighted base (ideal) ontology – on the
basis of defined requirements and recommendations taking into account their weights;
4) implementation of the described intelligent DSS in the legal regulation of the
surrogate motherhood – implementation of the automated decision-making on the
possibility or impossibility of conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure, which
consists of automated gathering of information, automated bypassing of the base and
the weighted base ontologies, formation of real ontology, calculation of numerical
assessments, and formation of the conclusion of sufficiency or insufficiency of the
information for conducting the surrogate motherhood procedure.
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