JOWO 2019 The Joint Ontology Workshops Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2019 Episode V: The Styrian Autumn of Ontology Graz, Austria, September 23–25, 2019 Edited by Adrien Barton | Selja Seppälä | Daniele Porello and for BOG | CAOS IV | CREOL | DAO-SI | FOMI | FOUST III | ODLS | SHAPES 5.0 | SoLEE | WINKS-2 | WODHSA | WOMoCoE http://www.iaoa.org/jowo/2019/ JOWO Workshops T. Hahmann, R. Peñaloza, S. Schulz, G. Guizzardi, O. Kutz, N. Troquard (BOG) O. Kutz, M. M. Hedblom, G. Righetti, D. Porello, C. Masolo (CAOS IV) V. Basile, T. Caselli, D. P. Radicioni, A. A. Ravelli (CREOL) A. Mosca, R. Confalonieri, D. Calvanese (DAO-SI) M. Gruninger, W. Terkaj (FOMI) A. Galton, S. Borgo, O. Kutz, F. Loebe, F. Neuhaus (FOUST III) M. Boeker, L. Jansen, F. Loebe, S. Schulz (ODLS) S. Borgo, I. Hinterwaldner, O. Kutz, R. Stufano Melone (SHAPES 5.0) L. Jansen, M. Brochhausen, N. Guarino, G. Guizzardi, D. Porello (SoLEE) A. Kemo, J. Euzenat, D. Gromann, E. Jiménez-Ruiz, M. Schorlemmer, V. Tamma (WINKS-2) M. Nicolosi Asmundo, R. Ferrario, E. M. Sanfilippo (WODHSA) S. Borgo, L. Bozzato, T. Mossakowski, A. Zimmermann (WOMoCoE) PREFACE JOWO – The Joint Ontology Workshops These proceedings include the papers presented at JOWO 2019, the fifth edition of the Joint Ontology WOrkshops (JOWO). JOWO is a venue of workshops that, together, address a wide spectrum of topics related to ontology research, ranging from cognitive science to knowledge representation, natural language processing, artificial intelligence, logic, philosophy, and linguistics. JOWO’s mission is to pro- vide a platform for the diverse communities interested in building, reasoning with, and applying formalised ontologies both in theory and applications. The previous editions of the JOWO series were the following: • The first JOWO edition was ‘Episode I: The Argentine Winter of Ontology’, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in co-location with the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2015). The proceedings of JOWO 2015 appeared as volume 1517 of CEUR.1 • The second JOWO edition was ‘Episode II: The French Summer of Ontology’, held in Annecy, France, in co-location with the 9th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2016). The proceedings of JOWO 2016 appeared as volume 1660 of CEUR.2 • The third JOWO edition was ‘Episode III: The Tyrolean Autumn’, hosted by the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano in Bolzano, Italy, in September 21–23, 2017. The proceedings of JOWO 2017 appeared as volume 2050 of CEUR.3 • The fourth JOWO edition was ‘Episode IV: The South African Spring (JOWO 2018 @ FOIS 2018)’, held in Cape Town, South Africa, in co-location with the 10th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2018). The proceedings of JOWO 2018 appeared as volume 2205 of CEUR.4 JOWO 2019 comprised a confederation of twelve ontology workshops and five tutorials. The workshops covered a broad spectrum of contemporary applied ontology re- search, including its foundational aspects (FOUST III), its methodology and qual- ity evaluation (BOG, WOMoCoE), the link between ontologies and data science (DAO-SI), the application of ontologies in specific domains, in particular, cog- nitive science (CAOS IV), contextual representations of information (CREOL), industry (FOMI), life sciences (ODLS), the concepts of shape, form and structure (SHAPES 5.0), social, legal and economic domains (SoLEE), digital humanities (WODHSA), and knowledge sharing (WINKS-2). 1 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1517/. 2 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1660/. 3 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2050/. 4 See http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2205/. 1 The tutorials also covered a wide variety of topics ranging from foundational ontologies (FOUNT, TLO), ontology engineering (DOnEReCA), and machine learning with ontologies (MLwO), to biomedicine (SNOMED). We were very happy to include in our program three keynote speeches by Antony Galton, Yongsheng Gao, and Valentina Presutti, who focused on several aspects of fundamental and applied ontology research. A total of 101 papers were submitted to the workshops of which 83 were accepted. These proceedings document the twelve JOWO 2019 workshops and the abstracts of the five tutorials and the three keynote talks: Workshops • BOG: 2nd International Workshop on Bad or Good Ontology5 • CAOS IV: Cognition And OntologieS6 • CREOL: Contextual Representation of Objects and Events in Language7 • DAO-SI: Data meets Applied Ontologies in Open Science and Innovation8 • FOMI: 10th International Workshop on Formal Ontologies meet Industry9 • FOUST III: Workshop on Foundational Ontology10 • ODLS: Ontologies and Data in Life Sciences 201911 • SHAPES 5.0: The Shape of Things12 • SoLEE: Ontology of Social, Legal and Economic Entities13 • WINKS-2: Second Workshop on INteraction-based Knowledge Sharing14 • WODHSA: 1st International Workshop on Ontologies for Digital Humanities and their Social Analysis15 • WOMoCoE : 4th International Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextu- ality, and Evolution16 5 See http://bog.inf.unibz.it. 6 See http://caos.inf.unibz.it. 7 See https://creol2019.di.unito.it. 8 See https://daosi.inf.unibz.it. 9 See http://stl.mie.utoronto.ca/fomi2019/home.html. 10 See http://foust.inf.unibz.it. 11 See https://wiki.imise.uni-leipzig.de/Gruppen/OBML/Workshops/2019-ODLS. 12 See http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/workshops/SHAPES5/. 13 See https://solee-2019.github.io. 14 See http://www.iiia.csic.es/winks-2/. 15 See http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/WODHSA/. 16 See https://womocoe19.fbk.eu. 2 Tutorials • DOnEReCA: Data-driven ontology engineering with Relational Concept Anal- ysis17 • FOUNT: Towards a systematic methodology for foundational ontologies: prop- erties, relations, and truthmaking • MLwO: Semantic similarity and machine learning with ontologies18 • SNOMED: SNOMED CT Tutorial • TLO: Top Level Ontologies (ISO/IEC 21838) Keynotes • Antony Galton, Theories of Time and Temporality: A Guided Tour for Ontol- ogists • Yongsheng Gao, Insights into Large-Scale Ontology Production • Valentina Presutti, ArCo: the Knowledge Graph of Italian Cultural Heritage 17 See http://gdacweb.info.uqam.ca/donereca/. 18 See https://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/ontology-tutorial. 3 Acknowledgements We would like to thank all authors and speakers for their contributions, and the programme committee members and additional reviewers for their timely review- ing. Moreover, we would like to thank the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA)19 , SNOMED International20 , and Das Land Steier- mark21 for providing generous financial support and facilities. JOWO General Chairs Adrien Barton Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, CNRS, France & University of Sherbrooke, Canada Selja Seppälä University College Cork, Ireland Proceedings Chair Daniele Porello Laboratory for Applied Ontology, Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, ISTC-CNR, Italy JOWO Steering Committee Stefano Borgo Laboratory for Applied Ontology, Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, ISTC-CNR, Italy Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Frank Loebe University of Leipzig, Germany Fabian Neuhaus Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Germany 19 See http://iaoa.org. 20 See www.snomed.org. 21 See www.verwaltung.steiermark.at. 4 JOWO 2019 Workshops BOG 2nd International Workshop on Bad or Good Ontology Programme Chairs Torsten Hahmann University of Maine, USA Rafael