The development of animated images that are printed on paper is covered in this article. Animated images are based on the illusion effect. Optical illusions include errors in visual perception caused by the inaccuracy or inadequacy of processes of unconscious vision correction. The illusions that create the effect of motion, the effect of resizing, the effect of motion are considered. The development is based on the division of key frames of the moving image. These illusions have been developed for the print and the algorithm for animation of the image has been developed.
Animated optical illusions include images that use the properties of human vision and create the effect of a three-dimensional image and its motion. If you create an image using special algorithms that connect the individual image components in a specific way, it can create different special effects of motion.
Man reading books try to create images that reflect the movement of objects. Images travel from page to page and cause feelings of pleasure, anger, love and more.
For young children, they make books with a wealth of illustrations that should be simple, understandable and immediately evoke the feelings above. This allows you to better understand the book, learn about the world and develop feelings.
But all the illustrations are static, motionless and it is very difficult to create an illustration that triggers a movement response.
Completely different matter cartoons, animations. But man, the child is constantly on the move. On the move, she learns about the world and develops. Therefore, we believe that it is appropriate to create illustrations in books that are more moving to convey the content and idea of the book. It is also very exciting and interesting. After all, we buy the book and it is “alive”.
When a person becomes an adult, he or she does not lose the taste of childhood and wants to see in the book the same beautiful, kind, charming illustrations, but which pass to another stage of perception. Man wants fairy tales. He wants something out of the ordinary. Optical illusions can become such unusual illustrations. 2
There are such types of illusions as physical, optical, sound, tactile, affective, verbal, organic, illusions of awareness, pre-eminence.
Physical illusions, these are illusions related to the objective laws of physics in the
world, in particular a spoon, partially immersed in a glass of water, is perceived as
broken [
Optical illusions - a mistake of vision; errors in visual perception, caused by the
inaccuracy or inadequacy of processes of unconscious correction of visual image [
Sound illusions, such as Shepard's tone [
Tactile illusions, such as Aristotle's illusion [
Physiological illusions are related to the peculiarities of the human sense organs,
for example, if several times simultaneously lifting two different objects by weight
with both hands and then another pair of objects of the same mass, then the object that
was in the hand, which was lighter before, will seem heavier than the object in the
other hand [
There are other illusions, affective illusions - arising under the influence of
pronounced mood swings or due to the acute affect of fear, anxiety [
Organic illusions - the distorted visual perception of the shape, size, color, spatial
location, state of rest or movement of a real existing object; distinguish between
autometamorphopsia (sense of change in size, shape of parts of one's own body) and
exometamorphopsia (violation of perception of surrounding objects); this kind of
disorders of perception can be observed not only in mentally ill, but also in mentally
healthy people with pathology of the organ of vision [
An optical illusion - is a mistake in visual perception, which is caused by
inaccuracy or an inadvertent correction of the star image correction [
Optical illusions have long been engaged in mathematics by M. Escher [
Such missions will lead to errors in the perception of real geometric quantities. Otherwise, errors can reach up to 25%. Estimates of real quantities are strongly dependent on the nature of the background image.
Ebbinghaus illusion or Titchener circle is an optical illusion of perception of relative sizes. The most famous version of this illusion is that when two circles, identical in size, are placed side by side, and around one of them are circles of large size, while the other is surrounded by small circles, the first circle seems smaller than the second. see Fig. 2. [18]. These are illusions, when the static and motionless pattern "comes to life" and begins to move, or starts to rotate into one and then to the other side. There are throbbing drawings, but really - all of these are static drawings see Fig. 3.
Animations may not be just "live" pictures, but represent real puzzles for vision. Optical illusions always have ambiguous interpretations, and an illusory effect may be noticeable when tilting, rotating, or moving.
In artistic images, deliberate distortion of perspective causes special effects, best
known for M. Escher's work [
Data transmission based on optical effects is also practiced in modern information
technologies. Modern Snapchat development enables the reproduction of an image
that is programmed to self-destruct in a few seconds [
Copying of printed grids with a low reproduction rate causes a defect such as a moiré. And on this phenomenon, it is possible to develop moving images.
Moiré is the result of the interference of two or more periodic structures having
different spatial frequencies [
Moire occurs when a set of straight or curved lines is superimposed on another set
of lines. The name Moire was derived from the French word "watered" [
Therefore, the idea of creating an optical illusion for the protection of printing products is that the image will move as you apply and move the grid from above. Circle motion is taken as the input image (Fig. 4).
Creating an image will take several steps: • Framing; • Inversion; • Animation.
The result will be images with thin lines up to 0.25 mm thick that cannot be copied.
The first step in creating an optical illusion is to crop the image. Each frame of the cat movement should be placed on a separate layer. Step by step cropping procedure: • Add an image to a new layer of a document by dragging it from a folder to an window. • Use the Rectangular Selection tool to highlight the first frame. • • •
Right-click on the highlighted area and select Copy to New Layer from the popup menu.
Repeat step 3 with other frames. The result will be 9-12 layers of frames The crop is complete. For convenience, place all the layers with frames in one folder. 4.3
Each frame of the image becomes clearly visible when placed on it grid. Therefore, the protective image should be formed of thin fragments placed between the grid lines (Fig.5). Step by step image inversion procedure:
Remove all frames from view. Make the first image visible. Center it.
Repeat the first step with the rest of the images, alternately including the visibility of each frame.
Each time the grid moves, a separate image frame should fall into the area of view between the grid lines. Therefore, it is necessary to place the frames so that each frame drops another frame.
First you need to calculate the number of frames. The input image consisted of 12 frames of motion of a circle, so it is possible to select frames that will form a smooth motion of the optical illusion. The line spacing is 1/9 of the grid line. This means that 9 frames are placed next to each other with offset to create the animation (Fig.6). 4.5
Remove visibility from all but the first frame. The first image frame remains in place. Enable grid visibility (Fig. 7).
• Enable second frame visibility. Move the grid to the left one step with the ← key. Both frames were out of sight.
• Move the second frame into view by pressing the ← key.
• Enable third frame visibility. Move the grid one step. Press the ← key to place the third frame in the area of view.
Shifting the grid one step, similarly to place another 6 frames. Disable grid visibility.
Therefore, as a result of performing all the steps of image and grid creation, a
protective optical illusion is obtained, consisting of thin lines, about 0.24 mm thick. It is
not possible to copy such thin lines, which means that the image is copy-protected by
printing fine graphics. Another layer of security is also implemented - mesh
authentication. The copied image will not be clear. When moving the grid, the original image
will move smoothly. Methods for constructing print print growth are taken in [
The effects of the moire printing defect are analyzed and based on its motion images. Printed animated graphic images based on the moire phenomenon and optical illusions have been developed. Animated images are made using modern software. [14] De Masi, A. STRATEGIES OF DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE’S REPRESENTATION: FROM DEMORPHOGENESIS AT MSH-BIM. OPTICAL, THEATRICAL ILLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE IN THE NEAPOLITAN SCHOOL’S ARCHITECTURE DRAWING. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, 305-314. (2019). [15] Sutkowski, R. A. From Optical to Tactile-Extruding Photography (Doctoral dissertation, Drexel
University) (2019). [16] Kitaoka A. et. al.:New illusion polygons Handbook of polygons, Tokyo: Maruzen, (2015) [17] Sickle E. Optical Illusions [Text] / E. Sikl. - M.: Astrel, 2004. - 165 p. [18] Escher M. C. Visions of Symmetryby D. Schattschneider / M. C. Escher . – New York and London, (2004)