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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>June</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Approaches and Challenges in Team Tutoring</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Chicago</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Workshop Proceedings:</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Workshop Co-Chairs:</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Anne M. Sinatra</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ph.D.</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Jeanine A. DeFalco</string-name>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ph.D.</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Workshop Program Committee:</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Benjamin Goldberg</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ph.D.</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>U.S. Army CCDC Soldier Center STTC</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Art Graesser</string-name>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ph.D.</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Xiangen Hu</string-name>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ph.D.</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Rodney Long</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>U.S. Army CCDC Soldier Center STTC</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Oak Ridge Associated Universities &amp; U.S. Army CCDC Soldier Center STTC</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>Simulation &amp; Training Technology Center</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>STTC</addr-line>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>2019</issue>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>-</title>
      <p>Copyright © 2019 for the individual papers by the papers' authors. Copyright © 2019 for the volume as a
collection by its editors. This volume and its papers are published under the Creative Commons License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).</p>
      <p>Preface
The Approaches and Challenges in Team Tutoring Workshop was conducted in conjunction with the 20th Artificial
Intelligence in Education Conference (AIED) in Chicago, IL, in June 2019. This workshop focused on different
approaches and challenges of team tutoring within intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). The workshop included many
examples of team tutoring in action in different domains, as well as lessons learned from the development of the
team tutors. The goals of this workshop included identifying challenges and approaches in team tutoring. One
representative element of challenges in team tutoring included how they were overcome by our presenters, findings
that can assist other researchers in the future. The workshop concluded with a discussion of the current gaps in the
team tutoring domain, commonalities in the challenges that were identified, as well as steps forward for team
tutoring. The challenges and approaches identified are captured in the papers included in this proceedings.
iii
Introduction to Approaches and Challenges in Team Tutoring</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>Anne M. Sinatra, &amp; Jeanine A. DeFalco</title>
      <p>Team Data Analysis Using FATE: Framework for Automated Team
Evaluation</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>Alec Ostrander, Stephen Gilbert &amp; Michael Dorneich</title>
      <p>Sensing Team Interaction to Enhance Learning and Performance during
Adaptive Instruction</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-4">
      <title>Robert Sottilare &amp; Ross Hoehn</title>
      <p>Toward Computational Models of Team Effectiveness with Natural Language
Processing</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-5">
      <title>Randall Spain, Michael Geden, Wookhee Min, Bradford Mott, and James Lester</title>
      <p>Intelligent After-Action Review Support Tools for Large Team Training</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-6">
      <title>Sowmya Ramachandran &amp; Randy Jensen</title>
      <p>Team Tutoring Automated Content Discovery and Learning Objective
Alignment</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-7">
      <title>Benjamin Bell, Keith Brawner, Elaine Kelsey, &amp; Debbie Brown</title>
      <p>Towards Dynamic Intelligent Support for Collaborative Problem Solving</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-8">
      <title>Sidney D’Mello, Angela E.B. Stewart, Mary Jean Amon, Chen Sun, Nicholas Duran, &amp; Valerie Shute</title>
      <p>An Appraisal of a Collaboration-Metric Model based on Text Discourse</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-9">
      <title>Adetunji Adeniran, Judith Mastho, &amp; Nigel Beacham</title>
      <p>Simulating Team Tutoring in Multiagent Environments
1-4
5-14
15-29
30-39
40-49
50-58
59-65
66-76
87-96</p>
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