Peñaloza Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Stefan Schulz Medical University of Graz, Austria Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Nicolas Troquard Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Programme Committee Claudia d’Amato University of Bari, Italy João Paulo Almeida Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil Werner Ceusters SUNY at Buffalo, USA Ricardo A. Falbo Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil Aldo Gangemi University of Bologna & CNR-ISTC, Italy Zubeida Khan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa Fabian Neuhaus University of Magdeburg, Germany Bijan Parsia The University of Manchester, UK Marı́a Poveda-Villalón Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Catherine Roussey Irstea, France Ulrike Sattler The University of Manchester, UK Claudia Schon University Koblenz-Landau, Germany As ontologies are used in more domains and applications and as they grow in size, the consequences of bad ontology design become more critical. Bad ontologies may be inconsistent, have unwanted consequences, be ridden with anti-patterns, or simply be incomprehensible. In general, bad ontologies present design mistakes that make their use and maintenance problematic or impossible. Programmers have had access to various tools, such as debuggers or linters, to help identify stylistic errors, suspicious constructs, or logical errors, to avoid bad program design. Similar methods and tools are needed for ontology engineering. This workshop series aims to bring together research on all aspects concerning bad or good ontology design, including use cases and systematic reviews of bad or good ontology designs, techniques and tools for diagnosing, explaining, and repairing bad ontologies, and approaches or benchmarks for evaluating such techniques. The main topics addressed by the workshop are the following: • systematic analysis of ontologies for symptoms of bad ontology design • cataloguing of symptoms of bad ontology design 5 • methods for detecting or explaining symptoms • metrics and methods to gauge ontology quality • design methods that likely result in bad ontologies • principled methods to avoid building bad ontologies • benchmarks of bad or good ontologies for evaluating diagnostic and repair methods CAOS IV Cognition And OntologieS Programme Chairs Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Maria M. Hedblom Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Guendalina Righetti Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Daniele Porello ISTC-CNR, Italy Claudio Masolo ISTC-CNR, Italy Programme Committee Tarek Richard Besold Alpha Health AI Lab, Telefonica Innovation Alpha, Spain Massimiliano Carrarra University of Padua, Italy Zoe Falomir University of Bremen, Germany Roberta Ferrario ISTC-CNR, Italy Marcello Frixione University of Genova, Italy Heinrich Herre University of Leipzig, Germany Gilles Kassel University of Picardie Jules Verne, France Adila A. Krisnadhi Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Antonio Lieto University of Turin, Italy Fabian Neuhaus University of Magdeburg, Germany Enric Plaza IIIA-CSIC, Spain Marco Schorlemmer IIIA-CSIC, Spain Marija Slavkovik University of Bergen, Norway Gem Stapleton University of Brighton, UK Nicolas Troquard Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Laure Vieu Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, CNRS, France CAOS: Cognition And OntologieS, is a workshop series devoted to the relationship between cognition and ontologies with the purpose to model, simulate and repre- sent cognitive phenomena for artificial intelligence and knowledge representation, and to stimulate interdisciplinary exchange between these areas. This fourth edition of CAOS, held at JOWO 2019 in Graz, follows events held at the conference Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2016), Annecy, France, in 2016, CAOS 2 held at the AISB Convention, organised by the Soci- ety for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB 6 2017), in 2017, and CAOS 3, held at the Joint Ontology Workshops (JOWO) in conjunction with FOIS 2018 in Cape Town, South Africa. CAOS addresses the difficult question of how key cognitive phenomena and con- cepts (and the involved terminology) can be found across language, psychology and reasoning and how this can be formally and ontologically understood, anal- ysed and represented. The workshop welcomes submissions on topics related to the ontology of hypothesised building blocks of cognition (such as image schemas, affordances, and related notions) and of cognitive capacities (such as concept in- vention, language acquisition), as well as system-demonstrations modelling these capacities in application settings. We also welcome submissions addressing the cognitive and epistemological adequacy of ontological modelling. CAOS aims to address an interdisciplinary audience, inviting scholars in philos- ophy, computer science, logic, conceptual modelling, knowledge representation, and cognitive science to contribute to the discussion. CREOL Contextual Representation of Objects and Events in Language Programme Chairs Andrea Amelio Ravelli University of Florence, Italy Valerio Basile University of Turin, Italy Tommaso Caselli University of Groningen, The Netherlands Daniele P. Radicioni University of Turin, Italy Programme Committee Stefano Borgo ISTC-CNR, Italy Dagmar Gromann University of Vienna, Austria Nicola Guarino ISTC-CNR, Italy Diego Magro University of Turin, Italy Roser Morante Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Alessandro Oltramari Bosch Research and Technology Center, USA Lauro Snidaro University of Udine, Italy Sara Tonelli Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy Fabio Massimo Zanzotto University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy The CREOL workshop aims at developing an interdisciplinary venue where dif- ferent communities (Applied Ontology, NLP, AI, Semantic Web) can meet and investigate and share ideas, visions, theories, and frameworks on the relationship between the semantic representation of objects and events and their interpretation in context. Dealing with context is a key factor in the conceptualisation of human experience, and thus a major issue for understanding natural language. Current ontologies 7 and lexicons (e.g. DOLCE, Unified Verb Index) offer limited (meaning) represen- tations of events and objects that then may find different realisations in text. Ad- ditionally, the growing interest towards multimodal information systems requires devising approaches and resources aimed at representing context by considering different sources (e.g., textual description, image, video) as a whole. Contextual access to objects and events needs to be investigated at its interface with language and visual scene, as well. Recently, several advanced approaches have been proposed to model meaning representations of lexical items in their context (e.g., contextualised word representations). Likewise, approaches and re- sources have been designed to represent and make explicit the relations inter- vening between objects in scenes depicting events, while established theories of meaning representation allow for the representation of context to varying extent (e.g., Abstract Meaning Representation, Discourse Representation Theory). In the second edition of the workshop we have collected three original contribu- tions addressing different aspects of this complex (and sometimes blurred) inter- face layer. Jezek (Sweetening Ontologies Cont’d: Aligning Bottom-up and Top- Down Ontologies) investigates the mapping of categories between DOLCE and the Typed Predicate Argument Structures (T-PASS) framework, where category labels are determined on the basis of the context of occurrence predicates and their corresponding arguments. Chow and Gruninger (Multimodal Event Recogni- tion with an Ontology For Cooking Recipes) address the interrelations across dif- ferent modalities (auditory, visual and textual) in the domain of cooking recipes to uncover the relationships between events by investigating the role of ontologies. Finally, Ghosh and Abdulrab (Towards a Pattern-Based Core Model of Events in the Legal Domain) proposes a model of events in the legal domain by building on the definition of events (perdurants) as a focusing process from scenes, de- fined as maximal perdurants located in a convex region of space-time containing all perdurants occurring there as parts (following the proposal by Guizzardi and Guarino (2016)). DAO-SI Data meets Applied Ontologies in Open Science and Innovation Programme Chairs Alessandro Mosca Smart Data Factory, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Roberto Confalonieri Telefonica Innovation Alpha, Spain Diego Calvanese Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Programme Committee 8 Andrea Bonaccorsi Research Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies – FBK- IRVAPP, Italy Cinzia Daraio University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy Tarek Besold Telefonica Innovation Alpha, Spain Pietro Galliani Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Patrick Ohnewein NOI Techpark, Italy Rafael Peñaloza Milano-Bicocca University, Italy Niklas Petersen eccenca GmbH, Germany Enric Plaza Cervera IIIA-CSIC, Spain Daniele Porello ISTC-CNR, Italy Fernando Roda SIRIS Academic SL, Spain Guillem Rull SIRIS Academic SL, Spain Nicolas Troquard Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Vitalis Wiens Enterprise Information Systems, Fraunhofer IAIS, Germany The goal of the DAO-SI workshop was to provide opportunities for stakeholders from academia, industry, and public organisations to present their latest develop- ments in ontology-mediated data integration, data access and analysis techniques, and data-driven applications, with a special focus on Science and Innovation (S&I) data management for decision and policy-making. The accepted contributions, three in total, present applications of ontologies and related tools in fields like aeronautics and space, knowledge discovery from data, and ontology-based data access. In the first paper, Steven J. Hughes, Daniel J. Crichton, and Ronald S. Joyner present an ontology-mediated space science dig- ital repository, where ontologies are used as building blocks for the information model of NASA’s Planetary Data System, an information system that preserves the digital data produced by or relevant to NASA’s planetary missions in an open and interoperable fashion. In another paper, Mickael Wajnberg, Petko Valtchev, Mario Lezoche, Alexandre Blondin Massé, and Hervé Panetto propose a formal concept analysis based method for multi-relational data mining able to mine con- ceptual abstractions on several cross-tables, and illustrate its usefulness in deci- sion support in the industrial context of aluminum die casting. Finally, German Beaun, Laura Cecchi, and Pablo Fillottrani introduce a framework that supports the interoperation of several off-the-shelf Ontology-based Data Access (ODBA) tools and systems, which facilitate access to data sources through queries on a conceptual level. FOMI 10th International Workshop on Formal Ontologies meet Industry Programme Chairs Michael Gruninger University of Toronto, Canada Walter Terkaj Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Man- ufacturing (STIIMA-CNR), Italy 9 Programme Committee Bob Young Loughborough University, UK Cheong Hyunmin Autodesk Research, USA Dimitris Mourtzis University of Patras, Greece Dusan Sormaz Ohio University, USA Elisa Negri Politecnico di Milano, Italy Emilio Sanfilippo Le Studium, Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Tours, France Farhad Ameri Texas State University, USA Georg Schneider Fraunhofer IBP, Italy Herve Panetto University of Lorraine, France Lorenzo Solano Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain Minna Lanz Tampere University of Technology, Finland Stefano Borgo ISTC-CNR, Italy Nicola Guarino ISTC-CNR, Italy Riichiro Mizoguchi Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan Pedro Rosado Jaume I University, Spain Pieter Pauwels University of Ghent, Belgium Tiago Sales University of Trento, Italy Marı́a Poveda Villalón Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Spain FOMI is an international forum where academic researchers and industrial practi- tioners meet to analyse and discuss application issues related to methods, theories, tools and applications based on formal ontologies. There is today wide agreement that knowledge modelling and the semantic dimension of information play an in- creasingly central role in networked economy: semantic-based applications aim to provide a framework for information and knowledge sharing, reliable information exchange, meaning negotiation and coordination between distinct organizations or among members of the same organization. Theoretical ideas seem often very promising but their actual implementation brings up unexpected problems and issues. The FOMI 2019 Workshop deals with: 1. Experience with problems in ontology application; 2. New insights on known problematic issues; 3. New results; 4. Successes and observations in ontology implementation; 5. Lessons learned on the best way to apply ontological methodologies to real- world situations. FOMI 2019 will facilitate open discussion and experience sharing. Very similar problems arise in disparate ontology applications and an open discussion helps to highlight commonalities and to spread ideas for possible solutions. For this reason, FOMI welcomes researchers and practitioners that embrace this perspec- tive without restrictions on the domains they deal with: business, medicine, en- gineering, finance, law, biology, geography, electronics, etc. Indeed, the accepted contributions at FOMI 2019, eight in total, tackle heterogeneous topics. Three works (Gruninger and Katsumi; Guarino and Sanfilippo; Smith et al.) examine how different foundational ontologies (i.e. PSL, DOLCE and UFO, BFO) can be adopted to support the Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF), an initiative aimed 10 at developing a set of open ontologies for manufacturing and engineering indus- try applications. In addition, two more papers deal with the manufacturing do- main, in particular manufacturing process plans (Sormaz and Sarkar) and man- ufacturing resources (Sanfilippo, Terkaj, and Borgo). Other specific domains are addressed like transportation planning (Katsumi and Fox) and assembly systems in aerospace industry (Arista and Mas). Finally, the work by Tan, Tarasov and Adlemo presents lessons learned from the use of ontologies in the scope of software engineering. FOUST III Workshop on Foundational Ontology Programme Chairs Antony Galton University of Exeter, UK Stefano Borgo ISTC-CNR, Italy Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Frank Loebe University of Leipzig, Germany Fabian Neuhaus Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany Programme Committee Roberta Ferrario ISTC-CNR, Italy Aldo Gangemi Università di Bologna & ISTC-CNR, Italy Nicola Guarino ISTC-CNR, Italy Laure Vieu Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, CNRS, France Riichiro Mizoguchi Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan Barry Smith SUNY at Buffalo, USA Maureen Donnelly SUNY at Buffalo, USA Pierre Grenon University College London, UK Foundational ontology is about