-This paper is a proposal about Society/Stakeholder Centered Design (SCD) concept for usability of software. Traditionally, to achieve high usability, Human Centered Design (HCD) process is adopted in development process. However, this usability is mainly focuses to direct users who interacts the system, product and service directly. Recently, as workstyle using ICT (Information Communication Technology) has been changed, ICT users are not only direct users who interacts system and product directly but also indirect user who use output obtained by using ICT. This paper proposes a concept of outcome and consequence of use. This includes not only use of system, product or service but also use of their outputs. To the future, by preparing concrete examples, concept of SCD would like to be proposed. (Abstract)
In 2010, ISO9241-210 “Human-centred design for
interactive system” which is an ergonomic related standard
about human centered design was published [
They are, 1) “Plan the human-centered design process” which is a decision phase of a project to apply HCD to a target system, 2) “Understand and Specify the context of use” which is a phase that a project get information how user uses a target system, 3) “Specify the user needs and the user requirements” which is a phase to extract users’ needs to a target system and to specify the needs, 4) “Produce design Solution to meet user requirements” which is a phase to make a prototype or production according to the specification, 5) “Evaluate the design against requirements” which evaluates whether the design meets the requirements,
Nowky Hirasawa 6) “Design solution meet user requirements” which evaluates whether the solution meets requirements”.
In these, 2), 3), 4) and 5) are main activities in HCD process.
To achieve high usability, these are applied to each
development process shown in Fig. 2. Like this, HCD is a
method to provide system and product with high usability for
users and stakeholders [
About usability in software engineering, Quality in use
model is defined in ISO/IEC25010 [
Copyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Recently, as workstyle using ICT (Information
Communication Technology) has been changed, ICT users are
not only direct users who interacts system and product directly
but also indirect user who use output obtained by using ICT.
Concept of usability also has been changed. Fig. 4. Shows the
recent usability concept defined in ISO9241-11[
III.
Direct user means a user who interacts with product,
system or service directly. For example, ATM users in
banking system, customers for electric commerce system.
There are other direct users, called “secondary users”. They
also interact product, system or service directly, but their main
task is not use a product or system or receive service, but
operate and maintain of these system. Moreover, there are the
other kinds of users, they are indirect users of other
stakeholders. They usually use an output of products or
system. For example, in case of self-driving car (level four or
low), a driver is one of direct user and operators of traffic
infrastructure are kinds of secondary user. As for pedestrians,
they are indirect users. Figure 5 shows the proposal concept
of quality in use include other stakeholders.
This figure is still under proposal. To progress discussion, it
is necessary to have the viewpoint of not only product
and/or system but also data and service quality [
In Figure 5, discussion of subcharacteristics of “Outcome by use of output from product/system” and “Influence on circumstances” are not enough.
So, to the future, we will describe subcharacteristics of consequence of use by using some example (e.g. self-driving system, traffic control system and so on).