categories of reality or thought which are common to all or almost all subject-matters. Commonly considered examples of such cat- egories include ‘object’, ‘quality’, ‘function’, ‘role’, ‘process’, ‘event’, ‘time’, and ‘place’. There are several foundational ontologies that provide a systematic formal representation of these categories, their relationships, and interdependencies. Amongst existing foundational ontologies, there is both a substantial measure of agreement and some dramatic disagreements. There is currently no uniform consensus concerning how a foundational ontology should be organised, how far its ‘reach’ should be (e.g., is the distinction between physical and non-physical entities sufficiently fundamental to be included here?), and even what role it should play in relation to more specialised domain ontologies. The main use of foundational ontologies is as a starting point for the develop- ment of domain ontologies and application ontologies. The foundational ontology 11 provides an ontology engineer with a conceptual framework that enables her to analyse a given domain, identify the entities in the domain as specialisations of the generic categories in the foundational ontology, and often reuse relationships (e.g., parthood) from the foundational ontology. The utilisation of foundational ontologies for the development of domain and application ontologies has two main benefits. Firstly, the ontology engineer can reuse an existing set of well-studied ontological distinctions and design principles instead of having to develop an ad-hoc solution. Secondly, if two domain ontologies are based on the same foundational ontology, it is easier to integrate them. FOUST is an ontology workshop series that offers researchers in foundational ontology an opportunity to present their results. This includes work on specific areas of foundational ontology as well as work on particular foundational ontolo- gies. Topics covered in this edition of FOUST include, amongst others, physical features, processes, actions, functions, relations, and properties. ODLS Ontologies and Data in Life Sciences 2019 Programme Chairs Martin Boeker University of Freiburg, Germany Ludger Jansen University of Rostock & Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany Frank Loebe University of Leipzig, Germany Stefan Schulz Medical University of Graz, Austria Programme Committee Adrien Barton Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, CNRS, France Martin Boeker University of Freiburg, Germany Patryk Burek Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), Poland Jesualdo Tomás Fernández-Breis University of Murcia, Spain Fred Freitas Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil Heinrich Herre University of Leipzig, Germany Robert Hoehndorf King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia Ralf Hofestaedt Bielefeld University, Germany Ludger Jansen University of Rostock & Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany Toralf Kirsten Mittweida University of Applied Sciences, Germany Frank Loebe University of Leipzig, Germany Phillipp Lord Newcastle University, UK Mariana Neves Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo Paderborn University, Germany Daniel Schober Matter Wave Semantics, Germany Aleksandra Sojic Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Italy Holger Stenzhorn University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany Robert Stevens University of Manchester, UK Dagmar Waltemath University of Greifswald, Germany 12 Medicine, biology and life sciences produce hardly manageable and often incom- prehensible amounts of data, information, and knowledge. Their computer-based retrieval, processing, integration, as well as their conceptual foundation, appli- cation, and reuse present ever new challenges to existing methods of knowledge representation, data bases, and data analysis and retrieval. Data management and data processing in the life sciences and in health care demand sophisticated methods and solutions for the integration and usage of distributed, heterogeneous data. The workshops on Ontologies and Data in Life Sciences (ODLS), of which ODLS 2019 is the 9th instance, cover the overall spectrum of biomedical informa- tion management, ranging from experimental data acquisition and preprocessing across analysis, structuring and interpretation of data, up to developing struc- tured representations of knowledge, in particular in the form of ontologies, with their various applications. The primary aim of ODLS is an interdisciplinary ex- change of ideas and results, fostering collaboration between ontologists, computer scientists, bio-informaticians, medical information scientists, physicians, biome- tricians, bio-chemists and philosophers, in academia and industry. The submissions to ODLS 2019 cover a broad range of topics closely related to ontologies in the fields of biology, the life sciences, medicine, and health care, or they deal with foundational or applied aspects of such ontologies. Similarly in breadth, there is a lively mix of contributions focusing on ontological content and domain analysis, as well as of other papers that are concerned with methods and languages for representing and/or formalizing knowledge. ODLS workshops are run by the work group Ontologies in Biomedicine and Life Sciences (OBML), a sub-group of a shared, interdisciplinary group associated with the German Informatics Society (GI) and the German Association for Medi- cal Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (GMDS). Moreover, since their third edition the workshops have been acknowledged as Supported Events by the Inter- national Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA). The workshops are held by and large annually in Central Europe, striving for international par- ticipation beyond that region. Becoming a part of IAOA’s Joint Ontology Work- shops in 2019, as in 2017, supports fruitful interaction with other communities, very well in line with the interdisciplinary spirit of ODLS. SHAPES 5.0 The Shape of Things Programme Chairs Rossella Stufano Politecnico di Bari, Italy Inge Hinterwaldner Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Stefano Borgo ISTC-CNR, Italy Oliver Kutz Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Italy 13 Programme Committee Mara Abel Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Mihailo Antovic University of Nis, Serbia Mehul Bhatt Örebro University, Sweden Emilios Cambouropoulos Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Chiara Di Francescomarino Fondazione Bruno Kessler-IRST, Italy Christian Freksa University of Bremen, Germany Antony Galton University of Exeter, UK Franca Giannini IMATI CNR, Italy Michael Gruninger University of Toronto, Canada Maria M. Hedblom Photogeniq, Austria Kris Krois Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Frieder Nake University of Bremen, Germany Susanna Siegel Harvard University, USA Shape, Form, and Structure are elusive notions and yet are at the core of sev- eral disciplines from the humanistic (like literature and the arts) to the scien- tific (chemistry, biology, physics) and within these from the formal (mathematics, logic) to the empirical (engineering, cognitive science). Even within domains such as computer science and artificial intelligence, these notions rely on common-sense meanings and everyday perception and communication practices. Furthermore, formalisations of the semantics and reasoning about shape, form, and structure are typically ad hoc. Several approaches have been proposed within the afore- mentioned disciplines to study the notions of shape, form and structure from different viewpoints. A comprehensive formal view of how to understand their different uses has not emerged yet but it is clear that one needs to investigate an interdisciplinary perspective. The Shapes workshop series is an interdisciplinary platform for the discussion of all topics connected to shape (broadly understood). Perspectives from psycho- linguistics, ontology, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, aes- thetics, design science, cognitive science and beyond are welcome to contribute and participate in the workshop. We seek to facilitate an interdisciplinary dis- cussion between researchers from all disciplines interested in representing shape, form and structure, and reasoning about them. This includes formal, cognitive, linguistic, engineering and/or philosophical aspects of space and vision, being the domains where shape, form and structure find a natural setting, as well as their application in the sciences and in the arts. Every edition of Shapes adds a special theme to drive attention to particular uses and needs in interesting areas. SHAPES 5.0, the fifth edition in the series, drives attention to shape, form and structure in architecture. Architecture is an intrinsically interdisciplinary domain that nicely combines art, science and technology, and is rooted in the study of culture, landscape, territory and social practices. The study of shape, form and structure is part of the background of architects but architects tend to view and understand these notions within the context of a project design and not in their generality. We particularly encourage contributions that shed some light on the use of shape, form and structure in and across architectural works and architectural ways of thinking. 14 SoLEE Ontology of Social, Legal and Economic Entities Programme Chairs Ludger Jansen University of Rostock & Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany Mathias Brochhausen University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA Nicola Guarino ISTC-CNR, Italy Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Daniele Porello ISTC-CNR, Italy Programme Committee Mauricio Almeida Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil Frederik Elwert Ruhr University Bochum, Germany Roberta Ferrario ISTC-CNR, Italy Pawel Garbacz KUL Lublin, Poland Amanda Hicks University of Florida, USA Paul Johannesson Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Riichiro Mizoguchi JAIST, Japan Neil Otte Johns Hopkins University, USA Chris Partridge BORO Solutions, UK Kurt Sandkuhl University of Rostock, Germany Tiago Prince Sales University of Trento, Italy Barry Smith SUNY at Buffalo, USA Understanding the ontological nature of social, legal and economic concepts and institutions is crucial for providing principled modelling in many important do- mains such as enterprise modelling, business processes, and social ontology. A significant number of fundamental concepts that are ubiquitous in economics, so- cial, and legal sciences – such as value, risk, capability, good, service, exchange, transaction, competition, social norm, group, institution – have only recently been approached from a specifically ontological perspective. It is therefore important to offer a venue to gather the recent contributions to this topic. The workshop encouraged submissions on both theoretical and methodological issues in the use of ontologies for modelling social, legal and economic concepts and institutions, as well as submissions on concrete use of ontologies in application for these domains. The workshop relates mainly to two previous events (SoLE-BD and Ontology of Economics 2018). We intended to broaden the focus in order to explore the emerging question of how to deal with social entities in general, and to connect well established domains like biomedicine and business ontologies in this respect. The workshop collects approaches to deal with social, legal and economic enti- ties in foundational and applied ontologies and discusses applications of these ap- proaches to social, legal and economic entities in ontologies for biomedicine and business informatics. 15 WINKS-2 Second Workshop on INteraction-based Knowledge Sharing Programme Chairs Adrian Kemo IIIA-CSIC, Spain Jérôme Euzenat INRIA, Université Grenoble Alpes, France Dagmar Gromann University of Vienna, Austria Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz The Alan Turing Institute, UK & University of Oslo, Norway Marco Schorlemmer IIIA-CSIC, Spain Valentina Tamma University of Liverpool, UK Programme Committee Manuel Atencia Université Grenoble Alpes, France Paula Chocron Insikt Intelligence, Spain Mauro Dragoni Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy Thierry Declerck DFKI, Germany Tim Finin University of Maryland, USA Karl Hammar Jönköping University, Sweden Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo University of Leipzig & University of Paderborn, Germany Terry R. Payne University of Liverpool, UK Matthias Scheutz Tufts University, USA Katia Sycara CMU, USA Nardine Osman IIIA-CSIC, Spain This Second Workshop on INteraction-based Knowledge Sharing (WINKS-2) is aimed at researchers and practitioners investigating issues related to aspects of (autonomous) knowledge sharing, where the integration of knowledge is inher- ently interaction-based, irrespective of whether the interaction is machine to ma- chine, or human to machine. Gradually expanding, distributed systems heighten the need of dynamic interactive knowledge-sharing processes and ever more so- phisticated mechanisms are used to acquire and elicit knowledge. A paradigm shift has emerged that views knowledge creation, curation and evolution as a collaborative and interactive process between autonomous entities. As a highly interdisciplinary workshop, WINKS-2 invites submissions that address the fun- damental issues and challenges posed by interaction-based approaches to knowl- edge sharing. At the same time, we are interested in submissions that provide solutions for allowing knowledge sharing interactively, with a particular focus on the processes, mechanisms and protocols underlying the proposed solution. WODHSA 1st International Workshop on Ontologies for Digital Humanities and their Social Analysis 16 Programme Chairs Marianna Nicolosi Asmundo University of Catania, Italy Roberta Ferrario ISTC-CNR, Italy Emilio M. Sanfilippo Le Studium, Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Tours, France Programme Committee Alessandro Adamou National University of Ireland, Ireland Valentina Bartalesi ISTI-CNR, Italy Arianna Betti University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Enrico Daga The Open University, UK Øyvind Eide University of Cologne, Germany Adam Fedyniuk Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland Richard Freedman Haverford College, USA Leif Isaksen University of Exeter, UK Ludger Jansen University of Rostock & Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany Alessandro Mosca Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Albert Meroño-Peñuela University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Antonella Poggi Università La Sapienza, Italy Giuseppe Primiero Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy Viola Schiaffonati Politecnico di Milano, Italy Daria Spampinato ISTC-CNR, Italy Maria Rosaria Stufano Melone Politecnico di Bari, Italy Perrine Thuringer University of Tours, France Jouni Tuominen University of Helsinki, Finland The International Workshop for Digital Humanities and their Social Analysis (WODHSA) gathers original research work about application and theoretical is- sues emerging in the elaboration of conceptual models, ontologies, and Semantic Web technologies for the Digital Humanities (DH). A plethora of heterogeneous and multi-format data – including 3D models, photos, audio records, and doc- uments on paper – is currently available in the DH domain. Such huge amount of information retrieved from different and often isolated sources and contexts, disseminated in different places, asks for principled methodologies and technolo- gies to semantically characterize and possibly integrate data and data models for analysis, visualization, retrieval, and other purposes. Moreover, dedicated auto- mated reasoning tools allow to prove the consistency of data (models) and to extract implicit information thereby present to gain a deeper knowledge on the DH domain at stake. Hence, research efforts towards the application or use of reasoning engines is of vital relevance. The WODHSA workshop also welcomes contributions that look at data, ontolo- gies, and conceptual models for the DH from a broader philosophical or sociolog- ical perspective contextualizing them within the debate on digital technologies or models in philosophy or science and technology studies (STS). The contributions are expected to shed some light on the (social, economic, political, etc.) interests that drive the development and adoption of computer models in the DH and the impact on the involved stakeholders and society at large. 17 WOMoCoE 4th International Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextuality, and Evolu- tion Programme Chairs Stefano Borgo ISTC-CNR, Italy Loris Bozzato Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy Till Mossakowski Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany Antoine Zimmermann École des Mines de Saint-Étienne, France Programme Committee Grigoris Antoniou University of Huddersfield, UK Valeria De Paiva Samsung Research America, USA & University of Birmingham, UK Thomas Eiter Vienna University of Technology, Austria José M. Giménez-Garcı́a Université Jean Monnet, France Michael Gruninger University of Toronto, Canada Adila A. Krisnadhi University of Indonesia, Indonesia Oliver Kutz Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Raphael Peñaloza University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy Patrick Rodler Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt, Austria Thomas Schneider University of Bremen, Germany Luciano Serafini Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy Vojtĕch Svátek University of Economics Prague, Czech Republic George Vouros University of Piraeus, Greece In applying knowledge representation and reasoning techniques, knowledge is rarely taken as a single monolithic and static structure. Partitioning knowledge into distinct modular structures is central to organize, expand and amend knowl- edge bases. Also, understanding, representing and reasoning about context is es- sential for a correct use of knowledge modules and to correctly reason in chang- ing situations. Finally, evolution of knowledge resources is an important factor influencing the quality and value of stored knowledge when new information is acquired. Considering these needs, the International Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextuality, and Evolution (WOMoCoE) gives the opportunity to discuss cur- rent work on practical and theoretical aspects of modularity, contextuality and evolution of ontology based knowledge resources. The workshop aims to bring together an interdisciplinary audience interested in these topics to discuss both theoretical and formal aspect, and to investigate the variety of application perspectives. WOMoCoE 2019, the 4th edition of the Work- shop on Ontology Modularity, Contextuality, and Evolution, takes place in Graz on Sept. 23, 2019 within the framework of the 5th Joint Ontology WOrkshops (JOWO 2019). The workshop is opened by a keynote by Robert Hoehndorf (Evaluating ontology modules from the perspective of machine learning) and continues with the oral 18 presentation of the four accepted contributions included in this volume. Each sub- mitted paper was reviewed by at least three members of the program committee. As in the past, much time is dedicated to the discussion of the papers to foster active, broad and cross-disciplinary interactions. 19 Tutorials DOnEReCA: Data-driven ontology engineering with Relational Concept Analysis Organiser Petko Valtchev University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada Mickael Wajnberg University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada Data can successfully support ontology engineering tasks such as design or main- tenance. For instance, whenever an ontology is designed on top of a relational database, data can be analysed to detect significant patterns (clusters, associ- ations...). These can witness important domain concepts, properties and rules, that might not be directly observable in the database schema. Similarly, when populating an existing ontology with independently created data, one might want to assess the mapping of data objects to ontology classes. Patterns mined from the mapped data can suggest a variety of improvements: Strong association be- tween types and properties can indicate irregularities such as missing values for instances, or typing problems, it can also highlight missing descriptors for classes; alternatively, clusters in the data can reveal missing classes in the ontology. As a matter of fact, even ontologies with data properly integrated might benefit from this type of analysis. Formal Concept Analysis [1] (FCA) provides a knowledge discovery framework en- abling both (1) conceptual clustering of data objects and (2) pattern/association discovery. It was thought as a mathematical approach to the design of concept hierarchies (called concept lattices) from a sets of observations (introduced as object x attribute tables, called formal contexts). FCA, as most data mining ap- proaches, focuses on a single data table. However, Linked Data typically com- prise several resource types, hence such datasets are inherently multi-table, a.k.a. multi-relational. Relational Concept Analysis [2,3] (RCA) is a multi-relational data mining [4] (MRDM) framework designed on top of FCA. To bring the mathematical strength of FCA to the realm of RDF and Linked Data, RCA admits a set of contexts, as well as context-to-context binary relations. To discover plausible concepts from such datasets, a propositionalization mechanism called scaling is used to refine object descriptions as per input contexts: OWL-inspired relational scaling opera- tors replace inter-object links with property restriction-like attributes, called rela- tional, that refer to concepts from the range context. Potential cycles in data are dealt with in an iterative fix-point computation that gradually expands the ordi- nary concept lattices with relational attributes. As RCA fix-point lattices reflect the refined contexts much in the same way as with FCA, clusters and patterns are drawn thereof by existing FCA methodologies. Cycles are, in turn, resolved by expanding concept descriptions in a minimal fashion. RCA has been applied 20 to practical problems from a wide range of fields such as software engineering [5], hydroecology [6], data interlinking [7], ontology learning [8]. In this tutorial, we start by bringing the audience to an understanding of the mathematical foundations of the FCA method. The notions of context, deriva- tion, concept, concept lattice, etc. are presented together with a basic algorithm for lattice construction. Association rules and quality metrics are also presented within the framework of FCA. Next, we focus on RCA and its specific manner of processing multi-relational data: The notions of relational context family, scaling operators, propositionalization, etc. are introduced along with the iterative lattice construction method in RCA. Circular definitions in relational concept descrip- tions and in association rules are then exposed and our solution to dis-entangle these references discussed. An industrial use case helps illustrate these notions. In the second part of the tutorial, the emphasis shifts to the way RCA-based tools can support ontology engineering tasks. A number of scenarios is presented in- volving data drawn from DBpedia. A first case corresponds to a good fit between an ontology and underlying data. Then, a method is presented that helps de- tect miss-typed resources or, alternatively, possible class description refinements. Next, the extraction of a draft schema from a dataset without such schema is introduced. Finally, RCA is shown to provide a framework for the restructur- ing/refinement of an ontological schema (with no data). Mickael Wajnberg is a student, currently enrolled in a PhD at University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM; Québec, Canada) and at Université de Lorraine (France), he currently works on RCA and knowledge extraction. He did a Math and Physics Prepa before he got an Engineering Degree (M.Sc. equivalent) at Telecom Nancy (France) and a M.Sc. at University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (Québec, Canada) in Computer Science, he specialized in algorithms and theory for computer science. Dr. Petko Valtchev is Associate Professor with the Computer Science department of University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM; Québec, Canada). His Ph.D. was awarded in 1999 by J. Fourier University, Grenoble, France. He is member of the Editorial Board of the International conference on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) and has served as a member of the program committees of top-tier con- ferences (AAAI, IJCAI, ISWC). He has been researching on knowledge discovery and data mining with/from ontologies and knowledge bases. In this context, he designed a number of methods and practical tools exploiting concept analysis. References [1] Bernhard Ganter and Rudolf Wille. Formal concept analysis: mathematical foundations. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. [2] Mohamed Rouane-Hacene, Marianne Huchard, Amedeo Napoli, and Petko Valtchev. Soundness and completeness of relational concept analysis. In International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis, pages 228–243. Springer, 2013. 21 [3] Mohamed Rouane-Hacene, Marianne Huchard, Amedeo Napoli, and Petko Valtchev. Re- lational concept analysis: mining concept lattices from multi-relational data. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, 67(1):81–108, 2013. [4] Sašo Džeroski. Multi-relational data mining: an introduction. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 5(1):1–16, 2003. [5] Mohamed Hacene Rouane, Marianne Huchard, Amedeo Napoli, and Petko Valtchev. A proposal for combining formal concept analysis and description logics for mining relational data. In International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis, pages 51–65. Springer, 2007. [6] Cristina Nica, Agnes Braud, Xavier Dolques, Marianne Huchard, and Florence Le Ber. Exploring temporal data using relational concept analysis: An application to hydroecology. In 13th International Conference on Concept Lattices and Their Applications (CLA 2016), volume 1624, pages 299–311, 2016. [7] Manuel Atencia, Jérôme David, Jérôme Euzenat, Amedeo Napoli, and Jérémy Vizzini. Link key candidate extraction with relational concept analysis. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 2019. [8] Mohamed Rouane Hacene, Amedeo Napoli, Petko Valtchev, Yannick Toussaint, and Rokia Bendaoud. Ontology learning from text using relational concept analysis. In 2008 Inter- national MCETECH Conference on e-Technologies (mcetech 2008), pages 154–163. IEEE, 2008. FOUNT: Towards a systematic methodology for foundational ontologies: properties, relations, and truthmaking Organisers Nicola Guarino ISTC-CNR, Italy Giancarlo Guizzardi Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy Daniele Porello ISTC-CNR, Italy Well-founded ontologies have a double role in the practice of ontology design. On the one hand, they intend to make the modeller’s basic choices and assumptions clear: this is all about intended models, which need to be suitably characterized by means of logical axioms. On the other hand, they intend to make such basic choices justified and sharable among a community of users, by relying on a formal analysis of the nature and structure of the world, in terms of very general categories and relations, like object, property, relation, event, time, space, quality, modality, disposition, and so on. Nowadays, these general notions are systematized in top- level ontologies (such as DOLCE, BFO and UFO), which have been constructed by means of a tight confrontation with the literature in linguistics, cognitive science, logic, and analytic philosophy, and provide a well-developed theory for comprehending and justifying the modeller’s ontological choices. Still, even when a single top-level ontology has already been adopted, there is however a gap between top-level and core domain ontologies, since no clear methodology helps in making the basic decisions concerning the nature of the domain of discourse and the basic axiomatization choices. 22 In this tutorial, we develop a systematic methodology for identifying what to put in the domain of discourse, by articulating a comprehensive theory of reification and truth-making. We apply this methodology to the systematic ontological anal- ysis of sentences containing unary predicates (properties) and n-ary predicates (relations), based on a re-visitation of the notion of individual qualities (common to DOLCE, BFO and UFO) as ‘weak truthmakers’, and their role in accounting for properties, relationships, and events. MLwO: Semantic similarity and machine learning with ontologies Organisers Robert Hoehndorf King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia Maxat Kulmanov King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia Ontologies have long provided a core foundation in the organization of domain knowledge and are widely applied in several domains. With hundreds of ontolo- gies currently available and large volumes of data accessible through ontologies, there are a number of new and exciting opportunities emerging in using ontolo- gies for data analysis and predictive analysis. This tutorial will review existing methods for computational data analysis through ontologies based on semantic similarity and introduce different methods for machine learning with ontologies that were recently developed. We will introduce knowledge graph embeddings that project ontologies (as components of knowledge graphs) into vector spaces, machine learning approaches based on random walks, and model-theoretic ap- proaches for learning with ontologies. The tutorial will include hands-on components using Jupyter notebooks, and participants should participate with their own laptop computer. SNOMED: SNOMED CT Tutorial Organisers Stefan Schulz Medical University of Graz, Austria Yongsheng Gao SNOMED International, UK Stefan Sabutsch ELGA GmbH, Austria Nina Sjencic ELGA GmbH, Austria The international standard SNOMED CT, an ontology-based clinical terminology, is increasingly used to support interoperability in health care. With about 350,000 classes and a rich set of axioms conforming to OWL-EL profile it is probably the 23 world’s largest ontology. However, many legacy issues prevail, and collaboration with the Applied Ontology community is of great value for quality improvement and ontological well-formedness. This tutorial of 2 x 90 min will present SNOMED CT to the typical audience of JOWO, but is also open for implementers and potential users. It encompasses SNOMED CT’s architectural principles and design patterns, foundational issues like implicit and explicit upper-level assumptions, the dealing with epistemic as- pects, interfacing with other ontologies, SNOMED CT and natural language, for- mats and use cases. The tutorial is initiated by Stefan Schulz, Medical Univer- sity of Graz. He has accompanied the evolution of SNOMED CT during the past 15 years, participated in several projects around SNOMED CT and served the SNOMED organisation (SNOMED International, former IHTSDO) in working groups and advisory committees. TLO: Top Level Ontologies (ISO/IEC 21838) Organisers Barry Smith SUNY at Buffalo, USA Michael Gruninger University of Toronto, Canada This tutorial will introduce ISO/IEC:21838 Top-Level Ontologies, a multi-part standard, Parts 1 and 222 of which are currently in the final – Draft International Standard (DIS) – stage of review. ISO/IEC:21838 has been created under the aus- pices of Joint Technical Committee 1 of the International Standards Organization and the International Electrotechnical Commission, which is responsible for stan- dards in the domain of information technology. Part 1 of the standard lays down the definition of ‘top-level ontology’ and provides a statement of the requirements to be satisfied by any ontology claiming to be conformant to this definition. Part 2 documents Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) in light of the requirements stated in Part 1. Further parts are envisaged, including a specification of DOLCE and of the TUpper ontology (see below). The tutorial is divided into four sections. Section 1 (Barry Smith) will describe the ISO standardization process. It will provide a detailed overview of the contents of Part 1 of ISO/IEC:21838 and of the process to be followed in assessing candidate top-level ontologies to be included as further Parts. 22 See https://www.iso.org/standard/71954.html and https://www.iso.org/standard/74572.html. 24 Section 2 (Barry Smith) will provide an introduction to BFO23 and an overview of some of the major applications of BFO in biomedicine24 , engineering25 , and defense26 . It will provide an outline of the changes made in BFO as a result of this standard- ization process. These include a new Common Logic (CL) formalization of BFO (BFO-ISO-CL) together with a proof of consistency. It also includes an OWL formalization of BFO together with a proof of derivability from BFO-ISO-CL. Section 3 (Alan Ruttenberg) will provide an account of the axiomatization and consistency proof for BFO-ISO-CL, and of the proof of derivability of BFO-ISO- OWL. He will focus on novel features of the latter, including its treatment of time-indexed relations such as continuant parthood or participation, where the relations may have different targets at different times. Because OWL has only binary relations, a direct translation of such relations is not possible. The approach used for BFO-ISO-OWL is engineered to enable access to time indexed-relations while at the same time having a clear translation to BFO-ISO-CL and thus also to BFO-ISO-FOL. There will be a discussion of benefits of this approach and remaining open problems. Section 4 (Michael Grüninger) will present draft proposals for two further Parts of ISO/IEC:21838, representing DOLCE (the Domain Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering), on the one hand, and the TUpper Ontology on the other. Where DOLCE, like BFO, follows a traditional top-down view of the relation between top-level and domain ontologies, TUpper follows what can be thought of as a sideways approach. This means that it provides not a single axiomatization centred on a taxonomy, but rather considers an upper ontology to be a collection of generic plug-and-play ontology modules incorporating classes relating for example to time, process, and space. The tutorial will provide an opportunity for discussion of the issues raised by these proposals and, more generally, by the idea of a top-level ontology as defined in this standard. 23 Robert Arp, Barry Smith and Andrew Spear, Building Ontologies with Basic Formal On- tology, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015. 24 http://basic-formal-ontology.org/users.html. 25 http://ncorwiki.buffalo.edu/index.php/BFO-Based Engineering Ontologies. 26 http://ncorwiki.buffalo.edu/index.php/Main Page#Military and Intelligence Ontology. 25 Keynotes Antony Galton, Theories of Time and Temporality: A Guided Tour for Ontologists Research in the logic, ontology, and metaphysics of time has over many years gen- erated a bewildering variety of different theories and points of view, presenting a range of choices between, for example, A-theories vs B-theories, tensed vs tense- less logics, endurantism vs perdurantism, presentism vs eternalism, and three- dimensionalism vs four-dimensionalism. To add to all this there is the recurrent problem of how, if it is even possible at all, to reconcile “common sense” views of time with the findings of physics, in particular in relation to quantum theory and relativity. In this talk I will attempt to act as a “tour guide” through this rich and fascinating landscape, and in particular to point out the implications of different choices of theory for the practical ontologist, from both realist and conceptualist perspectives. Yongsheng Gao, Insights into Large-Scale Ontology Production SNOMED CT is the most comprehensive, multilingual clinical healthcare termi- nology in the world, which enables consistent representation of clinical content in electronic health records. The core component types in SNOMED CT are con- cepts, descriptions and relationships. These concepts and descriptions represent diagnosis, clinical findings like signs and symptoms, therapeutic, diagnostic, and administrative procedures. It also includes observables (for example, heart rate), body structures, organisms, substances, pharmaceutical products, physical ob- jects, and many other types of information. The meaning of concepts is defined by axioms in formal description logic, whereas inferred relationships between con- cepts are generated from axioms by reasoners to meet a variety of primary and secondary uses. SNOMED International is a not-for-profit organization that owns and maintains SNOMED CT. The content has been developed collaboratively to ensure that it meets the diverse needs and expectations of clinicians worldwide. We engage with the global healthcare community to improve SNOMED CT and patient safety. In this talk, I will cover the organisation structure, SNOMED CT logic profile, concept modelling and templates, content quality assurance, release and OWL representation. Valentina Presutti, ArCo: the Knowledge Graph of Italian Cultural Heritage ArCo is a very ambitious ontology project. Starting from the official central cat- alogue of Italian Cultural Heritage (maintained by the Ministry) as its main source, its goal is to release an open knowledge graph encoding knowledge about the entities described in catalogue records. This means going beyond the mere 26 representation of their metadata. Although there’s still a long way to go, ArCo reached its first ‘stable’ version (https://w3id.org/arco). The experience in devel- oping this project has taught us important lessons both in knowledge engineering in general, and on its application to Cultural Heritage. In this talk I will tell ArCo’s story and lessons learned focusing on methodological, social and ontolog- ical perspectives. 27 28